scholarly journals Robust in vitro propagation and regeneration of ubi kuning high beta carotene cassava genotype through somatic embryogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
SUPATMI SUPATMI ◽  
HANI FITRIANI ◽  
NURHAMIDARR RAHMAN ◽  
N. SRI HARTATI ◽  
ENNY SUDARMONOWATI
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
High Beta

Supatmi, Fitriani H, Rahman N, Hartati NS, Sudarmonowati E. 2017. Robust in vitro propagation and regeneration of ubi kuning high beta carotene cassava genotype through somatic embryogenesis. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 352-360. Ubi kuning is a local genotype of cassava with high beta carotene content but the development of this genotype is still low because of plant disease susceptibility. Objectives of this study were to robust induce and regenerate somatic embryos of ubi kuning in vitro as well as to define a protocol of cyclic somatic embryogenesis of ubi kuning. Different size of leaf lobes, various concentration of picloram and different light conditions were tested to produce an effective and efficient somatic embryos (SEs).The best response of the induction of embryogenic callus was observed in leaf lobes explant with range size of 1-3 mm and >5mm cultured on induction medium (MS + 4% sucrose + 4 μM CuSO4 + 0.1 mM Glutamine + 0.8% Microagar) supplemented with either 10 or 18 mg/L picloram grown under dark light for 4 weeks. Retransferring embryogenic callus to the same medium supplemented with 16 mg/L picloram gave the advanced development of primary somatic embryos (PSEs) after 70 d grown under both dark and light condition treatments. A positive correlation between globular and cotyledon stages was obtained in all treatments (P≤ 0.01). The highest shoot and root growth (30% and 25%) was achieved in the regeneration of cotyledonary like-tissues cultured on callus embryogenic media (CEM) (MS basal+ 2.5 μM CuSO4 + 3% sucrose + 2.75 g/L phytagel) supplemented with 1.6 mg/L of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE INDUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANGOSTEEN SOMATIC EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Yosi Zendra Joni ◽  
Riry Prihatini ◽  
Darda Efendi ◽  
Ika Roostika
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction

<p>Somatic embryogenesis is a technique for regenerating embryos derived from somatic cells of various plant species. This technique along with the utilization of plant growth regulator (PGR) might benefit for mass propagation and improvement of plant species through biotechnological tools. The study aimed to determine the effect of different plant growth regu-lators, namely 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the embryogenic callus induction as well as casein hydrolysate and malt extract on the somatic embryo development of mangosteen. The explants used were in vitro young stems of mangosteen clone Leuwiliang. This study consisted of two experiments, namely induction of embryogenic callus and formation of somatic embryo. The first experiment was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with BA (0 and 0.7 mg l-1) as the first factor and TDZ (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg l-1) as the second factor. The second experiment consisted of four treatments, i.e. casein hydrolysate and malt extract at the rate of 500 and 1,000 mg l-1. The results showed that the best medium for embryogenic callus induction was MS supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ, which resulted semifriable calli. Casein hydrolysate and malt extract could not induce the formation of somatic embryos. After two times subcultures on the same MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 TDZ and 0.7 mg l-1 BA, a total of 33.8 somatic embryos per explant was induced. The successful somatic embryogenesis would support mangosteen breeding and in vitro mass propagation program.</p>

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Phytophthora cinnamomi-Tolerant Holm Oak Genotypes by Axillary Budding and Somatic Embryogenesis

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Martínez ◽  
Francisco Javier Vieitez ◽  
Alejandro Solla ◽  
Raúl Tapias ◽  
Noelia Ramírez-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Holm Oak ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Oak Decline ◽  
Shoot Cultures

Holm oak (Quercus ilex) is one of the most widely distributed tree species in the Mediterranean basin. High mortality rates have been observed in holm oak populations in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula as a result of oak decline syndrome. Selection and propagation of genotypes tolerant to this syndrome could aid the restoration of affected areas. In this article, we report micropropagation and conservation procedures based on axillary budding and somatic embryogenesis (SE) of holm oak plants, selected for their tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi—the main biotic factor responsible for oak decline. Forced shoots were obtained from potted plants of eight different genotypes, and used as stock material to establish in vitro shoot proliferation cultures. Reliable shoot proliferation was obtained in seven out the eight genotypes established in vitro, whereas multiplication rates were genotype-dependent. The highest rooting rates were obtained by culturing shoots for 24 h or 48 h on rooting induction medium containing 25 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid, followed by transfer to medium supplemented with 20 µM silver thiosulphate. Axillary shoot cultures can be successful conserved by cold storage for 12 months at 4 °C under dim lighting. Shoot tips, excised from axillary shoot cultures established from tolerant plants, were used as initial explants to induce SE. Somatic embryos and/or nodular embryogenic structures were obtained on induction medium with or without indole-acetic acid 4 mg L−1, in two out the three genotypes evaluated, and induction rates ranged between 2 and 4%. Plantlet recovery was 45% after two months cold stratification of somatic embryos and eight weeks of culture on germination medium. Vegetative propagation of P. cinnamomi-tolerant Q. ilex trees is a valuable milestone towards the restoration of disease-affected areas.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis using Immature Zygotic Embryos from Developing Fruits of Papaya (Carica papaya)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 783E-783
Author(s):  
S.K. Dhir ◽  
U.L. Yadava
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Secondary Embryos ◽  
Potential Use

An efficient protocol has been developed for the in vitro multiplication of papaya (Carica papaya L.) through somatic embryogenesis utilizing immature zgotic embryos. Somatic embryos were initiated on MS basel media supplemented with 5 mg·liter–1 2,4-D, 400 mg·liter–1 glutamine, and 6% sucrose. After culturing for 2 months, 65% of the explants became highly embryogenic. Each explant produced 50 to 80 embryos in 4 months on culture induction medium. Frequency of embryogenesis was increased (75 to 150 somatic embryos on 80% explants) upon supplementing medium with 4% maltose as a carbon source and 100 mg·liter–1 L-asparagine. The embryogenic callus appeared yellow and embryos at different stages of development were well-organized. On regular subculturing, these cultures continued to produce secondary embryos. Following their transfer to the hormone-free medium supplemented with 4% maltose, these embryos germinated. The somatic embryogenesis system is rapid, repetitive, and highly proliferative. Thus, this system may have a potential use in the development of synthetic seed and transgenic papaya plants. Details of important factors affecting somatic embryogenesis will be discussed.

scholarly journals SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) VAR. KM297

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Kien Van Vu ◽  
Sanh Du Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Immature Leaf

Somatic embryos of cassava var. KM297 received from pieces of in vitro immature leaf lobes or cotyledon of somatic embryos, were induced on the MS medium supplemented with 8mg/l picloram after 13 days inoculation in the dark condition. Different states of embryo were obtained after 10 days cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BA and 0.01mg/l NAA, in the light condition. Role of endogenous AIA and Zeatin of the globular state of embryos was studied.

scholarly journals Propagasi in vitro tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pada bioreaktor dengan perendaman sesaat

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Tamania SAPTARI ◽  
Masna Maya SINTA ◽  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. PRIYONO ◽  
. SUMARYONO
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Immersion Period

The cultivation of date palm in Indonesia has increased since the last decade. However, the superior date palm seedlings are still limited and most of them are imported from other countries. The mass supply of superior date palm seedlings can be provided by in vitro propagation in the bioreactor. Therefore, the research was conducted to develop a protocol of date palm in vitro propagation by using Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB). The in vitro propagation was carried out through somatic embryogenesis technique using meristematic tissues isolated from offshoots of date palm female clone cv. Zambli as explants. The explants were sterilized and then cultured to produce embryogenic calli and somatic embryos. Afterwards, somatic embryos germination and plantlets formation were conducted in TIB with treatments of immersion period: 3, 10, and 30 minutes every 6 hours, with 8 replications, The results showed that the optimal somatic embryo germination in TIB was with the immersion period of 30 min every 6 h, resulting in the most formation of shoots and fresh biomass weight increment up to nearly threefold in 6 weeks. Thereafter, plantlets formation in TIB with immersion period of 10 min and 30 min every 6 h exhibited similar performances in producing more plantlets with higher total fresh weight and better vigor than those of 3 min every 6 h. However, there were more rooted plantlets in the TIB with immersion period of 10 min every 6 h. Based on the results, an in vitro propagation protocol via somatic embryogenesis in TIB has been successfully developed for mass propagation of date palm cv. Zambli, which produced plantlets with good vigor and rooting.

scholarly journals Induksi dan Proliferasi Embriogenesis Somatik In Vitro pada Lima Genotipe Kedelai

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Adam Saepudin ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Didy Sopandie ◽  
Dan Sintho Wahyuning Ardie
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Embryo Induction ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Induction Experiment ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryo Induction

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Somatic embryo induction medium was reported to be genotype dependent for soybean. This study was aimed to obtain the optimum medium for embryo somatic induction and proliferation, and to regenerate somatic embryo of five soybean genotypes. Five soybean genotypes (Tanggamus, Anjasmoro, Yellow Biloxi, CG-22-10, and SP-10-4) were used in this study. The research was divided into four steps: (1) embryogenic callus induction of  five soybean genotypes, (2) embryogenic callus proliferation of five soybean genotypes, (3) optimation of embryo somatic induction on five soybean genotypes and (4) embryo somatic regeneration of five soybean genotypes. The induction experiment showed that based on number of embryogenic callus, the best somatic embryo-induction medium was 3% sucrose+ NAA 5 mg L-1+2,4-D 5 mg L-1+ Vitamin B5. Embryogenic callus number for each genotype tested was increased on proliferation media of 3% sukrosa + 2,4-D 5 mg L-1 + NAA 5 mg L-1+ Vit B5, and Yellow Biloxi gave the highest number of proliferated somatic embryos compared to other genotypes. Increasing number of globular somatic embryo of all genotypes was obtained from the optimation of somatic embryo induction media being used, and Tanggamus genotype gave the highest number of globular somatic embryo which followed by Yellow Biloxi genotype. Tanggamus and Yellow Biloxi genotypes were also successfully formed the four steps of somatic embryos (globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledonary stages), but in regeneration medium of MS0 and media MS + sukrosa 10 g L-1 + GA3 2 mg L-1 + BAP 4 mg L-1 + Vit B5 only Tanggamus genotype was regenerated into plantlet.  <br /><br />Keywords: 2,4-D, NAA, somatic embryos, induction, proliferation<br /><br />

scholarly journals (291) Plant Regeneration through Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Homalomena `Emerald Gem'

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078A-1078
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Ms Medium

Homalomena `Emerald Gem' is an important ornamental foliage plant and widely used for interior plantscaping. Current propagation of this cultivar has been primarily carried out through in vitro culture by organogenesis; regeneration through somatic embryogenesis has not been documented. This report describes successful plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from explants of different organs. Somatic embryos formed at and around the cut surface of petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants. Embryos also appeared at the base between expanded ovaries of the spadix segment, and around midrib of leaf explants. The optimal treatments for somatic embryo occurrence from petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants were MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA or 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D with 2.0 mg/L CPPU, and for spadix explants were MS medium with 0.5 mg/L PAA and 2.5 mg/L TDZ. Somatic embryos appeared 6 to 8 weeks after culture and formed large embryo clumps in 3 to 4 months. Somatic embryos produced more secondary embryos and geminated on induction medium. Multiple shoot development and plant regeneration occurred from somatic embryo clusters on MS medium without hormone or with 2 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA. The regenerated plants grew vigorously after transplanting to a soilless container substrate in a shaded greenhouse.

scholarly journals In vitro propagation of Tilia platyphyllos by axillary shoot proliferation and somatic embryogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chalupa
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Tilia Platyphyllos

In vitro propagation of Tilia platyphyllos Scop. has been achieved by axillary shoot proliferation and somatic embryo-<br />genesis. The influence of tree age, explant source, genotype, and phytohormones on micropropagation of juvenile and mature trees of Tilia platyphyllos has been investigated. Nodal segments and shoot tips were used as initial explants for axillary shoot proliferation. Low concentration of cytokinin (BA, BPA, TDZ) plus auxin (IBA) stimulated fast shoot multiplication. Microshoots<br />excised from proliferating cultures were rooted on low salt medium and produced trees were planted in the field. Embryo-<br />genic tissues were initiated from zygotic embryos cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. After transfer of&nbsp; embryogenic tissues with developing embryoids on media lacking 2,4-D and supplemented with low concetration of IBA, the development of somatic embryos was enhanced. Secondary somatic embryogenesis led to the formation of new adventive somatic embryos. Trees produced from somatic embryos were planted in the field and exhibited normal growth and morphology.

Somatic embryogenesis in butternut, Juglanscinerea

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Pijut
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Cotyledonary Explants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Free Media

Immature cotyledonary explants excised from developing fruits of Juglanscinerea L. were cultured in vitro to induce regeneration of somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were initiated directly on cotyledons collected 9 weeks postanthesis and cultured on a Driver and Kuniyuki medium supplemented with 250 mg/L L-glutamine, 0.01 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid, 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine, and 2 mg/L kinetin for 3 weeks, prior to transfer to hormone-free Driverand Kuniyuki medium. Embryogenic callus was initiated on explants collected 8–11 weeks postanthesis and cultured on two different media formulations containing 0.25 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine and 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for 3 weeks, prior to transfer to hormone-free media. Globular to mature somatic embryos were differentiated, and conversion of somatic embryos into whole plants was incomplete. Competence of embryogenic callus was maintained for 1 year with regular subculturing on hormone-free media.

scholarly journals Development of a protocol for the micropropagation of mature Eucalyptus grandis clones through somatic embryogenesis

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andiswa Tsewana
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
The Media ◽  
Callus Induction Medium

Biotechnology techniques such as micropropagation VIa somatic embryogenesis offer potential significant advances in the improvement of forest species, which could sustain forest production in South Africa, as well as globally, without increased use of land. In order to apply such techniques to commercial breeding and clonal programmes of E. grandis species, it is necessary to develop reliable and efficient protocols applicable to explants of proven superior genotypes. Most of the research on E. grandis somatic embryogenesis has used the genetically variable embryos or seedlings as explant sources, which results in the propagation of material of unproven genetic value. In order to exploit somatic embryogenesis maximally for cloning of superior trees, somatic embryos have to be induced from highly selected and, hence, mature trees. The aim of this investigation was to develop such a protocol for E. grandis and to test its applicability to various E. grandis hybrids. Somatic embryos were induced from buds, stems, leaves and petioles, with petioles and buds giving the best results. Thus, these were selected for further studies which involved testing the effect of medium composition on embryogenic callus induction. Media used for this purpose contained MS or B5 nutrients, 1 mg.l' 2,4-D, 0.5 g.r! glutamine, 0.5 g.r! casein hydrolysate, 4 g.r! Gelrite and 30 or 50 g.rl sucrose. All the media tested were able to support induction of embryogenic callus, although the number of explants producing embryogenic calli was affected significantly by the media composition (10-91 %). Callus induction media with B5 nutrients seemed to have a significant effect onn the developmental stage of embryos in the callus induction medium. Presence of 50 g.r! sucrose in the callus induction medium reduced the embryo yield, but the progress of embryo development was enhanced. The callus induction medium containing B5, 1 mg.l' 2,4-D, 0.5 g.rl glutamine, 0.5 g.r! casein hydrolysate, 4 g.r! Gelrite and 30 g.l' sucrose was chosen for subsequent studies. Of all the media tested for embryo development, the medium with B5, 2.5 mg.l' 2iP, 0.5 g.r! glutamine, 0.5 g.r! casein hydrolysate, 4 g.r! Gelrite and 50 g.r! sucrose was found to be the most suitable for embryo development to the cotyledonary stage. Experiments involving incorporation of both ABA and 2iP aiming at maturation of E. grandis somatic embryos led to an increase in size of the cotyledonary embryos formed but not to germination.

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