Nusantara Bioscience
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2087-3956, 2087-3948

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Bomvet Saura ◽  
Geneveve Falcasantos ◽  
Rex Jr. Andante ◽  
Luna Munda ◽  
Marycris Alimorong ◽  
...  

Abstract. Saura EBD, Falcasantos GC, Andante RJM, Munda LC, Alimorong MM, Hernando BJ. 2021. Evaluation of fluctuating asymmetry and sexual dimorphism of Channa striata using landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis from Agusan Marsh and Lake Mainit in Caraga Region, Philippines. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 100-110. Evaluation was conducted to determine the impact of ecological condition to Channa striata using fluctuating asymmetry (FA) employing the landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis, using TPS software, SAGE, PAST-Hotellings Test, including Physico-chemical analysis, cyanide and four base metals. Results of Physico-chemical analysis of the two habitats showed Agusan marsh with low oxygen level (3.37-4.55) and high in Iron and TDS as compared to DENR Standards. The statistical results showed high variations (p < 0.0001) on left and right-side having percentage of 79.22% in Agusan Marsh and 72.35% in Lake Mainit which is relatively high Fluctuating Asymmetry. In terms of sex, Agusan marsh had 84.27% and 85.41% FA in males and females while Lake Mainit having 85.12% and 80.89% in males and females. The fairly similar percentage of Fluctuating Asymmetry confirms no sexual dimorphism and no shape differences between male and female, and no peculiar characters to distinguished between sexes based on the 17 landmark points. Present study concluded that FA observed in the snout tip was due to breeding behavior, the landmark points in cephalic, pectoral, and caudal region were associated with burrowing and mobility factors within the lateral line system in these fishes which thrive in high turbid habitat and low oxygen. Furthermore, it was found that the level of FA tends to increase in disturbed environs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henderina Lelloltery ◽  
Maman Rumanta ◽  
Rony Marsyal Kunda

Abstract. Lelloltery H, Rumanta M, Kunda RM. 2021. Strategy for marine ecotourism development based on natural resource management: Case study in Kotania Bay, Western Seram District, Maluku. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 91-99. The study aimed to identify the potential for marine ecotourism in Kotania Bay, and formulated strategies and priorities for developing marine ecotourism in Kotania Bay. Data collection on ecological potential consisted of mangrove and fauna vegetation using the line transect method, while coastal and marine resources included coral reefs and reef fish using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Development strategies and priorities used the SWOT and AHP methods. The results showed that the potential of coastal natural resources around the Kotania Bay consisted of 12 mangrove species belonging to7 families with species diversity index 1.76, and dominated by Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera cylindrica. The bird species were 33 species belonging to 23 families, with several endemic species such as Philemon subcorniculatus, Eulipoa wallacei, Birgus latro, and Pteropus melanopogon. Potential marine water resources consisted of 45 coral species belonging to 23 genera and 14 families with 10-12 life-forms. The diversity of reef fish species was quite abundant consisting of 129 species from 60 genera and 22 families. The sand beach on Marsegu island is a tourist destination that is demanded by the tourists. SWOT analysis showed that the potential of coastal and marine natural resources in Kotania Bay is very likely to be developed as marine ecotourism.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Shahi ◽  
Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi ◽  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Morteza Akbari ◽  
Javad Rafinejad

Abstract. Shahi M, Jaberhashemi SA, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Akbari M, Rafinejad J. 2020. Faunistic study on scorpions and their health impact in Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 85-90. Scorpion sting is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries, endangering thousands of lives annually. About 2300 scorpion sting cases including several deaths are reported from Hormozgan Province annually. This study aimed to determine the fauna of scorpions and epidemiological aspects of scorpion sting in one of the high-risk areas in this province. Scorpions were collected by diurnal searching and night catch using UV light during 2015-2016. Clinical and demographic data of scorpion sting were obtained from Hormozgan Health Center using the checklist of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) archive during the study period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software. A total of 382 scorpions comprising of 9 species belonging to Buthidae (76%) and Hemiscorpiidae (24%) families were collected and identified as Mesobuthus phillipsi, Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta sistanensis, Compsobuthus persicus, Hemiscorpius acanthocercus, Orthochirus farzanpayi, H. acanthocercus, and Odontobuthos sp. The most abundant species in the study area was M. phillipsi. During 2015-2016, a total of 1221 scorpion sting cases including four deaths were recorded in Bashagard County, while most of the cases occurring during summer. The climate of the eastern regions of Hormozgan Province provides a suitable habitat for one of the deadliest genera of scorpions, i.e. Hemiscorpius. This genus is the main cause of death due to scorpion sting in these regions. It is thus necessary to design appropriate programs for the prevention and treatment of scorpion sting, including health education programs for both community members and healthcare personnel.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzy Yousif ◽  
MUHAMMAD IQBAL CHOUDHARY ◽  
SHAKEL AHMED ◽  
QURATULAN AHMED

Abstract. Yousif RA, Choudhary MI, Ahmed S, Ahmed Q. 2020. Review: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish and other aquatic organisms from Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 74-85. Heavy metals are being utilized in a variety of ways in industries, agriculture, food processing and household in many forms. Metals are unique environmental and industrial pollutants in the sense that they are neither created nor destroyed by human beings but are only transported and transformed into various products. The present study deals with the findings of various investigators on the effect of heavy metals on fish and other aquatic organisms on Karachi coasts of Pakistan. The polluted areas (Rivers and Karachi coasts) receiving effluents from industrial, agricultural, municipal and domestic wastes. The order of abundance of the metals were as fellow; Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Most studies showed that essential metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in aquatic organisms are much high, but the quantities of non-essential metals are found to be less. This review has shown that fish and other aquatic organisms are used as bio-monitoring species in heavy metal pollution. It is suggested that such investigations should be continuous in terms of both human health and determination of metal pollution in aquatic environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyama Weerakoon ◽  
Seneviratne Somaratne

Abstract. Weerakoon SR, Somaratne S. 2021. Development of a core collection from Sri Lankan traditional rice (Oryza sativa) varieties for phenotypic and genetic diversity. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 61-67. A collection of over 2000 traditional rice varieties are conserved at Gene Bank, Plant Genetics Resource Center, Sri Lanka. Oryza sativa varieties grown in Sri Lanka from ancient times to the middle of the last century are known as traditional rice. These varieties show adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses and, an important component of biodiversity of Sri Lanka. A detailed understanding of the diversity of traditional rice varieties is essential for effective utilization of rice genetic resources and identification of potential parents possessing valuable genetic traits for future crop improvement. Study objectives were phenotypic and molecular characterization of one-hundred traditional rice varieties and to identify a core collection for phenotypic and genetic diversity. Rice varieties were grown in a plant house following RCBD with 4 replicates and 5 plants per replicate. Thirty-two agro-morphological characters were observed/collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from 20-days-old seedlings. Thirty?three microsatellite (Simple Sequence Repeat-SSR) primer pairs were used to assay genetic variation and PCR products were subjected to fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Descriptive statistics and basic inferential statistical analyses were performed to access variation of agro-morphological characters among rice varieties. Cluster analysis and Multidimensional scaling produced 07 groups which were further analyzed using Classification and Regression Analysis to extract the diagnostic agro-morphological features. Groups of rice varieties were characterized by lemma palea color, awn color at maturity, seedling height, and flag-leaf angle. Traditional varieties represent distant clusters on agro-morphological features. Molecular analyses revealed all 33 loci displayed polymorphism (66.7-96.9%) among 100 traditional rice varieties with a total of 387 alleles identified with an average of 11.72 alleles per variety. All varieties were genetically structured into fifteen well-separated groups. UPGMA analysis based on Jaccard's similarity separated varieties into 05 major clusters. Genetic diversity information is useful in the efficient use of Sri Lankan rice germplasm and managing in situ and ex situ germplasm collections in conserving traditional rice varieties.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Munnalal Gupta ◽  
SOMJIT HOMCHAN

Abstract. Homchan S, Gupta YM. 2020. Short communication: Insect detection using a machine learning model. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 69-73. The key step in characterizing any organisms and their gender highly relies on correct identification of specimens. Here we aim to classify insect and their sex by supervised machine learning (ML) model. In the present preliminary study, we used a newly developed graphical user interface (GUI) based platform to create a machine learning model for classifying two economically important cricket species. This study aims to develop ML model for Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus species classification and sexing. An experimental investigation was conducted to use Google teachable machine GTM for preliminary cricket species detection and sexing using pre-processed 2646 still images. An alternative method for image processing is used to extract still images from high-resolution video for optimum accuracy. Out of the 2646 images, 2247 were used for training ML model and 399 were used for testing the trained model. The prediction accuracy of trained model had 100 % accuracy to identify both species and their sex. The developed trained model can be integrated into the mobile application for cricket species classification and sexing. The present study may guide professionals in the field of life science to develop ML models based on image classification, and serve as an example for researchers and taxonomists to employ machine learning for species classification and sexing in the preliminary analysis. Apart from our main goals, the paper also intends to provide the possibility of ML models in biological studies and to conduct the preliminary assessment of biodiversity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atallah Alenezi ◽  
Khadiga Abd-Elgied Gomea Gomea Hassan ◽  
Tahany El-Sayed El-Sayed Amr ◽  
Abdulellah Alsolais

Abstract. Alenezi AK, Hassan KAG, Amr TEE, Alsolais A. 2021. Impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy on daily living skills of high functioning autistic children with anxiety disorders. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 41-46. Cognitively Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic intervention that is used to improve mental health. It is known to have positive effect on the daily living skills of autistic children with anxiety disorders. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on daily living skills of high functioning autistic children with anxiety disorders. A Quasi-experimental research design was adopted in this research. A purposive sample of 100 autistic children (50 in intervention group and 50 in control group) aged between 7-8 years were included in this study. Three main tools were used: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale used to measure the everyday living skills of children, Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (PACHIQ), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) for assessing anxiety disorder in children and adolescents 6-18 years. The results showed an improvement in children’s daily life skills and slight reductions in caregiver’s participation in the daily life skills of children. There was a significant difference between intervention group and control groups (p < 0.001). The current results exhibit that CBT may help in increasing autistic children's independence towards daily living skills.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Dhakal ◽  
Sushank Khanal ◽  
Meena Pandey

Abstract. Dhakal A, Khanal S, Pandey M. 2021. Ethnoveterinary practice of medicinal plants in Chhatradev Rural Municipality, Arghakhanchi District of Western Nepal. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 29-40. The use of medicinal plants is a traditional system in treating domestic animals in Nepal. This study was done to investigate and document knowledge about using different plants with medicinal value to cure different animal ailments in Chhatradev Rural Municipality, Arghakhanchi district of western Nepal. A total of 100 elderly people rearing domestic animals and having traditional knowledge of ethnoveterinary plants were selected for interview. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed, and interviews were conducted for addressing detailed ethnoveterinary information. The uses of 103 plant species belonging to 56 families were documented for the treatment of 21 animal ailments. Fabaceae was found to be a dominant family with 10 plant species followed by Poaceae (8 species). The most commonly used plant parts were leaf, seed, and fruit. Herbs were dominant with 44 plant species followed by trees (32 species), shrubs (14 species), and climbers (13 species). The wide application of the medicinal plants as the form of paste formulation was observed for 41 plant species, while 25 plant species were used as powder formulation followed by Juice (21 species), raw (20 species), decoction (19 species), infusion (5 species), and roasted formulation (3 species). Oral route was the most common route followed by dermal and ocular. It was found that the informant consensus factor (ICF) values varied from 0.858 to 0.96. A high informant consensus factor was found for ailment of reproductive category (0.96) followed by respiratory (0.957), gastrointestinal (0.949) while the least was in urinary problem category (0.858). The highest citation frequency was found for Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (247) followed by Myristica fragrans Houtt. (111), Sesamum indicum L. (109), Saccharum officinarum L. (107) and Zea mays L. (97). The wide use and rich knowledge of ethnoveterinary practice were found in the study area. This study might be handy to discover useful ethnopharmaceutical agents applicable in the livestock industry. Conservation programs should be done from the government level and study on the use of medicinal plants for treating animal diseases is recommended.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Peti Virgianti

Abstract. Virgianti DP. 2020. Short Communication: Serratia rubidaea as contaminant in laboratory environment. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 47-51. There have been many cases of bacterial contamination in the laboratory. The bacterial genera identified as contaminants are Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Shigella and Serratia. These bacteria are classified as non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria that can interfere with the test and potentially develop false-positive results. The present research has shown that red-colored contaminant bacteria develop in unused sterile media in our laboratory. Based on related information, Serratia marcescens is a red bacterial species that have been reported as a contaminant in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to identifiy contaminant bacteria at the molecular level. Based on the phylogenetic characterization using the 16S rDNA gene region, this red contaminant bacterium was identified as Serratia rubidaea.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Haeidari ◽  
DAVOOD KESHAVARZI ◽  
Parviz Owlia ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
ATIYEH RAFINEJAD ◽  
...  

Abstract. Haeidari A, Keshavarzi D, Owlia P, Vatandoost H, Rafinejad A, Rafinejad J. 2020. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections from houseflies and determining their susceptibility to poison bait. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 24-28. Nosocomial infections represent a serious public health concern in developing countries. Houseflies are one of the most common household pests carrying different pathogenic organisms. The purpose of this study was to isolate and enumerate bacteria species from house flies and to determine their susceptibility to Agita® fly bait. Flies were collected from two hospital environments between July to December 2014, in Yazd Province of Iran. Bacterial species were isolated from the outer surfaces of flies, and Agita® efficacy was evaluated based on lethal time (LT50) after 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 minutes. Three species of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) responsible for nosocomial infections have been isolated and enumerated from flies. Among the 30 flies collected, 17, 24, and 3 flies were contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus, and Ps. aeruginosa, respectively. The minimum number of isolated bacteria was 3 × 102 CFU/mL, whereas the highest number was 2.4 × 105 CFU/mL. The susceptibility results showed that, despite the existence of a significant effect for heterogeneity in both field and laboratory strains (p-value ˂ 0/05) and an increase in the mortality of houseflies during the time, there was no significant difference between two strains regarding the efficacy of Agita® against houseflies. The findings of the present study revealed and confirmed that houseflies have an important role in the spread of nosocomial infections in hospital environments, and they are susceptible to Agita® fly bait.


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