scholarly journals The Effect of Ankle Balance Dual Task Including Motor Training on Static Balance and Dynamic Balance in the Elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seoung-Uk Park ◽  
Yong-Ho Cho ◽  
Yoon-Tae Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Static Balance

Effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic and static balance of older adults under single, dual and multi-task conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Allahverdipour ◽  
Iman Dianat ◽  
Galavizh Mameh ◽  
mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Single Versus

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic and static balance of older adults under single, dual and multi-task conditions. Methods: The effects of single versus combined (dual-task and multi-task) cognitive (to speak out the name of the weekdays in a reverse order) and physical (with three levels including handling weights of 1kg, 2kg and 3kg in each hand) loads on dynamic and static balance of 42 older adults (21 males and 21 females), aged ≥ 60 years were studied. Dynamic and static balance measures were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and stabilometer (sway index) tests, respectively. Results: The TUG speed of female participants was generally slower than that of male participants. Cognitive task influenced the participants’ dynamic balance during the dual-task conditions, while the static balance was not affected in this phase. The dynamic and static balance measures were more influenced when performing the multi-tasks than when doing the dual-tasks. The effects of various levels of physical demand on the dynamic balance varied greatly under dual- and multi-task conditions. Conclusions: The findings add to the understanding of the factors influencing the elderly balance and control under cognitive and physical functioning.

scholarly journals Concussion History and Balance Performance in Adolescent Rugby Union Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652199870
Author(s):  
Mark Matthews ◽  
William Johnston ◽  
Chris M. Bleakley ◽  
Richard J. Davies ◽  
Alan T. Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Rugby Players

Background: Sports-related concussion is a worldwide problem. There is a concern that an initial concussion can cause prolonged subclinical disturbances to sensorimotor function that increase the risk of subsequent injury. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a history of sports-related concussion has effects on static and dynamic balance performance in adolescent rugby players. Hypothesis: Dynamic balance would be worse in players with a history of concussion compared with those with no history of concussion. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Male adolescent rugby players aged 14 to 18 years from 5 schools were recruited before the start of the 2018-2019 playing season. Participants completed questionnaires and physical tests, including dynamic Y balance and single-leg static balance (eyes closed) tests, while performing single and dual tasks. Dynamic balance was assessed using inertial sensor instrumentation. Dependent variables were normalized reach distance and the sample entropy (SEn) of the 3 axes ( x, y, and z). Results: Of the 195 participants, 100 reported a history of concussion. Those with a history of concussion demonstrated higher SEn in all directions, with highest values during anterior (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.4; 95% CI, 0.0-0.7; P = .027) and posteromedial (SMD, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9; P = .004) reach directions compared with those with no history. There was no difference between groups (concussion history vs control) in traditional Y balance reach distances in the anterior or posteromedial directions or single-leg static balance during both single- ( P = .47) and dual-task ( P = .67) conditions. Conclusion: Adolescent rugby union athletes with a history of concussion had poorer dynamic balance during performance tasks compared with healthy controls. Static single-leg balance tests, either single or dual task, may not be sensitive enough to detect sensorimotor deficits in those with a history of concussion.

Effects of Cognitive and Physical Loads on Dynamic and Static Balance Performance of Healthy Older Adults Under Single-, Dual-, and Multi-task Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082092462
Author(s):  
Hamid Allahverdipour ◽  
Iman Dianat ◽  
Galavizh Mameh ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Physical Task ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
And Control

Objective The aim of this study is to examine the effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic and static balance performance of healthy older adults under single-, dual-, and multi-task conditions. Background Previous studies on postural control in older adults have generally used dual-task methodology, whereas less attention has been paid to multi-task performance, despite its importance in many daily and occupational activities. Method The effects of single versus combined (dual-task and multi-task) cognitive (to speak out the name of the weekdays in a reverse order) and physical (with three levels including handling weights of 1, 2, and 3 kg in each hand) loads on dynamic and static balance performance of 42 older adults (21 males and 21 females) aged ≥60 years were examined. Dynamic and static balance measures were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and stabilometer (sway index) tests, respectively. Results The TUG speed of female participants was generally slower than that of male participants. Age had no effect on balance performance measures. Under dual-task conditions, cognitive load decreased the dynamic balance performance, while the physical task levels had no effect. The dual-task conditions had no impact on the static balance performance. The effects of cognitive and physical loads on dynamic balance performance varied under dual- and multi-task conditions. Conclusion The findings highlight differences between dual- and multi-task protocols and add to the understanding of balance performance in older adults under cognitive and physical loads. Application The present study highlights differences between dual- and multi-task methodologies that need to be considered in future studies of balance and control in older adults.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stability Exercises on Balance and Walking Function in the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hani Mansori ◽  
◽  
Yousef Moghadas Tabrizi ◽  
Kamal Mohammadkhani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Gait Function

Objectives: Walking and balance control are determining factors in the independence of the elderly because they are the main components of daily physical activity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stability (DNS) training on balance and gait function in the elderly. Methods: This study had a pre-test/post-test design. It was a quasi-experimental study performed on 30 older men aged 60-70 years in Qom Province, Iran, in 2021. The elderly was randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The Experimental Group (EG) participated in three 45-min sessions of dynamic neuromuscular stability training every week for 6 weeks, and the Control Group (CG) continued their normal daily routine. Berg balance scale (dynamic balance), modified stork stand (static balance), and temporal and spatial gait parameters were used to collect information before and after applying the training protocol. The obtained data were analyzed using ANCOVA statistical method and the paired t test. Results: There were significant differences between pre-test and post-test in EG regarding the variables of dynamic balance, static balance (P=0.001), and gait function, but in the CG, no significant difference was observed for these variables (P>0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the mean scores obtained in the balance and gait tests between the two groups (P<0.05), and EG performed better in the post-test. Discussion: DNS training due to the great variety of movement in different parts of the body and the effect on improving strength, flexibility, range of motion, and physical fitness can also improve balance and gait function in the elderly. According to the present study results, one of the best ways to reduce the costs and physical, psychological, and social problems caused by aging is to use DNS training for the elderly.

scholarly journals Cortical correlates in upright dynamic and static balance in the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rubega ◽  
Emanuela Formaggio ◽  
Roberto Di Marco ◽  
Margherita Bertuccelli ◽  
Stefano Tortora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Motor Strategy

AbstractFalls are the second most frequent cause of injury in the elderly. Physiological processes associated with aging affect the elderly’s ability to respond to unexpected balance perturbations, leading to increased fall risk. Every year, approximately 30% of adults, 65 years and older, experiences at least one fall. Investigating the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the control of static and dynamic balance in the elderly is an emerging research area. The study aimed to identify cortical and muscular correlates during static and dynamic balance tests in a cohort of young and old healthy adults. We recorded cortical and muscular activity in nine elderly and eight younger healthy participants during an upright stance task in static and dynamic (core board) conditions. To simulate real-life dual-task postural control conditions, the second set of experiments incorporated an oddball visual task. We observed higher electroencephalographic (EEG) delta rhythm over the anterior cortex in the elderly and more diffused fast rhythms (i.e., alpha, beta, gamma) in younger participants during the static balance tests. When adding a visual oddball, the elderly displayed an increase in theta activation over the sensorimotor and occipital cortices. During the dynamic balance tests, the elderly showed the recruitment of sensorimotor areas and increased muscle activity level, suggesting a preferential motor strategy for postural control. This strategy was even more prominent during the oddball task. Younger participants showed reduced cortical and muscular activity compared to the elderly, with the noteworthy difference of a preferential activation of occipital areas that increased during the oddball task. These results support the hypothesis that different strategies are used by the elderly compared to younger adults during postural tasks, particularly when postural and cognitive tasks are combined. The knowledge gained in this study could inform the development of age-specific rehabilitative and assistive interventions.

scholarly journals Balance Comparison between Iranian Elderly with and without Knee Range of Motion Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Lohrasbipeydeh ◽  
Soh Kim Geok ◽  
Roxana Dev Omar Dev ◽  
Seyedali Ahrari ◽  
Ong Swee Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Eyes Open

This study compares the static eye movement (eyes open and eyes closed) and dynamic balance amongst Iranian elderly with and without knee range of motion (ROM) limitations. The method used was a quasi-experimental before/after study. The participants consisted of 30 older Iranian adults, aged 60 or more (10 females and 20 males across two groups of 15 in each group) who were evaluated using the Sharpened Romberg (SR), Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. An independent t-test was used to compare the descriptive characteristics of the two groups of the elderly. The findings showed substantial alterations in all the measured components between the subjects. The static balance with an open eye (p = 0.028) and closed eye (p = 0.021), as well as the dynamic balance (p = 0.009) between the elderly with and without the limitation of knee ROM, was substantially different. Moving forward, the findings of this study suggested that the balance of the elderly was directly linked to knee ROM, as the elderly without limitations of knee ROM displayed greater stability than the elderly with limitations of knee ROM. Health care practitioners should also understand the ROM of the knee, as individuals with ROM limitations of the knee are more likely to fall due to underlying disorders associated with their balance.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Balance Exercises (Frenkel) and Aerobic Exercises (Walking) on Improving Balance in the Elderly

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Vafaeenasab ◽  
Athareh Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad ◽  
Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayande ◽  
Hossein Abbaszade Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
T Test ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Romberg Test

Introduction: Balance in the elderly is one of the important issues, and imbalance can create irreparable problems for the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Frenkel balance exercise and aerobic exercise (walking) on improving the balance of elderly patients in Kerman province in 2016-2017.  Methods: We used a randomized block design, with 4 participants in each block; 48 elderly men and women living in the nursing homes of Kerman province were randomly assigned to two groups, balance (Frenkel) exercises and aerobic exercises (walking). The two groups performed Frenkel exercises and aerobic exercises (walking) for three 10- to 15-min sessions a week for five weeks. The balance time using the Sharpened Romberg test was recorded to measure static balance and the Get Up and Go test used to measure dynamic balance before and after the exercise program. To describe the variables studied, central tendency indicators and dispersion were used. Paired t-test was used to compare the time of balance before and after intervention and independent t-test to compare changes in balance time between two groups. Results: The mean static balance (with Sharpend Römberg test) was increased from 3.16 s to 6.01 s in Frenkel exercise, and from 3.33 s to 4.95 s in aerobic training group, indicating an improvement in the static balance after intervention. The mean time of dynamic balance (in the Get Up and Go test) during Frenkel exercise reduced from 17.07 s to 12.03 s, and during aerobic training from 17.08 s to 10.9 seconds, indicating an improvement in dynamic balance (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the mean changes in the duration of dynamic and static balance before and after intervention in the two groups. Conclusion: Both Frenkel exercise and walking equally improve static and dynamic balance in the elderly in different settings.

scholarly journals Cortical Correlates in Upright Dynamic and Static Balance in the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rubega ◽  
Emanuela Formaggio ◽  
Roberto Di Marco ◽  
Margherita Bertuccelli ◽  
Manuela Cattelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Motor Strategy ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Visual Oddball ◽  
Muscular Activation

Abstract Falls are the second leading cause of injury for the elderly worldwide. Physiological aging processes alter the ability to address unexpected balance perturbations and increase the probability of falling. Indeed, approximately 30% of adults older than 65 years experiences up to one fall/year. Investigating the neurophysiological patterns of static and dynamic balance in the elderly is an emerging area of research. This knowledge will provide a mechanistic basis to implement novel rehabilitation strategies and assistive devices to eventually reduce the risk of falls. Our aim was to identify cortical and muscular correlates of static and dynamic balance in a cohort of younger and old healthy adults. We quantified cortical and muscular activation in 9 elderly and 8 younger healthy participants during a task of upright stance in static and dynamic (core board) conditions. To simulate real-life double-tasking while maintaining posture, a second set of experiments incorporated a visual oddball task. During static balance, we observed high electroencephalographic (EEG) delta rhythm over the anterior cortex in the elderly and more diffused fast rhythms (i.e., alpha, beta, gamma band) in younger participants. By adding a visual oddball, the elderly increased theta activation over sensorimotor and occipital cortices. During dynamic balance, the elderly recruited sensorimotor areas and increased muscle co-contraction, suggesting a preferen- tial motor strategy to maintain posture. This strategy was exasperated during the oddball task. The younger participants showed an overall reduced cortical and muscular activation compared to the elderly, with the noteworthy difference of a preferential activation of occipital areas reinforced during the oddball task, hinting to a likely visual strategy to maintain dynamic balance. These results support the hypothesis of a different strategy during the life-span in addressing postural tasks as cognitive load increases. This knowledge will aid in tailoring age-specific rehabilitative and assistive interventions.

scholarly journals Effects of regular exercise on functional fitness of community elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Tsui-Er Lee
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Community Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

This study aims to discuss the effect and the retention effect of regular exercise on functional fitness of community elderly. Total 65 community elderly aged above 65 (77.03±6.41 years old) who voluntarily participate in this study are selected as the research subjects. Functional fitness pretest is practiced before the regular exercise intervention, the posttest is preceded in the 12th week, and the retention test is preceded in the 24th week. The results show that the functional fitness test, after the 12-week regular exercise intervention, reveals that males make significant progress in upper/lower limb strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, static balance, upper limb flexibility, agility and dynamic balance and females appear remarkable progress in upper limb strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, static balance, upper limb flexibility, agility and dynamic balance. Regular exercise could remarkably promote functional fitness of the elderly. In this case, designing community fitness programs as long-term continuous activity would promote and maintain fitness.

scholarly journals Connection between Static and Dynamic Balance during Dual Task Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Drozdova-Statkevičienė ◽  
Alina Nemeravičiūtė ◽  
Vida Janina Česnaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Research background. There are up to 60 percent of community dwelling elderly people which experience falls due to cognitive impairment. It also affects the motor function, especially the balance control. In everyday life, it is often necessary to perform several motor and cognitive tasks at the same time, therefore, the relationship between the risk of falling and cognitive function is very close. A very noticeable change in cognitive function can lead to inappropriate decision making, attention disturbances, which can increase the risk of falls. The aim of the research. To assess the interaction between community dwelling elderly people balance control and cognitive functions. Methods. The evaluation of static balance using “Kistler” platform, the evaluation of dynamic balance with the “Timed Up & Go” test, dual task method. Results. The results showed that the maintenance of static balance deteriorated while performing a cognitive task at the same time in community dwelling people. Dynamic balance control also deteriorated in elderly people while performing a cognitive task, and the subjects went slower 3 meters under such conditions. A cognitive task signifcantly prolonged “Timed Up & Go” test results of dynamic balance. A signifcant interaction between static and dynamic balance control was found while performing a cognitive task. Conclusions. 1) static balance control of the community dwelling elderly people statistically signifcantly deteriorated while performing cognitive task, without visual feedback and also in romberg’s standing position; 2) dynamic balance control of the community dwelling elderly people statistically signifcantly deteriorated while performing cognitive task; 3) a statistically signifcant direct relation was found between static and dynamic balance behaviour while performing a cognitive task in both cases, the balance control is deteriorating.Keywords: balance control, older age, static balance, dynamic balance.

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