scholarly journals Bioactivity of Cicuta virosa L. var. latisecta Celak. (Umbelliferae: Cicutal) against Red Imported Fire Ant under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Sociobiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Yong-Qing Tian ◽  
Dong-Mei Cheng ◽  
Zhi-Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Imported Fire Ants ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ants

We evaluated the bioactivities of compounds from Cicuta virosa L. var. latisecta Celak. against red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) under field and laboratory conditions. The compounds were as follows: methanol extract; petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions from the methanol extract; and the active compound isoimperatorin, which was isolated from the chloroform-fraction. The 7 d LC50 values of the methanol extract, petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions and isoimperatorin toward micrergates were 111.20, 214.45, 40.90, 569.67, and 25.73 mg/kg, res­pectively. The corresponding LC50 values toward macrergates were 155.78, 308.38, 75.01, 776.75, and 42.77 mg/kg, res­pectively. Under field conditions, baits containing 0.2% methanol extract, 0.1% chloroform fraction, and 0.05% isoimperatorin efficiently controlled S. invicta, with effectiveness percentages of 95.56%, 97.78%, and 95.56%, respectively on the 30th day after bait application. Such effectiveness percentages were not significantly different from that obtained using the positive control fipronil. The present study showed that C. virosa L. var. latisecta has potential as a natural control agent for the red imported fire ants.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF LANNEA KERSTINGII ENGL & K. KRAUSE (ANACADIACEAE)

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 004-009
Author(s):  
Njinga NS ◽  
Sule MI ◽  
Pateh UU ◽  
Hassan HS ◽  
Ahmad MM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

AbstractThe phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and crude methanol extracts, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the leaves of Lannea kerstingii were investigated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids and triterpenes in the petroleum ether extract, steroid, triterpene, flavonoids and tannins in both crude methanol extract and chloroform fraction while the ethyl acetate fraction contained only flavonoids and tannins. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 17.00 to 21.03, 20.10 to 25.24, 25.32 to 34.02 and 22.28 to 27.20 mm for petroleum ether extract, methanol extract, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration was between 5 and 10mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the petroleum ether and methanol extract respectively, and between 2.5 and 5 mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the acetate fractions. The minimum bactericidal concentration for all the extracts was 40mg/ml respectively except for chloroform fraction which ranged from 20 to 40mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration for all the extracts was found to be 40mg/ml respectively. This result indicates the broad spectrum antimicrobial potential of L. Kerstingii and justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Akanda (Calotropis gigantea L.) on Some Pathogenic Bacteria.

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ashraful Alam ◽  
M Rowshanul Habib ◽  
Rarjana Nikkon ◽  
Matiar Rahman ◽  
M Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Petroleum Ether Fraction ◽  
Ether Fraction

The antibacterial activity of methanol extract from the root bark of Akanda (Calotropis gigantea L.) and its petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were investigated. Both of methanol extract and its chloroform fraction showed activity against Sarcina lutea, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Petroleum ether fraction showed activity against Bacillus subtilis and Shigella sonnei whereas ethyl acetate fraction showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at 20ìg/disc, 30ìg/disc and 40ìg/disc doses. Among the tested materials, methanol extract and its chloroform fraction showed comparatively better results. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for methanol extract and each fraction were also determined by serial dilution technique. Keywords: Methanol extract, Akonda (Calotropis gigantea), Petroleum ether fraction, Chloroform fraction and Ethyl acetate fraction.   DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1156Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 397-404, 2008

scholarly journals Red Imported Fire Ants and Their Impacts on Wildlife

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Willcox ◽  
William M. Giuliano
Keyword(s):  
Solenopsis Invicta ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Solenopsis Geminata ◽  
Wildlife Ecology ◽  
Imported Fire Ants ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ants ◽  
Imported Fire Ant

Two species of fire ant are found in Florida, the notorious red imported fire ant (RIFA; Solenopsis invicta; Figure 1) and the less common native fire ant (Solenopsis geminata). This document is WEC 207 and one of a series of the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, UF/IFAS Extension. First published: April 2006.

Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Triflumezopyrim Against Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Qiuhong Tao ◽  
Jiayi Li ◽  
Yijuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Invasive Ants ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Imported Fire Ants ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ants ◽  
Imported Fire Ant

Abstract The use of insecticide remains the frontline method in controlling red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), one of the worst invasive ants in the world. Neonicotinoids are effective ingredients in toxic baits for suppressing S. invicta population. To search for new and effective insecticides, the toxicity and sublethal effects of triflumezopyrim, a novel neonicotinoid analog, were evaluated against S. invicta. No high mortality of ants was observed after they fed on sugar water containing 120 μg/ml triflumezopyrim for 72 h; however, 100% mortality was achieved after ants fed on sugar water containing 10 μg/ml triflumezopyrim for 2 wk. Furthermore, at 10 μg/ml, triflumezopyrim did not inhibit ant food consumption within the 7-d treatment period. These results indicate that triflumezopyrim is a slow acting toxin and may be qualified as bait toxin for managing red imported fire ants. At 1 μg/ml, triflumezopyrim did not cause any significant effect on colony growth within 56 d and did not inhibit the food consumption during the whole trial period. At 10 μg/ml, triflumezopyrim displayed a significant reduction of aggressiveness during confrontation with native ants, resulting in higher mortality than the ants in the control. However, at 1 μg/ml, triflumezopyrim did not show any significant impact on both aggressiveness and mortality of the red imported fire ants.

Impacts of Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Striped Pine Scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) Populations

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Clarke ◽  
Gary L. DeBarr
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Solenopsis Invicta Buren ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Imported Fire Ants ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ants ◽  
Imported Fire Ant

Loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., were banded in three seed orchards in Georgia to prevent the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), from tending infestations of striped pine scales, Toumeyella pini (King). Ant activity had no effect on female scale insect survival as numbers per shoot were never significantly different between check and banded trees in any of the orchards. Parasitism of females rarely differed between treatments, with higher rates twice in one orchard on unbanded trees and once in another orchard on banded trees. There also appeared to be no treatment effects on predator numbers. Coincident populations of the mealybug Oracella acuta (Lobdell) and the woolly pine scale, Pseudophilippia quaintancii Cockerell, on the shoots also were unaffected by the presence of fire ants.

scholarly journals Fumigation Activity of Essential Oil of Cinnamonum Loureirii Against Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis Invicta) Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanling Xing ◽  
Yingqi Hu ◽  
Liupeng Yang ◽  
Jianhao Lin ◽  
Haiyi Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Imported Fire Ants ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ants

Abstract The high toxicity, long-lasting residues, and resistance to chemical pesticides and baits used in the control of red imported fire ants could possibly harm human health and ecological balance. Natural compounds would be an excellent source of pesticides because of their good repellency and insecticidal properties. In this study, the fumigation method was used to study the insecticidal effects of essential oils from the bark and leaves of Cinnamomum loureirii Nees on red imported fire ants at different concentrations and fumigation time. The fumigation time with C. loureirii essential oils was positively correlated with the knockdown ability and mortality in red imported fire ants and was negatively correlated with grasping ability. The insecticidal activity of the essential oil extracted from C. loureirii leaves was significantly higher than that of the essential oils extracted from bark at effective concentrations. Cinnamyl acetate, an abundant component in leaf essential oil, plays an important role in improving the insecticidal activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of cinnamon leaf oil as a new environmentally friendly insecticide resource for the control of red imported fire ants.

Rate of Removal of Fenoxycarb (Logic®) Fire Ant Bait by Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Treated Pastures

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Ferguson ◽  
Alan J. Hosmer ◽  
Michael E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Solenopsis Invicta Buren ◽  
Imported Fire Ants ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ants

Field studies were conducted in Vero Beach, FL, in November 1993 and 1994 to determine the rate of removal of Logic® fire ant bait by red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, from treated improved pastures of bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum Fluegge. Logic® fire ant bait was applied at the maximum label rate of 1.68 kg/ha (16.8 g ai/ha). In 1993, fire ants had removed approximately 35% of the granules by 4 h after application and about 67% by 12 h. By 24 h, 82% had been removed. By the last count (48 h after application) about 95% had been removed. In 1994, the granules were removed slightly faster, with about 60% removed by 4 h and 92% by 24 h after application. Nearly 97% of the granules had been removed by the last count (30 h after application). In 1993, several mounds of the ant, Dorymyrmex bureni Trager, were found in the test area while in 1994 only red imported fire ant mounds were present. The results indicate that Logic® fire ant bait is found and harvested very rapidly by fire ant workers under favorable foraging conditions and that a dose which will provide effective population reduction can be obtained in 12 to 24 h after application at 1.68 kg/ha. Additionally, with its low use rate, specificity to certain insects and rapid removal by fire ants, Logic® fire ant bait when used according to label poses minimal risk to non-target organisms.

scholarly journals The Yemeni Brown Algae Dictyota dichotoma Exhibit High In Vitro Anticancer Activity Independent of Its Antioxidant Capability

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina El-Shaibany ◽  
Molham AL-Habori ◽  
Tareq Al-Maqtari ◽  
Hassan Al-Mahbashi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Dictyota Dichotoma ◽  
Mcf 7

The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer and antioxidant activities as well as the safety of the brown algae Dictyota dichotoma of the Western seacoast of Yemen. Cytotoxicity of methanol extract of D. dichotoma and several of its fractions, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous extracts against seven different cancer cell lines was determined by crystal violet staining. The antioxidant activity was also assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Acute toxicity study was performed on rats at increasing doses of the methanol extract. Extracts of D. dichotoma exerted a significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity on the seven tumor cell lines but were generally more selective on MCF-7 and PC-3. Among all fractions, the chloroform fraction of the D. dichotoma displayed the highest cytotoxic activity and was most effective in MCF-7, PC3, and CACO cells (IC50 = 1.93 ± 0.25, 2.2 ± 0.18, and 2.71 ± 0.53 μg/mL, respectively). The petroleum ether fraction was also effective, particularly against MCF-7 and PC-3 (IC50 = 4.77 ± 0.51 and 3.93 ± 0.51 μg/mL, respectively) whereas the activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was more pronounced against HepG2 and CACO (IC50 = 5.06 ± 0.21 and 5.06 ± 0.23 μg/mL, respectively). Of all the extracts tested, the crude methanolic extract of the algae exhibited only a modest antioxidant potential (IC50 = 204.6 ± 8.3 μg/mL). Doses as high as 5000 mg/kg body weight of D. dichotoma methanolic extracts were safe and well tolerated by rats. The overall results showed that D. dichotoma exhibited a significant cytotoxic activity probably due to the occurrence of nonpolar cytotoxic compounds, which is independent of its antioxidant capability.

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