scholarly journals Glandular Secretions of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): A Review on Extraction, Chemical Characterization and Antibiotic Potential

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Carin Guarda ◽  
Junir Antonio Lutinski
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Ant Behavior ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions

Ants live under ideal microclimatic conditions for the development of microorganisms. As mechanisms to ensure the health of the colony and as a defense strategy, these insects developed exocrine glands that work in the production of antibiotics (chemical defense) and in the immune defense of the colony. This study aimed to describe the state-of-the-art on extraction methods, chemical characterization and the antibiotic potential of glandular secretions of ants. This is a review of the scientific literature between 1989 and 2017. A total of 52 articles were selected. These addressed the behavior, chemical characterization, the antimicrobial effect and evaluated methods of extraction. The most investigated genera are Atta, Acromyrmexand Crematogaster. The glands most reported in the articles involving extraction of secretions were Dufour, mandibular and metapleural. The most reported methods of extraction were gland maceration and extraction with (organic) solvents and direct extraction of the gland. Most studies evaluated secretions with respect to ant behavior. There is a paucityin the literature about the chemical characterization of most glandular secretions of ants, as well as for most taxa. The same deficiency is observed with regard to prospecting the antibiotic and antifungal potential of these secretions. for most taxa. The same deficiency is observed with regard to prospecting the antibiotic and antifungal potential of these secretions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Glucomannan Extracted from Fresh Porang Tubers Using Ethanol Technical Grade

Molekul ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nurlela Nurlela ◽  
Nina Ariesta ◽  
Dwi Sutari Laksono ◽  
Edi Santosa ◽  
Tjahja Muhandri
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Fixed Concentration ◽  
Low Levels

Glucomannan is a polysaccharide consisting of β-1.4-linked D-mannose and D-glucose monomers, which have many benefits especially in the food and pharmaceutical industry. It has been widely reported that one of the main sources of glucomannan is porang tuber (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume). Generally, glucomannan extracted or purified from porang flour. However, the drying process causes other compounds than glucomannan stick strongly, resulting low levels of glucomannan. This study was to obtain glucomannan extract in an easy, effective, and inexpensive method, by direct extraction from fresh porang tubers using ethanol technical grade. We performed two extraction methods. The first is a fixed concentration method, the sample was repeatedly extracted using 50% ethanol (FC50) and 96% ethanol (FC96) 3 times, respectively. The second is a multilevel concentration method, the sample was repeatedly extracted using ethanol 60% (first step), 80% (second step), and 96% (third step), one replication each step. The highest glucomannan content (66.56%) was obtained by a multilevel concentration method. Moisture, lipid, protein, crude fiber, calcium oxalate level significantly reduce to 13.58%, 0.07%, 4.03%, 4.95%, 0.56% respectively. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups (O-H, C=O, C-O, C-H), that compose the glucomannan compound. SEM image showed that the granules form of glucomannan were round and oval, began to change its phase from amorphous to crystalline, related to XRD data. The results showed that the direct extraction from fresh porang tuber using ethanol technical grade with a multilevel concentration method was an effective method to extract the glucomannan

scholarly journals Atmospheric Deposition: Sampling Procedures, Analytical Methods, and Main Recent Findings from the Scientific Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amodio ◽  
S. Catino ◽  
P. R. Dambruoso ◽  
G. de Gennaro ◽  
A. Di Gilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Sampling Procedures

The atmosphere is a carrier on which some natural and anthropogenic organic and inorganic chemicals are transported, and the wet and dry deposition events are the most important processes that remove those chemicals, depositing it on soil and water. A wide variety of different collectors were tested to evaluate site-specificity, seasonality and daily variability of settleable particle concentrations. Deposition fluxes of POPs showed spatial and seasonal variations, diagnostic ratios of PAHs on deposited particles, allowed the discrimination between pyrolytic or petrogenic sources. Congener pattern analysis and bulk deposition fluxes in rural sites confirmed long-range atmospheric transport of PCDDs/Fs. More and more sophisticated and newly designed deposition samplers have being used for characterization of deposited mercury, demonstrating the importance of rain scavenging and the relatively higher magnitude of Hg deposition from Chinese anthropogenic sources. Recently biological monitors demonstrated that PAH concentrations in lichens were comparable with concentrations measured in a conventional active sampler in an outdoor environment. In this review the authors explore the methodological approaches used for the assessment of atmospheric deposition, from the analysis of the sampling methods, the analytical procedures for chemical characterization of pollutants and the main results from the scientific literature.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Lavandula angustifolia Mill. WHICH IS A PHYTOCOSMETIC SPECIES AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslıhan Cesur Turgut ◽  
Fatih Mehmet EMEN ◽  
Hale Seçilmiş Canbay ◽  
Ruken Esra Demirdöğen ◽  
Neslihan Çam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia

scholarly journals Neutrons for Cultural Heritage—Techniques, Sensors, and Detection

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Festa ◽  
Giovanni Romanelli ◽  
Roberto Senesi ◽  
Laura Arcidiacono ◽  
Claudia Scatigno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Advances in research in Cultural Heritage see increasing application of a multidisciplinary approach and the combined use of physical and chemical characterization of artefacts that can be used to define their structure and their state of conservation, also providing valuable information in selecting the most suitable microclimatic conditions for the exhibition environment. This approach provides a platform for a synergic collaboration amongst researchers, restorers, conservators, and archaeologists. Existing state-of-the-art technologies for neutron-based methods are currently being applied to the study of objects of historical and cultural interest in several neutron-beam facilities around the world. Such techniques are non-invasive and non-destructive and are, therefore, ideal to provide structural information about artefacts, such as their composition, presence of alterations due to the environmental conditions, inclusions, structure of the bulk, manufacturing techniques, and elemental composition, which provide an overall fingerprint of the object’s characteristics, thanks to the nature of the interaction of neutrons with matter. Here, we present an overview of the main neutron methods for the characterization of materials of interest in Cultural Heritage and we provide a brief introduction to the sensors and detectors that are used in this framework. We conclude with some case studies underlining the impact of these applications in different archaeological and historical contexts.

Olfactory and Chemical Characterization of Indoor Air-Towards a Psychophysical Model for Air Quality

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Berglund ◽  
Ulf Berglund ◽  
Thomas Lindvall ◽  
Helene Nicander-Bredberg
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Chemical Characterization

PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SHEEP NEUROPHYSIN

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Chrétien ◽  
Claude Gilardeau
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Determination ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Partial Chemical ◽  
Acid Determination

ABSTRACT A protein isolated from ovine pituitary glands has been purified, and its homogeneity assessed by NH2- and COOH-terminal amino acid determination, ultracentrifugation studies, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after carboxymethylation. Its chemical and immunochemical properties are closely similar to those of beef and pork neurophysins, less similar to those of human neurophysins. It contains no tryptophan (like other neurophysins) or histidine (like all except bovine neurophysin-I and human neurophysins). It has alanine at the NH2-terminus and valine at the COOH-terminus. Its amino acid composition is similar to, but not identical with those of porcine and bovine neurophysins.

Characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soils by hot water percolation (HWP)

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takács ◽  
Gy. Füleky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Soil Humic Acid

The Hot Water Percolation (HWP) technique for preparing soil extracts has several advantages: it is easily carried out, fast, and several parameters can be measured from the same solution. The object of this study was to examine the possible use of HWP extracts for the characterization of soil organic matter. The HPLC-SEC chromatograms, UV-VIS and fluorescence properties of the HWP extracts were studied and the results were compared with those of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Soil Humic Acid (HA), IHSS Soil Fulvic Acid (FA) and IHSS Suwannee Natural Organic Matter (NOM) standards as well as their HA counterparts isolated by traditional extraction methods from the original soil samples. The DOM of the HWP solution is probably a mixture of organic materials, which have some characteristics similar to the Soil FA fractions and NOM. The HWP extracted organic material can be studied and characterized using simple techniques, like UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy.

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