scholarly journals Experimental Study on Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of PFI Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with E30 Equivalent Binary and Ternary GEM Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Sk. FAROOQ ◽  
D. VINAY KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Constant Load ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Blended Fuels

This work presents the concept of ternary blends of gasoline, ethanol and methanol (GEM) in which stoichiometric air to fuel ratio is controlled to 13.2, same as that of conventional binary E30 (Gasoline 70% + Ethanol 30% (v/v)) fuel blend. The formulated E30 equivalent ternary blends have approximately the same energy density, lower heating value and octane number as target binary E30 blend such that they can be a drop-in alternative to it. The experimental work was performed to investigate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of PFI SI engine using E30 equivalent GEM blends. The engine tests were conducted at constant load while varying the engine speed from 1700 to 3300 rpm by varying the throttle position. The performance, emission and combustion results were measured and compared with pure gasoline. The results show that formulated GEM blends have similar brake thermal efficiency, in-cylinder pressure and net heat release as binary E30 blend and are improved when compared to pure gasoline. It is also noted that exhaust emissions such as Carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) show decreased values and increase in Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) for blended fuels compared to pure gasoline due to oxygenated nature of alcohol fuels.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Using Ethanol-Gasoline in Spark Ignition Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Kadhim Fadhil Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Brake Power ◽  
Operation Parameter ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
And Performance

The consequence of mixing pure ethanol with gasoline on the pollution and performance of SI engine are investigated experimentally in the existent study. The SI engine that employed in the experiment is a single cylinder four stroke. Analysis is carried out for engine operation parameter, CO2, CO and unburned HC productions. The measurements are recorded for several engine speeds from 1500 – 3000 rpm with load and ethanol addition of (0E, 10E, 20E, 30E, 40E, 50E,). The results displayed increasing in brake power, and brake thermal efficiency while the brake specific fuel consumption decreases when the ethanol- gasoline blends fuel increases. Also it was found that CO, HC, and CO2 concentrations decrease when the ethanol- gasoline increases. The best results obtained in the study is for the blend of E-50.

scholarly journals Effect of Spark Advance on a Gas Run Automotive Spark Ignition Engine

2010 ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ehsan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Automotive Engine

Petrol engines can run on natural gas, with little modification. The combustion characteristics of naturalgas is different from that of petrol, which eventually affects the engine performance. The performance of atypical automotive engine was studied running on natural gas, firstly at a constant speed for various loadsand then at a constant load for a range of speeds and results were compared with performance using petrol.Variation of the spark advance, consisting of centrifugal and vacuum advance mechanisms, wasinvestigated. Results showed some reduction in power and slight fall of efficiency and higher exhausttemperature, for natural gas. The air-fuel ratio for optimum performance was higher for gas than for petrol.This variation in spark requirement is mainly due to the slower speed of flame propagation for natural gas.For both the cases, the best power spark advance for natural gas was found to have higher values thanpetrol. This issue needs to be addressed during retrofitting petrol engines for running on natural gas.Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.ChE 24 2006 42-49

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of butanol as an oxygenate in a spark ignition engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168781401668884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Jinke Gong ◽  
Wenhua Yuan ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons

Ethanol is known as the most widely used alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines. Compared to it, butanol has proved to be a very promising renewable fuel in recent years for desirable properties. The conjoint analysis on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a port fuel injection spark-ignition engine fueled with butanol–gasoline blends was carried out. In comparison with butanol–gasoline blends with various butanol ratio (0–60 vol% referred as G100~B60) and conventional alcohol alternative fuels (methanol, ethanol, and butanol)–gasoline blends, it shows that B30 performs well in engine performance and emissions, including brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. Then, B30 was compared with G100 under various equivalence ratios ( Φ = 0.83–1.25) and engine loads (3 and 5-bar brake mean effective pressure). In summary, B30 presents an advanced combustion phasing, which leads to a 0.3%–2.8% lower brake thermal efficiency than G100 as the engine was running at the spark timing of gasoline’s maximum brake torque (MBT). Therefore, the sparking timing should be postponed when fueled with butanol–gasoline blends. For emissions, the lower carbon monoxide (2.3%–8.7%), unburned hydrocarbons (12.4%–27.5%), and nitrogen oxides (2.8%–19.6%) were shown for B30 compared with G100. Therefore, butanol could be a good alternative fuel to gasoline for its potential to improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions.

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder spark ignition engine using ethanol–petrol-blended fuels

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 792-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Nwufo ◽  
C. F. Nwaiwu ◽  
C. Ononogbo ◽  
J. O. Igbokwe ◽  
O. M. I. Nwafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Blended Fuels

Performance enhancement using different nitromethane blends in a small two-stroke engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Raviteja Sammeta ◽  
Ramakrishna PA ◽  
Asvathanarayanan Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Alternate Fuels

Abstract Nitromethane being immiscible in gasoline, is often added to methanol to enhance the engine power output. But with the use of methanol as the base fuel, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the SI engine often doubles due to its lower heating value. To constrain this increase to a marginal value, a tri-component fuel blend consisting of nitromethane-alcohol-gasoline was prepared and observed to be stable. Methanol, ethanol, and butanol were the chosen alcohols for the tests due to their popularity as alternate fuels for SI engines. Tests on a small (35cc) two-stroke SI engine revealed that the torque produced with the use of tri-component blends was comparable to nitromethane-methanol blend and was on an average 1.35 times higher than gasoline. However, the BSFC with the nitromethane-butanol-gasoline blend was 50% lower than nitromethane-methanol blend and was only 14% higher than gasoline. The emission analysis showed lower HC emissions with the tri-component blends proving the improved combustion efficiency due to better mixing of the fuel-air mixture. Combustion analysis showed the increased heat release rate with nitromethane addition due to its higher flame speeds.

An Investigation of the Effect of 2T Oil Blend on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
M. Nurhidayat Zahelem ◽  
A. Siti Rohana ◽  
N. Haniza B. Jemily ◽  
M. Amzari Aris ◽  
Shukri Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Oil Blend

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effect of 2T oil blend on the performance of Spark Ignition (SI) engine. Three different types of 2T-oils; mineral oil, semi-synthetic oil and fully synthetic oil were tested according to blend ratio before the mixing process with fuel in the carburetor. In the experiment, a two-stroke single-cylinder engine was coupled to a 20 kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show correlation between engine performances and 2T-oil blended as a function of type of 2T-oils used.

Effect of Injection Timing on Fuel-Air Mixing and Combustion in a Direct Injection Stratified Charge SI Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Anand Kumar ◽  
J. M. Mallikarjuna ◽  
V. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Flame Surface ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Stratified Charge ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Air Mixing

This paper describes a numerical study on fuel-air mixing and combustion in a direct injection stratified charge spark ignition engine. The in-cylinder flow, fuel-air mixing and combustion characteristics are investigated in a single cylinder, four-valve, four stoke, direct injection SI engine with pent-roof head and reverse tumble ports. The engine combustion chamber had the side mounted injector and spark plug at the center of pent-roof. Wall guided fuel-air mixing scheme has been adopted. The pre processor code Es-ice, used for dynamic grid generation preparation including description of piston and valve motion. Commercial computational fluid dynamics code Star-CD is used for solving governing equations and post processing of results. Combustion in the present study is simulated using Extended Coherent Flame Model-3z (ECFM-3Z). This model is based on a flame surface density transport equation that can describe inhomogeneous turbulent premixed combustion. In the present study, engine simulations has been carried out from 370 CAD before TDC and upto 90 CAD aTDC. The process includes the closing of the exhaust valves, the whole intake stroke, injection, combustion, and part of expansion. Three different injection timings are simulated viz. 55, 60 and 65 CAD bTDC. For validation of the code predicted results are compared with experimental results available in the literature. It is observed that, injection timing has an important role in mixture preparation and distribution around the spark plug. Hence, for the better combustion characteristics start of injection timing should be optimized.

Effect of Biogas Composition Variations on Engine Characteristics Including Operational Limits of a Spark-Ignition Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar Gupta ◽  
Mayank Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Wide Range

Biogas is a promising alternative fuel to reduce the consumption of petroleum-based fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines. In this work, the effect of various biogas compositions on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition (SI) engine is investigated. Additionally, the effect of Wobbe index (WI) of various fuel compositions was also evaluated on the operational limits of the engine. While considering a wide range of biogas compositions (including bio-methane), the percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) (in a blend of methane and CO2) was increased from 0 to 50% (by volume). A single-cylinder, water-cooled, SI engine was operated at 1500 rpm over a wide range of operating loads with compression ratio of 8.5:1. With the increase in WI of the fuel, both low (limited by coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)) and high (limited by pre-ignition) operating loads were decreased; however, it was found that the overall operating range was increased. Results also showed that for a given operating load, with the increase of CO2 percentage in the fuel, the brake thermal efficiency was decreased, and the flame initiation and combustion durations were increased. The brake thermal efficiency was decreased from 16.8% to 13.7%, when CO2 was increased from 0% to 40% in methane–CO2 mixture at 8 N·m load. Concerning to emissions, a considerable decrease was noted in nitric oxide, whereas hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions were increased, with the increase in CO2 percentage.

Experimental on the Effects of Various Air Filter Elements on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
Shukri Zain ◽  
M. Nurhidayat Zahelem ◽  
M. Hisyam Basri
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine ◽  
Filtering Element ◽  
Engine Power

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effect of air filter elements on the performance of spark ignition (SI) engine. Three different types of material; paper, cotton and foam were tested as filtering element in the air filter before the mixing process with fuel in the carburettor. In the experiment, a four-stroke single-cylinder engine was coupled to a 20 kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show correlation between engine performance and the qualities of filtered air as a function of type of air filter element/material used.

An Investigation of the Effect of Air Filter Elements on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukri Zain ◽  
Shuib Husin
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Filtering Element

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effect of air filter elements on the performance of Spark Ignition (SI) engine. Three different types of material; paper, cotton and foam were tested as filtering element in the air filter before the mixing process with fuel in the carburettor. In the experiment, a four-stroke single-cylinder engine was coupled to a 20kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show correlation between engine performance and the qualities of filtered air as a function of type of air filter element/material used.

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