Enhanced depth of field and resolution three-dimensional integral imaging by variable spatial filtering and intermediate-view reconstruction technique

In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) integral imaging system to simultaneously improve the depth of field (DOF), resolution, and image quality of reconstructed images by variable spatial filtering and intermediate-view reconstruction technology (IVRT). In the proposed method, the camera performs element images acquisition on a 3D scene with objects of different depths through a 2D grid plane. The reconstructed slice image and block matching algorithm are used to extract the depth of the element images. To improve the sharpness of depth, the Laplace operator is used to perform variable depth filtering on objects of different depths, and depth-enhanced all-filtering element images are obtained through simple pixel fusion. IVRT is applied to all-filtering element images to obtain more element images to reconstruct a resolution-enhanced 3D image. According to the energy of gradient (EOG) value and the Tenengrad value, the reconstruction image quality evaluation of the proposed method is improved by 7.63 and 4.81 times compared with the traditional method, respectively. By the proposed method of generating all-filtering element images and an IVRT in 3D integral imaging system, the experimental results demonstrate that the 3D reconstructed image has extended depth of field, enhanced resolution and improved image quality.

Design Considerations Pertaining to the Application of Complementary Split Ring Resonators in Microstrip Antennas

Metamaterial-based design of microstrip antennas and other microwave structures have gained enormous popularity worldwide among researchers. The complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is one of the most commonly used metamaterial structures in this direction. The CSRR structure yields a negative value of its effective permittivity at a narrow band near its resonant frequency. CSRR structure was initially proposed as a notch filtering element in microstrip transmission lines because of the negative permittivity. Later, the CSRR structure found its use in antennas and other microwave applications. The CSRR structure is reported to enhance the performance of a microstrip antenna in terms of its gain and bandwidth. In addition, CSRR structure is also used in the design of dual band antennas and antennas with integrated filters. This chapter deals with the practical design aspects relative to these applications of CSRR structures.

METHODS OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF THIN CLEARING ENGINE OIL BY IMPROVING FILTERING NONWOVENS IN OIL PURIFIERS OF MARINE DIESEL ENGINS

The article presents the results of motor tests of mass production filtering elements and new ones with improved performance in marine diesel engines. The filtering elements help to increase the efficiency of cleaning the engine oil and to lessen the engine wear and carbonation. The extended diesel service life is directly connected to the quality of oil purification. There has been carried out the analysis of developing filter technology regarding to engine oil cleaning in lubrication systems of ship medium-speed internal combustion engines equipped with different oil cleaners on the vessels of the Far Eastern basin. There have been presented the methods of increasing the throughput, dirt capacity and service life, as well as the fineness and completeness of sifting filtering elements due to the use of new filter materials. The dependence of the oil filtration rate on the efficiency of its purification is shown. Oil purification process can be intensified by means of decreasing the rate of oil filtering. To obtain the optimal filtering rate it is necessary to choose the appropriate size of a filtering element. Nowadays, the production technology of filtering elements is constantly improving, parameters of filtering materials are being upgraded, such as porosity, specific capacity, etc. There have been proposed measures to improve the hydraulic and filtering characteristics of nonwovens from cellulose and synthetic fibers of different thicknesses with different fillers and binders, which increases the permeability of papers, the number of pores per unit surface and a narrower distribution in diameter. New scientific and technical solutions are presented, which increase the efficiency of oil use in diesel engines. The ways of reducing the wear rate of the main parts in the engine due to full-flow fine cleaning of lubricating oil providing economical resource-saving operation of the trunk diesel engines are shown. The Russian industry manufactures the full-flow filtering elements and filtering materials relevant to the best international analogues.

Mathematical model of oil-containing water purification process in the volume of granulated media

A mathematical model of oil-containing water purification process in the volume of granulated media is developed. On the basis of this model, the purifying ability of filtering unit with granulated coalescing media, which regenerates filtering media in the mode of pseudo liquefaction of granule without disassembling and replacement of filtering element, is studied. In the process of theoretical research, the physical model of oil-containing water purification process in the volume of granulated coalescing media is elaborated. The consistent patterns of the analysed process have gained further development. Due to these patterns, the factors which determine the effectiveneness of purification are established. After realization of the experiment plan for the first time, the mathematical model of a ship’s oil-containing water purification process in the volume of granulated media on the basis of the regression equation has been received. This model allows to calculate the rational constructive and operational parameters of the plant with granulated filter elements.