Performance enhancement using different nitromethane blends in a small two-stroke engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Raviteja Sammeta ◽  
Ramakrishna PA ◽  
Asvathanarayanan Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Alternate Fuels

Abstract Nitromethane being immiscible in gasoline, is often added to methanol to enhance the engine power output. But with the use of methanol as the base fuel, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the SI engine often doubles due to its lower heating value. To constrain this increase to a marginal value, a tri-component fuel blend consisting of nitromethane-alcohol-gasoline was prepared and observed to be stable. Methanol, ethanol, and butanol were the chosen alcohols for the tests due to their popularity as alternate fuels for SI engines. Tests on a small (35cc) two-stroke SI engine revealed that the torque produced with the use of tri-component blends was comparable to nitromethane-methanol blend and was on an average 1.35 times higher than gasoline. However, the BSFC with the nitromethane-butanol-gasoline blend was 50% lower than nitromethane-methanol blend and was only 14% higher than gasoline. The emission analysis showed lower HC emissions with the tri-component blends proving the improved combustion efficiency due to better mixing of the fuel-air mixture. Combustion analysis showed the increased heat release rate with nitromethane addition due to its higher flame speeds.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF GASOLINE AND HYDROGEN BLENDS ON SI ENGINE COMBUSTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Saugirdas Pukalskas ◽  
Alfredas Rimkus ◽  
Mindaugas Melaika ◽  
Zenonas Bogdanovičius ◽  
Jonas Matijošius
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Hc Emissions

Even small amount additive (10…15% by volume from whole air amount) of hydrogen (H2) into spark ignition (SI) engines obviously effects ecological parameters and engine efficiency because of H2 exclusive properties. SI engine work process simulation was made using AVL Boost simulation software. Analysis of results showed that engine power depends a lot on H2 supply technique into engine; NOx amount in exhaust gases directly proportional to the amount of H2, however, making mixture leaner up to λ = 1.6, it is possible to reach significant NOx decrease. Increased amount of H2 as an additive in fuel, changes H/C ratio in fuel mixture, also hydrogen improves properties of the mixture (particularly lean) and combustion of hydrocarbons what can be a reason of decreased HC emissions in exhaust gases. Keyword(s): Hydrogen and gasoline mixture, engine efficiency, exhaust gases, nitrous oxides, hydrocarbons, simulation.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of methanol-gasoline fuel blend on performance, emissions and lubricant oil deterioration in SI engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781402110252
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Nasir Hayat ◽  
Syed Wasim Hassan Zubair ◽  
Rehmat Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Oil Deterioration ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Lower Load ◽  
Hc Emissions

Methanol showed promising results as an alternative to gasoline fuel. However, there exists a research gap for the effect of oxygenated fuel on lubricant oil deterioration along-with engine performance and emissions. This study aims the very topic. The characteristics of SI engine were evaluated for two different loads and nine different engine speeds. The lubricant oil samples were taken out from engine oil sump after 100 h of engine operations using gasoline (G) and M12 sequentially. The brake power of M12 was observed higher in comparison with G. The maximum BTE of 23.69% was observed for M12 on lower load and 2800 rpm. On average, the 6.05% and 6.31% decrease in HC emissions were observed using M12 in comparison with G at lower and higher load respectively. M12 produced 32.52% higher NOx emissions than that of G at lower load. The reduction in kinematic viscosities at 40°C of lubricant oil were found 11.61% and 18.78% for M12 and G respectively. TAN, specific gravity, flash point and ash content of lubricant oil were observed 10.23%, 0.079%, 5.81% and 0.97% higher for M12 respectively. The lubricant oil composition could be developed in future for such fuels which may prolong its life cycle.

A Theoretical Investigation On the Performance and Combustion Parameters in an SI Engine Fueled with Different Shale Gas Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HABIB GÜRBÜZ ◽  
Serife KÖSE
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Abstract In this paper, a theoretical analysis of in-cylinder combustion and indicated engine parameters by using a zero-dimensional, single-zone combustion model presented, in a SI engine operated with shale gas-1(86% CH4, 14% C2H6), shale gas-2 (81% CH4, 10% C2H6, 9% N2), shale gas-3 (58% CH4, 20% C2H6, 12% C3H8, 10% CO2), methane and LPG (30% C3H8, 70% C4H10). The technical characteristics and experimental results (i.e. engine speed, throttle position, intake air temperature and pressure, combustion duration and combustion efficiency) of a single-cylinder SI engine operated with LPG was processed for developing of theoretical combustion model. Also, the results of the theoretical combustion model by LPG fuel and the experimental results by LPG operated SI engine are compared and provided to the validation of the theoretical model. The results showed that the shale gas-1 has the potential to be a good alternative fuel for SI engines soon with an average engine performance of 6.4% lower than LPG in the range of ?=0.83-1.2. Also, methane has an average engine performance of 8.5% lower than LPG. However, shale gas-2 and shale gas-3 caused an average 21% decline at the engine performance.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of PFI Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with E30 Equivalent Binary and Ternary GEM Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Sk. FAROOQ ◽  
D. VINAY KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Constant Load ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Blended Fuels

This work presents the concept of ternary blends of gasoline, ethanol and methanol (GEM) in which stoichiometric air to fuel ratio is controlled to 13.2, same as that of conventional binary E30 (Gasoline 70% + Ethanol 30% (v/v)) fuel blend. The formulated E30 equivalent ternary blends have approximately the same energy density, lower heating value and octane number as target binary E30 blend such that they can be a drop-in alternative to it. The experimental work was performed to investigate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of PFI SI engine using E30 equivalent GEM blends. The engine tests were conducted at constant load while varying the engine speed from 1700 to 3300 rpm by varying the throttle position. The performance, emission and combustion results were measured and compared with pure gasoline. The results show that formulated GEM blends have similar brake thermal efficiency, in-cylinder pressure and net heat release as binary E30 blend and are improved when compared to pure gasoline. It is also noted that exhaust emissions such as Carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) show decreased values and increase in Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) for blended fuels compared to pure gasoline due to oxygenated nature of alcohol fuels.

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Multi-Fueled Single Cylinder SI Engine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Haq ◽  
M. R. Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Si Engines

The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of a single cylinder four-stroke spark-ignition (SI) engine fuelled by four fuels namely iso-octane, methane, methanol and hydrogen. In SI engines, due to phenomena like ignition delay and finite flame speed manifested by the fuels, the heat addition process is not instantaneous, and hence ‘Weibe function’ is used to address the realistic heat release scenario of the engine. Empirical correlations are used to predict the heat loss from the engine cylinder. Physical states and chemical properties of gaseous species present inside the cylinder are determined using first and second law of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, JANAF thermodynamic data-base and NASA polynomials. The model is implemented in FORTRAN 95 using standard numerical routines and some simulation results are validated against data available in literature. The second law of thermodynamics is applied to estimate the change of exergy i.e. the work potential or quality of the in-cylinder mixture undergoing various phases to complete the cycle. Results indicate that, around 4 to 24% of exergy initially possessed by the in-cylinder mixture is reduced during combustion and about 26 to 42% is left unused and exhausted to the atmosphere.

Intake-Air Oxygen-Enrichment of Diesel Engines as a Power Enhancement Method and Implications on Pollutant Emissions

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros C. Zannis ◽  
Dimitrios T. Hountalas ◽  
Elias A. Yfantis ◽  
Roussos G. Papagiannakis ◽  
Yiannis A. Levendis
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Investigation ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Enrichment ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Experimental Findings

Increasing the in-cylinder oxygen availability of diesel engines is an effective method to improve combustion efficiency and to reduce particulate emissions. Past work on oxygen-enrichment of the intake air, revealed a large decrease of ignition delay, a remarkable decrease of soot emissions as well as reduction of CO and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions while, brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) remained unaffected or even improved. Moreover, experiments conducted in the past by authors revealed that oxygen-enrichment of the intake air (from 21% to 25% oxygen mole fraction) under high fuelling rates resulted to an increase of brake power output by 10%. However, a considerable increase of NOx emissions was recorded. This manuscript, presents the results of a theoretical investigation that examines the effect of oxygen enrichment of intake air, up to 30%v/v, on the local combustion characteristics, soot and NO concentrations under the following two in-cylinder mixing conditions: (1) lean in-cylinder average fuel/oxygen equivalence ratio (constant fuelling rate) and (2) constant in-cylinder average fuel/oxygen equivalence ratio (increased fuelling rate). A phenomenological engine simulation model is used to shed light into the influence of the oxygen content of combustion air on the distribution of combustion parameters, soot and nitric oxide inside the fuel jet, in all cases considered. Simulations were made for a naturally aspirated single-cylinder DI diesel engine “Lister LV1” at 2500 rpm and at various engine loads. The outcome of this theoretical investigation was contrasted with published experimental findings.

Biodiesel Effects on Influencing Parameters of Brake Fuel Conversion Efficiency in a Medium Duty Diesel Engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Bittle ◽  
Jesse K. Younger ◽  
Timothy J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Biodiesel remains an alternative fuel of interest for use in diesel engines. A common characteristic of biodiesel, relative to petroleum diesel, is a lowered heating value (or per mass energy content of the fuel). For same torque engine comparisons, the lower heating value translates into a higher brake specific fuel consumption (amount of fuel consumed per unit of power produced). The efficiency at which fuel energy converts into work energy, however, may remain unchanged. In this experimental study, evaluating nine unique engine operating conditions, the brake fuel conversion efficiency (an assessor of fuel energy to work energy efficiency) remains unchanged between 100% petroleum diesel fuel and 100% biodiesel fuel (palm olein) at all conditions, except for high load conditions. Several parameters may affect the brake fuel conversion efficiency, including heat loss, mixture properties, pumping work, friction, combustion efficiency, and combustion timing. This article describes a study that evaluates how the aforementioned parameters may change with the use of biodiesel and petroleum diesel, and how these parameters may result in differences in the brake fuel conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals Phenomenological model for determining velocity field of LPG jet in combustion chamber of direct injection S.I. engine

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Bui Van Ga ◽  
Phung Xuan Tho ◽  
Nhan Hong Quang ◽  
Nguyen Huu Huong
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Phenomenological Model ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Gas Jet ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Stratified Combustion

A phenomenological model has been established to predict the velocity distribution of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) jet in combustion chamber of spark ignition (SI) engine. A shaped coefficient \(\beta\) governing the similarity of velocity profiles of LPG jets has been defined based on the theoretical and experimental analyses of turbulent diffusion jets. The results show that \(\beta\) is constant for steady jet but it is not the case for unsteady one. The model will enable us to calculate the velocity profiles of LPG jet after ending injection. This is necessary for research of stratified combustion in direct injection LPG SI engines.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH INTO THE INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL PETROL ADDITIVES IN THE AUTOMOBILE LABORATORY

Transport ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algis Butkus ◽  
Saugirdas Pukalskas
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Octane Rating ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Eu

Looking forward to Lithuania becoming a member of the EU it is very important to use a larger amount of renewing fuel. Based on economic and environmental considerations in Lithuania, we are interested in studying the effects of ethanol contents in the blended ethanol‐petrol fuel on the engine performance and pollutant emission of SI engine. Therefore, we used engine test facilities to investigate the effects on the engine performance and pollutant emission of 3,5 % and 7,0 % ethanol in the fuel blend and special additives, which reduce emissions and increase octane rating. The tests were carried out in the laboratory on a chassis dynamometer with two different cars. The experiment results showed that ethanol used in a fuel blend with petrol had a positive influence on engine performance and exhaust emission.

scholarly journals The influence of exhaust system leak on the operating parameters of a turbocharged spark ignition engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-472
Author(s):  
Krystian Hennek ◽  
Mariusz Graba
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
The Road ◽  
Torque Measurements ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
On The Road

Turbocharging of an internal combustion engine is the most common technique to improve an engines’ performance. In present it is not hard to meet vehicles on the road with turbocharged SI engines, which have a high mileage, and because of this fact there is a high risk of exhaust systems leak. This might have its influence not only on the emissions, but also on the vehicles performance. Thereby this dissertation shows the comparative analysis of the influence of exhaust system leak in the catalyzer input on the exhaust gasses composition in the catalyzer output and the operation parameters of an turbocharged SI engine. During the research some parameters were recorded and compared, e. g.: the engines power and torque, the injec-tors opening time, the oxygen sensors voltage signals in the input and in the output of the catalyzer, the concentration of harmful gasses in the exhaust tailpipe. The research was conducted with the use of a single roller MAHA MSR 500 chassis dynamometer. A series of torque measurements was performed. Under these measurements a simulation of the exhaust system leakage of a turbocharged SI passenger car engine was made. As a result three variations of the wideband oxygen sensor acting were reached. The wideband sensor is mounted between the turbocharger unit and the input of the catalyzer. In the test the influence of the leakage on the injector’s opening time and the composition of harmful exhaust substances were pointed.

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