scholarly journals Induced systemic resistance against rice grassy stunt virus – a promising field for ecological rice production

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Thanh Toan Le ◽  
Van Dien Luong ◽  
Thuy Nhien Thi Ngo ◽  
Van Kim Pham
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Defence Reaction ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Low Concentrations

Most rice protection methods have currently used toxic chemicals to control pathogens and pests, which leads to environment pollution. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) taking advantage of natural defence reaction of plants could be proposed as an alternative, ecologically friendly ap-proach for plant protection. Its application into rice production could minimize the chemicals quantity used, and could contribute to the decrease of environmental pollution and the development of sustainable agriculture. The research was conducted to select the best effective chemical and method to improve the health of rice plants infected by grassy stunt disease in net-house of Cantho University. SAR chemicals were used at very low concentrations (in mM). Results showed that the height of rice plants treated with SAR chemicals was higher than that of plants untreated. Besides, the number of diseased plant was reduced and the ratio of firm grain and yield increased when plants were applied by SAR. Among them, oxalic acid was the best systemic acquired resistance. With oxalic acid, seed soaking was better than seed coating in systemic acquired resistance against rice grassy stunt disease. Hầu hết các phương pháp sản xuất lúa hiện nay đều sử dụng các hóa chất độc hại trong việc phòng trừ bệnh và côn trùng gây hại, nên dẫn đến ô nhiễm môi trường. Kích thích tính kháng lưu dẫn giúp kích hoạt cơ chế tự nhiênkháng bệnh của cây có thể là giải pháp bảo vệ thực vật thay thế an toàn với môi trường. Việc ứng dụng tiến bộ này vào trong sản xuất lúa có thể làm giảm lượng hóa chất sử dụng, đóng góp vào việc giảm thiểu ô nhiễmmôi trường và sự phát triển của một nền nông nghiệp bền vững. Nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện tại nhà lưới trường Đại học Cần Thơ để tuyển chọn hóa chất và phương pháp sử dụng hóa chất để tăng cường sức khỏe giúp cây lúa vượt qua bệnh vàng lùn. Hóa chất kích kháng được sử dụng ở một nồng độ rất thấp (đơn vị là mM). Kết quả cho thấy chiều cao cây lúa khi xử lý chất kích kháng tốt hơn so đối chứng không xử lý. Bên cạnh đó, số cây lúa nhiễm bệnh giảm, tỉ lệ hạt chắc và năng suất tăng khi cây lúa được xử lý với chất kích kháng. Trong số các chất kích kháng đã sử dụng, acid oxalic cho hiệu quả vượt trội. Với chất acid oxalic, phương pháp ngâm hạt cho hiệuquả kích kháng tốt hơn phương pháp áo hạt.

Chitosan: An elicitor and antimicrobial Bio-resource in plant protection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akansha Singh ◽  
Kalpana Gairola, ◽  
Vinod Upadhyay ◽  
J. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Spoilage Microorganisms

Pesticide resistance and environment threat due to injudicious use of chemical pesticides for disease management employs the alteration in management practices. Chitosan, a deacetylated chitin derivative, behaves like a general elicitor, inducing a non-host resistance, and prime the plants for systemic acquired resistance in addition to this Chitosan has high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria. The use of chitosan in agriculture and in food systems should be based on sufficient knowledge of the complex mechanisms of its elicitor and antimicrobial mode of action. In this article we a number of studies on the investigation of chitosan antimicrobial and resistance inducing properties and application of them in agriculture sector have been summarized.

scholarly journals Mycovirus-Induced Hypervirulence of Leptosphaeria biglobosa Enhances Systemic Acquired Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unnati A. Shah ◽  
Ioly Kotta-Loizou ◽  
Bruce D. L. Fitt ◽  
Robert H. A. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

Phoma stem canker (blackleg) is one of the most important diseases of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) worldwide and is caused by a complex that comprises at least two species: Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa. Screening a panel of field Leptosphaeria isolates from B. napus for the presence of mycoviruses revealed the presence of a novel double-stranded RNA quadrivirus in L. biglobosa and no viruses in L. maculans. Following elimination of the mycovirus, virus-infected and virus-free isogenic lines of L. biglobosa were created. A direct comparison of the growth and virulence of these isogenic lines illustrated that virus infection caused hypervirulence and resulted in induced systemic resistance toward L. maculans in B. napus following lower leaf preinoculation with the virus-infected isolate. Analysis of the plant transcriptome suggests that the presence of the virus leads to subtle alterations in metabolism and plant defenses. For instance, transcripts involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism are enriched in plants treated with the virus-infected isolate, while pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinases and WRKY transcription factors are differentially expressed. These results illustrate the potential for deliberate inoculation of plants with hypervirulent L. biglobosa to decrease the severity of Phoma stem canker later in the growing season. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

Salicylic Acid And Acibenzolar-s-methyl Induced Resistance Against Toxic Effect Of Juglone, A Toxin Of Mycosphaerella Fijiensis Causal Agent Of Banana Black Leaf Streak Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
AMARI Ler-N'Ogn Dadé Georges Elisée ◽  
CHERIF Mamadou ◽  
Hilaire Tanoh Kouakou ◽  
CAMARA Brahima ◽  
KONÉ Daouda
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Black Leaf Streak ◽  
Black Leaf Streak Disease ◽  
Banana Leaves

Salicylic acid and its analogues are considered the most important compounds which can be activated a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants. The disadvantages and limits related to the usual methods in particular fungicide spray to the control of black leaf streak disease (BLSD) require research of approaches more respectful of the environment for this disease management such as the use of SAR inducers. The effects of Salicylic acid (SA) and Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) on the interaction of two susceptible cultivars of banana (Orishele and Corne 1) with the hemibiotrophic fungal Mycosphaerella fijiensis and his toxin (juglone) were investigated. The results showed that SA and ASM at low concentrations (25 and 50 µg/ml) did not affect M. fijiensis development but have the capacity to induce protection into sensitive banana against juglone toxic effect. These SAR inducers reduced the intensity of the necrosis due to the juglone and lengthened the incubation period of M. fijiensis after inoculation of banana leaves. The expression of the resistance induced was related to the variety of banana. More significant effectiveness of protection was obtained with ASM in particular on Corne 1. A total protection against the induction of necrosis was kept up to 100 µg/ml of juglone 2 to 3 weeks after application of ASM on the soil and on the leaves of banana. ASM constitutes a viable and noncontaminant option in the fight against to BLSD because of his non-inhibiting action on M. fijiensis and excellent protection into banana when roots and leaves were treated.

Biological and chemical dependent systemic resistance and their significance for the control of root-knot nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. Selim ◽  
Magdy E. Mahdy ◽  
Mervat E. Sorial ◽  
Abdelfattah A. Dababat ◽  
Richard A. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
System A ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Abiotic Elicitors

Inducing host plant-based systemic resistance is one of the modes of action involved in tri-trophic interactions between host plants, pests and mutualistic microorganisms. Two different types of systemic resistance – systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) – were found to be functional against pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, the ability of Trichoderma harzianum isolate T10 and insecticidal active neem powder (NP) to induce systemic resistance in tomato against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica was compared with salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) as standard elicitors for SAR and ISR, respectively. Results showed that, when the biotic and abiotic elicitors were applied to the inducer side of a split root plant system, a significant reduction in nematode infection was observed on the responder side. Physiological changes in the tomato plant due to the induction of SAR or ISA by these biotic and abiotic elicitors were further investigated using HPLC. Results demonstrated that T10 significantly increased the accumulation of different metabolites in the shoot of the tomato over the NP, JA and SA elicitors. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that several metabolic, physical and biochemical changes occurred in the shoots of the treated plants with both the biotic and abiotic elicitors. The percentage of membrane leakage (Ml) at nematode-infected tomato roots was significantly high, but the differences in percentage leakage were not significant in other treatments compared to the non-infested control. The best results were recorded with SA, T10 and NP, which gave the lowest MI% compared to the infested plants.

scholarly journals Sulfated Fucan Oligosaccharides Elicit Defense Responses in Tobacco and Local and Systemic Resistance Against Tobacco Mosaic Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Klarzynski ◽  
Valérie Descamps ◽  
Bertrand Plesse ◽  
Jean-Claude Yvin ◽  
Bernard Kloareg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Sulfated Fucan ◽  
Strong Stimulation ◽  
Local And Systemic Resistance

Sulfated fucans are common structural components of the cell walls of marine brown algae. Using a fucan-degrading hydrolase isolated from a marine bacterium, we prepared sulfated fucan oligosaccharides made of mono- and disulfated fucose units alternatively bound by α-1,4 and α-1,3 glycosidic linkages, respectively. Here, we report on the elicitor activity of such fucan oligosaccharide preparations in tobacco. In suspension cell cultures, oligofucans at the dose of 200 μg ml−1 rapidly induced a marked alkalinization of the extracellular medium and the release of hydrogen peroxide. This was followed within a few hours by a strong stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and lipoxygenase activities. Tobacco leaves treated with oligofucans locally accumulated salicylic acid (SA) and the phytoalexin scopoletin and expressed several pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, but they displayed no symptoms of cell death. Fucan oligosaccharides also induced the systemic accumulation of SA and the acidic PR protein PR-1, two markers of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Consistently, fucan oligosaccharides strongly stimulated both local and systemic resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The use of transgenic plants unable to accumulate SA indicated that, as in the SAR primed by TMV, SA is required for the establishment of oligofucan-induced resistance.

scholarly journals Systemic Resistance in Arabidopsis Induced by Rhizobacteria Requires Ethylene-Dependent Signaling at the Site of Application

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marga Knoester ◽  
Corné M. J. Pieterse ◽  
John F. Bol ◽  
Leendert C. Van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Ethylene Insensitivity

Root colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana by the nonpathogenic, rhizosphere-colonizing, biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r has been shown to elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). The ISR response differs from the pathogen-inducible systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response in that ISR is independent of salicylic acid and not associated with pathogenesis-related proteins. Several ethylene-response mutants were tested and showed essentially normal symptoms of Pst infection. ISR was abolished in the ethylene-insensitive mutant etr1-1, whereas SAR was unaffected. Similar results were obtained with the ethylene-insensitive mutants ein2 through ein7, indicating that the expression of ISR requires the complete signal-transduction pathway of ethylene known so far. The induction of ISR by WCS417r was not accompanied by increased ethylene production in roots or leaves, nor by increases in the expression of the genes encoding the ethylene biosynthetic enzymes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase. The eir1 mutant, displaying ethylene insensitivity in the roots only, did not express ISR upon application of WCS417r to the roots, but did exhibit ISR when the inducing bacteria were infiltrated into the leaves. These results demonstrate that, for the induction of ISR, ethylene responsiveness is required at the site of application of inducing rhizobacteria.

scholarly journals Polyphenol oxidase and lysozyme mediate induction of systemic resistance in tomato, when a bioelicitor is used

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navodit Goel ◽  
Prabir Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Protection Method

Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is attacked by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato causing heavy damage to the crops. The present study focused on the application of aqueous fruit extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica L.) on a single node of aseptically raised tomato plants. Observations were done, and the changes in the activity and isoenzyme profile of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and lysozyme, both at the site of treatment as well as away from it, were noted. The results demonstrate that neem extract could significantly induce the activities of both the enzymes as well as upregulate the de novo expression of additional PPO isoenzymes. Induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by natural plant extracts is a potent eco-friendly crop protection method.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis UGT76B1 glycosylates N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid and inactivates systemic acquired resistance in tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Holmes ◽  
Yun-Chu Chen ◽  
Mary Beth Mudgett ◽  
Elizabeth S. Sattely
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Pipecolic Acid ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

AbstractSystemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism that plants utilize to connect a local pathogen infection to global defense responses. N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) and a glycosylated derivative are produced during SAR, yet their individual roles in the response have not yet been elucidated. Here we report that Arabidopsis thaliana UGT76B1 can generate glycosylated NHP (NHP-Glc) in vitro and when transiently expressed alongside Arabidopsis NHP biosynthetic genes in two Solanaceous plants. During infection, Arabidopsis ugt76b1 mutants do not accumulate NHP-Glc and accumulate less glycosylated salicylic acid (SA-Glc) than wild type plants. The metabolic changes in ugt76b1 mutant plants are accompanied by enhanced defense to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, suggesting that glycosylation of SAR molecules NHP and SA by UGT76B1 plays an important role in defense modulation. Transient expression of Arabidopsis UGT76B1 with the Arabidopsis NHP biosynthesis genes ALD1 and FMO1 in tomato increases NHP-Glc production and reduces NHP accumulation in local tissue, and abolishes the systemic resistance seen when expressing NHP-biosynthetic genes alone. These findings reveal that the glycosylation of NHP by UGT76B1 alters defense priming in systemic tissue and provide further evidence for the role of the NHP aglycone as the active metabolite in SAR signaling.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Rhizobacteria from Composts That Suppress the Severity of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Radish

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1292-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Krause ◽  
T. J. J. De Ceuster ◽  
S. M. Tiquia ◽  
F. C. Michel ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Induce Systemic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Compost Amendments

Composts can induce systemic resistance in plants to disease. Unfortunately, the degree of resistance induced seems highly variable and the basis for this effect is not understood. In this work, only 1 of 79 potting mixes prepared with different batches of mature, stabilized composts produced from several different types of solid wastes suppressed the severity of bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae compared with disease on plants produced in a nonamended sphagnum peat mix. An additional batch of compost-amended mix that had been inoculated with Trichoderma hamatum 382 (T382), which is known to induce systemic resistance in plants, also suppressed the disease. A total of 11 out of 538 rhizobacterial strains isolated from roots of radish seedlings grown in these two compostamended mixes that suppressed bacterial leaf spot were able to significantly suppress the severity of this disease when used as inoculum in the compost-amended mixes. The most effective strains were identified as Bacillus sp. based on partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. These strains were significantly less effective in reducing the severity of this disease than T382. A combined inoculum consisting of T382 and the most effective rhizobacterial Bacillus strain was less effective than T382 alone. A drench applied to the potting mix with the systemic acquired resistance-inducing chemical acibenzolar-S-methyl was significantly more effective than T382 in several, but not all tests. We conclude that systemic suppression of foliar diseases induced by compost amendments is a rare phenomenon. Furthermore, inoculation of compost-amended potting mixes with biocontrol agents such as T382 that induce systemic resistance in plants can significantly increase the frequency of systemic disease control obtained with natural compost amendments.

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