The United Kingdom

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret O’Brien ◽  
Sara Connolly ◽  
Svetlana Speight ◽  
Matthew Aldrich ◽  
Eloise Poole
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Mandate ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Context

This chapter examines contemporary fathering practices in the UK liberal welfare state context, where recent legislation has expanded fathers’ access to work-family reconciliation rights, albeit rather minimally. Data are provided to explore whether the new cultural mandate for active fathers holds for the quantity and the quality of time fathers spend with young children. Time use and employment activity data does show an increase in British fathers’ care time and a reduction in paid work time over the decade. Since 2003 British fathers can take two weeks paid leave after the birth of a child, and by the end of the decade over 90% of fathers took significant post-birth leave. However, British fathers, continue to have one of the longest working weeks and highest level of work–family conflict amongst European fathers. In the absence of stronger work–family reconciliation measures, underlying maternalist and modified breadwinner cultures remain resilient.

scholarly journals The impact of symptoms on quality of life before and after diagnosis of coeliac disease: the results from a Polish population survey and comparison with the results from the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Majsiak ◽  
Magdalena Choina ◽  
Dominik Golicki ◽  
Alastair M. Gray ◽  
Bożena Cukrowska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Coeliac disease (CD) is characterised by diverse clinical symptoms, which may cause diagnostic problems and reduce the patients’ quality of life. A study conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) revealed that the mean time between the onset of coeliac symptoms and being diagnosed was above 13 years. This study aimed to analyse the diagnostic process of CD in Poland and evaluate the quality of life of patients before and after CD diagnosis. In addition, results were compared to the results of the original study conducted in the UK. Methods The study included 2500 members of the Polish Coeliac Society. The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire containing questions on socio-demographic factors, clinical aspects and quality of life, using the EQ-5D questionnaire. Questionnaires received from 796 respondents were included in the final analysis. Results The most common symptoms reported by respondents were bloating (75%), abdominal pain (72%), chronic fatigue (63%) and anaemia (58%). Anaemia was the most persistent symptom, with mean duration prior to CD diagnosis of 9.2 years, whereas diarrhoea was observed for the shortest period (4.7 years). The mean duration of any symptom before CD diagnosis was 7.3 years, compared to 13.2 years in the UK. CD diagnosis and the introduction of a gluten-free diet substantially improved the quality of life in each of the five EQ-5D-5L health dimensions: pain and discomfort, anxiety and depression, usual activities, self-care and mobility (p < 0.001), the EQ-Index by 0.149 (SD 0.23) and the EQ-VAS by 30.4 (SD 28.3) points. Conclusions Duration of symptoms prior to the diagnosis of CD in Poland, although shorter than in the UK, was long with an average of 7.3 years from first CD symptoms. Faster CD diagnosis after the onset of symptoms in Polish respondents may be related to a higher percentage of children in the Polish sample. Introduction of a gluten-free diet improves coeliac patients’ quality of life. These results suggest that doctors should be made more aware of CD and its symptoms across all age groups.

scholarly journals Comparing the strategies used to maintain the coach-athlete relationship in Japan and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Daniel Rhind ◽  
Frank Owusu-Sekyere ◽  
Daichi Ando
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Relationship Maintenance ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Athlete Satisfaction ◽  
The Uk

The present study explored the strategies used to maintain the quality of the coach-athlete relationship amongst rowers in Japan and the United Kingdom. A total of 93 athletes from Japan (N = 49) and UK (N = 44) completed the Coach Athlete Relationship Maintenance Questionnaire (CARM-Q) and the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). The results of T-tests showed that (a) university rowers in the UK were significantly more satisfied with the coach-athlete relationship than those in Japan; (b) the athletes in Japan expressed higher scores on Preventative strategies than the ones in the UK; (c) the athletes in the UK expressed higher scores on all other CARM-Q subscales with the exception of Social Networks. The results of correlation analyses revealed positive associations between the use of maintenance strategies and athlete satisfaction. These findings evidence the importance of coaches using strategies to maintain the effectiveness of their relationship with athletes as well as the importance of researchers taking cultural factors into account.

scholarly journals Court interpreting in the United Kingdom: analysis of the Ministry of Justice’s Language Service New Contract

2016 ◽  
pp. 149-171
Author(s):  
Aurora Ruiz Mezcua ◽  
Alicia Fernández Gallego Casilda
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Service Contract ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Court Interpreting ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New System

Court interpreting is a challenging context where languages are fundamental to ensure justice and respect for human rights. The phenomenon of public service interpreting is a relatively recent one and the UK is considered to be one of the pioneer countries in providing Community Interpretation. The main objective of this research is to analyse the diverse aspects of the contract signed by the MoJ in 2012 with a private company for the outsourcing of language services. The MoJ previously obtained such services from freelance interpreters through a different system. We study the reasons for changing the old Ministry of Justice language service contract, the transition and also the new system, from an interpreting quality perspective. Consequently, this paper concentrates on one hypothesis: that there are elements in this outsourcing contract that pose a risk to the quality of the services provided under it.

The development and scientific principles of an environmental classification for strategic ecological survey in the United Kingdom

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sheail ◽  
R.G.H. Bunce
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Environmental Classification ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
The Uk

A method of environmental classification has been applied twice to surveys of the whole of England, Scotland and Wales (the United Kingdom). Such experience is now being extended to the European continent. The paper draws on the unpublished working-papers of the relevant scientists and institutions in reconstructing both the motives and circumstances in which a methodology was developed in the UK for the assessment of the ecological resources of the wider countryside. The principles of strategic classification and subsequent sampling from defined strata were initially devised for broadleaved woodland, and first tested at a regional level. They drew on classical regression theory, with the environmental classification being the independent, and the vegetation or habitat the dependent, variable. The approach was linked to the development of efficient algorithms for analysis and classification, and more recently remote sensing and geographical information systems. Successive Countryside Surveys of the UK, carried out since 1978, have provided an objective measurement of the decline in the quality of vegetation and habitats. Such a statistically robust approach can be used to measure the rates of vegetation and habitat change at the strategic European level, and as an aid to devising appropriate rural-resources policies.

scholarly journals What Is the Health and Well-Being Burden for Parents Living With a Child With ADHD in the United Kingdom?

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472092589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Peasgood ◽  
Anupam Bhardwaj ◽  
John E. Brazier ◽  
Katie Biggs ◽  
David Coghill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Health And Well Being

Objective: To explore the burden associated with childhood ADHD in a large observational study. Methods: We recruited familes with at least one child (6-18 years) with ADHD via 15 NHS trusts in the UK, and collected data from all family members. We made careful adjustments to ensure a like-for-like comparison with two different control groups, and explored the impact of controlling for a positive parental/carer ADHD screen, employment, and relationship status. Results: We found significant negative impacts of childhood ADHD on parents’/carers’ hours and quality of sleep, satisfaction with leisure time, and health-related quality of life (measured by the EuroQol-5D [EQ-5D]). We found a decrement in life satisfaction, mental well-being (as measured by the Short–Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale [S-WEMWBS]), and satisfaction with intimate relationships, but this was not always robust across the different control groups. We did not find any decrement in satisfaction with health, self-reported health status, or satisfaction with income. Conclusion: The study quantifies the impact on the health and well-being of parents living with a child with ADHD using a survey of families attending ADHD clinics in the United Kingdom.

The Microbiological Quality of Cooked Rice from Restaurants and Take-Away Premises in the United Kingdom

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. NICHOLS ◽  
C. L. LITTLE ◽  
V. MITHANI ◽  
J. de LOUVOIS
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
The Uk

The microbiological quality of 4,162 samples of cooked rice from restaurants and take-away premises in the United Kingdom was examined, including ready-to-eat rice purchased at point-of-sale and rice that was stored precooked for reheating on demand. The majority of point-of-sale cooked rice samples (1,855 of 1,972; 94%) were of acceptable microbiological quality, but 15 (1%) samples were of unacceptable quality (Bacillus spp. and B. cereus, ≥105 CFU/g; Escherichia coli, ≥104 CFU/g), indicating a potential risk to health. The prevalence of Bacillus spp., B. cereus, and E. coli was significantly greater in precooked stored rice than in point-of-sale cooked rice (P &lt; 0.005 to 0.0005). Bacillus spp. (≥104 CFU/g), B. cereus (≥104 CFU/g), and E. coli (≥102 CFU/g) were present in 7%, 2%, and 9% of precooked stored samples, respectively, compared to 2%, 0.5%, and 1%, respectively in point-of-sale samples. Although final heating at the point of sale reduces the levels of microorganisms present in rice it will not inactivate the B. cereus emetic toxin if present. Rice from Indian premises was of poorer microbiological quality than that from Chinese and other premises. Although most point-of-sale cooked rice samples (94%) were of an acceptable microbiological quality, evidence from this study indicates that the microbiological quality of cooked rice sold from certain outlets in the UK is of concern.

scholarly journals Work Schedules and Work–Family Conflict Among Dual Earners in Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Tammelin ◽  
Kaisa Malinen ◽  
Anna Rönkä ◽  
Melissa Verhoef
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Dual Earners

Many European families are affected by the 24/7 economy, but relatively little is known about how working parents experience nonstandard hours. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible associations of dual earners’ work schedules and other work-related factors with their experience of time- and strain-based work–family conflict. These phenomena were examined among dual earners living in Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, countries that differ in working time practices and policies. Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to analyze cross-cultural data on dual earners with children aged 0 to 12 years ( N = 1,000). The results showed that working nonstandard schedules was associated with increased time-based work–family conflict, but only among Finnish and British parents. Poorer financial situation, working longer hours, more time spent working at very high speed, and lower work satisfaction were associated with both types of work–family conflict in all countries.

Re-visioning social work education: A nonexclusive challenge for the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Carolina Muñoz-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Work Education ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Vacancy Rates ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Work Education

The analyses of the contesting moment social work faces in the United Kingdom bring to discussion many claims that appear familiar to the context and performance of social work in Chile. This note compares the UK assessment of social work education and professional practice with Chilean social work, concluding that rising demand, high vacancy rates and reliance on agency staff, quality of recruits and training, and low status of the profession are issues shared by both countries, raising the question of how to improve international standards of the profession.

scholarly journals PP024 Changes In Reporting Characteristics Of Systematic Reviews For The United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Eva Kaltenthaler ◽  
Christopher Carroll
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Complete Reporting

INTRODUCTION:A recent publication reported that increasing numbers of systematic reviews are being published and, although standards have improved, many are still poorly conducted and reported, especially non-Cochrane systematic reviews (1). The aim of this study was to assess the quality of the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews undertaken for the United Kingdom (UK) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme and published in the International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care (2) and compare those undertaken in 2004 and 2014.METHODS:A comparative sample of all systematic reviews published in 2004 and 2014 in the UK HTA monograph series was identified by a structured search of MEDLINE in August 2016. After piloting of the form, two reviewers each extracted relevant data. These data were tabulated and summarized.RESULTS:The search identified twenty-three systematic reviews from 2004 and thirty from 2014. By 2014, compared with 2004, a smaller proportion of treatment (53 percent versus 70 percent) and pharmaceutical (20 percent versus 57 percent) reviews were being published. In 2014, there were much higher percentages of review registrations (70 percent versus 0 percent) and available protocols (90 percent versus 17 percent); increased explicit inclusion of unpublished literature (65 percent versus 39 percent); less frequent use of local checklists (32 percent versus 61 percent) for critical appraisal; more complete reporting of study flow for inclusion (97 percent versus 57 percent) and exclusion (91 percent and 65 percent) of studies; and there were more reviews reporting limitations affecting the review itself (73 percent versus 49 percent). The process had clearly become more reflective and rigorous. However, some previous weaknesses persisted, including the general absence of any assessment of publication bias and the failure to report overall numbers of patients in the review.CONCLUSIONS:Marked improvements can be seen in the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews published by the UK HTA programme as a result of the publication and general acceptance of the PRISMA statement (3) and the increased application of a smaller number of relevant standards.

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