Counting the population in need of international protection globally

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Brad K. Blitz ◽  
Alessio D’Angelo ◽  
Eleonore Kofman
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Related Services ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
And Gender

Different international and regional agencies count the number of persons crossing borders and internally displaced within states worldwide. Boosted in particular by conflicts in the Middle East, the number of refugees has grown to 15.1 million in 2015 and people of concern to 63.5 million. States have also sought to reduce the number recognised as Convention refugees (as defined in 1951) and are seeking to reinterpret their obligations and introducing limitations on those to be protected. The quality of data used to advance UNHCR programmes varies from one category of protected person to another, thus raising important questions for the management and delivery of protection-related services. Moreover, data are not disaggregated by age and gender, and in spite of greater efforts at multilateral cooperation, these datasets do not cover the same populations as those produced by other agencies. This chapter reviews the coverage of people of concern in the UNHCR’s guidelines and identifies gaps in the datasets used by UN and multilateral agencies tasked with the protection of refugees, IDPs and other people of concern. It suggests that these datasets need to be broadened to include other categories of vulnerable individuals and groups and that further disaggregation is needed.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients and Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1978
Author(s):  
Tjaša Filipčič ◽  
Špela Bogataj ◽  
Jernej Pajek ◽  
Maja Pajek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Comorbidity Score ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
And Gender

Hemodialysis (HD) patients have lower functional abilities compared to healthy people, and this is associated with lower physical activity in everyday life. This may affect their quality of life, but research on this topic is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between habitual physical activity and quality of life in HD patients and healthy controls. Ninety-three HD patients and 140 controls participated in the study. Quality of life was assessed using a 36-item medical outcomes study short-form health survey (SF-36). Human Activity Profile (HAP) was used to assess habitual physical activity. The adjusted activity score (AAS) from HAP, age, gender, fat tissue index (FTI), lean tissue index (LTI), and Davies comorbidity score were analyzed as possible predictors of the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the SF-36. Three sequential linear models were used to model PCS. In Model 1, PCS was regressed by gender and age; in Model 2 the LTI, FTI, and Davies comorbidity scores were added. Model 3 also included AAS. After controlling for age and gender (ModelHD 1: p = 0.056), LTI, FTI, and Davies comorbidity score effects (ModelHD 2: p = 0.181), the AAS accounted for 32% of the variation in PCS of HD patients (ModelHD 3: p < 0.001). Consequently, the PCS of HD patients would increase by 0.431 points if the AAS increased by one point. However, in healthy controls, AAS had a lower impact than in the HD sample (B = 0.359 vs. 0.431), while the corresponding effects of age and gender (ModelH 1: p < 0.001), LTI, FTI, and Davies comorbidity score (ModelH 2: p < 0.001) were adjusted for. The proportion of variation in PCS attributed to AAS was 14.9% (ModelH 3: p < 0.001). The current study results showed that physical activity in everyday life as measured by the HAP questionnaire is associated to a higher degree with the quality of life of HD patients than in healthy subjects. Routine physical activity programs are therefore highly justified, and the nephrology community should play a leading role in this effort.

scholarly journals Quality of life following road traffic injury: the impact of age and gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1587-1596
Author(s):  
R. Rissanen ◽  
J. Ifver ◽  
M. Hasselberg ◽  
H.-Y. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Traffic Injury ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMAMD.S1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah C. Tanton ◽  
Thomas A. Cappaert ◽  
Paul M. Gordon ◽  
Robert F. Zoeller ◽  
Theodore J. Angelopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Unilateral Training ◽  
Older Males

Purpose To assess strength, size, and muscle quality differences between younger and older males and females in response to training. Methods The bicep and tricep of the non-dominant arm were trained for twelve weeks in younger and older males and females (n = 41). The bicep of both arms were assessed pre and post for muscle strength using one-repetition maximum (1 RM) testing, and size using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results Strength (p < 0.05), mCSA (p < 0.05), and 1 RM MQ (p < 0.00) increased in response to training in all subjects regardless of age or gender. Younger and older subjects had similar increases in strength (45.49 ± 15.30% vs. 42.67 ± 26.67% respectively), mCSA (16.22 ± 7.98% vs. 19.17 ± 6.19% respectively), and 1RM MQ (25.73 ± 15.76 vs. 19.67 ± 20.66 respectively). Women increased their strength (55.59 ± 19.45% vs. 32.87 ± 15.66% p < 0.00 respectively), size (20.36 ± 6.29% vs. 14.72 ± 7.28% p < 0.02 respectively), and 1 RM MQ (29.74 ± 18.33% vs. 16.30 ± 15.59% p <.02) more than men. In comparing age and gender, younger females increased their strength more than older males (56.42 ± 12.92% vs. 29.17 ± 21.8% p <.02 respectively). Older females also increased their strength more than older males (54.68 ± 25.73 vs. 29.17 ± 21.80% respectively). Younger females increased their 1 RM MQ more than older males (.18 ± .08 kg/cm vs. .06 ± .08 kg/cm p <.02 respectively). Conclusion Strength and mCSA increases similarly in older and younger subjects. However, the overall strength and quality of the muscle seems to improve more in women than in men.

scholarly journals Age and gender as determinants of the bone quality of the greater tuberosity: A HR-pQCT cadaver study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chlodwig Kirchhoff ◽  
Volker Braunstein ◽  
Stefan Milz ◽  
Christoph M Sprecher ◽  
Sonja Kirchhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Quality ◽  
Cadaver Study ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Greater Tuberosity ◽  
And Gender

Evaluating the Data Quality of a National Sample of Young Sexual and Gender Minorities Recruited Using Social Media: The Influence of Different Design Formats

2020 ◽  
pp. 089443932092824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Stern ◽  
Erin Fordyce ◽  
Rachel Carpenter ◽  
Melissa Heim Viox ◽  
Stuart Michaels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Population Recruitment ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
And Gender

Social media recruitment is no longer an uncharted avenue for survey research. The results thus far provide evidence of an engaging means of recruiting hard-to-reach populations. Questions remain, however, regarding whether the data collected using this method of recruitment produce quality data. This article assesses one aspect that may influence the quality of data gathered through nonprobability sampling using social media advertisements for a hard-to-reach sexual and gender minority youth population: recruitment design formats. The data come from the Survey of Today’s Adolescent Relationships and Transitions, which used a variety of forms of advertisements as survey recruitment tools on Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat. Results demonstrate that design decisions such as the format of the advertisement (e.g., video or static) and the use of eligibility language on the advertisements impact the quality of the data as measured by break-off rates and the use of nonsubstantive responses. Additionally, the type of device used affected the measures of data quality.

scholarly journals Pneumonia: Does Age or Gender Relate to the Presence of an SLP Dysphagia Consultation?

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Christopher Bolinger ◽  
James Dembowski ◽  
Kimberly Mory
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Hospital Policies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A retrospective study of 1489 hospital records examined the relationship of speech-language pathologist (SLP) consults for dysphagia to age and gender in pneumonia patients from an acute care setting. Age and gender disparities exist in healthcare. The research sought to determine if disparities existed in the presence/absence of SLP dysphagia consults related to age and gender. Results suggested SLPs were consulted on a greater percentage of geriatric patients overall; however, there were differences in the number of consults for each pneumonia type. More males and geriatric patients were seen than females and non-geriatric adults, respectively. Results may be used to address local hospital policies and protocols and thus increase quality of care by improving morbidity and mortality outcomes of geriatric patients with pneumonia.

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