The policing of minority groups

Good Policing ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Mike Hough
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Perceptions Of Police ◽  
Positive Outlook ◽  
Prison Populations ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines trust in the police and perceptions of police legitimacy among minority groups, focussing on those from migrant and ethnic minorities. These groups are disproportionately ensnared in the justice system in most ethnically diverse Western countries, and they are over-represented in their prison populations. The chapter offers an explanation for these patterns that focusses on the progressive social and economic marginalisation of migrants from visible minority groups over time, resulting from discriminatory treatment in systems of education, employment and justice. Migrants have generally arrived in their new countries with optimism and positive attitudes towards the police and other institutions of their chosen country. Over time and over generations, this positive outlook is overshadowed by negative experiences of the police, by falling trust in the police, and by reductions in levels of legitimacy conferred on the police. The chapter discusses ways of recovering relations between police and minority groups.

Making Friends across Ethnic Boundaries: Are Personal Networks of Adolescents Diverse?

2018 ◽  
pp. 176-200
Author(s):  
Frank van Tubergen ◽  
Sanne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Ethnic Boundaries ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Preferences ◽  
Making Friends

How ethnically diverse are the social networks of adolescents in Europe? The present study finds that ethnic majority youth in England, Germany, Netherlands and Sweden have very few ties to ethnic minority peers, either in the neighbourhood or at school. The networks of ethnic minorities are more mixed, because the groups to which they belong are smaller in size. Such structural opportunities for meeting members of other groups also plays a key role in understanding why some ethnic minority groups—being smaller in size—are more ‘open’ than other groups. Next to opportunities, also in-group preferences appear important. Both majority and minority groups exhibit a preference to befriend peers from their own ethnic group. Possibly, parents play a role in overcoming these ethnic boundaries. Findings suggest that having more ethnically mixed personal networks and more-positive attitudes towards other ethnic groups is transmitted from parents to their children.

scholarly journals Promoting police legitimacy among disengaged minority groups: Does procedural justice matter more?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha S Madon ◽  
Kristina Murphy ◽  
Elise Sargeant
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethnic Minority Group ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Perceptions Of Police

Procedural justice is known to enhance perceptions of police legitimacy. Studies show that procedural justice may be less effective for some individuals and groups, while others show it to be more effective. This study investigates the contingency of the procedural justice effect and considers the effectiveness of procedural justice for certain individuals through the concept of disengagement. Utilizing a survey of 1480 ethnic minority group members, the study tests whether or not disengagement moderates the effect of procedural justice on perceptions of police legitimacy. As expected, we find procedural justice is linked to enhanced perceptions of police legitimacy, while disengagement is associated with reduced perceptions of legitimacy. Interestingly, the study finds that procedural justice is more effective for building legitimacy for ethnic minority respondents who report being highly disengaged from police. These findings highlight how police might be able to improve perceptions of their legitimacy among disaffected minority communities.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

scholarly journals Social class versus cultural identity as factors in the residential segregation of ethnic groups in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver for 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Balakrishnan ◽  
Paul Maxim ◽  
Rozzet Jurdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Using Data

This article examines the relevance of the spatial assimilation model in understanding residential segregation of ethnic groups in the three largest gateway cities of Canada. Using data from the census of 2001 it finds that while the model may have worked for the European groups they are less applicable to the visible minorities such as the Chinese, South Asians and Blacks. Residential segregation reduces with generation for the European groups but not for the visible minorities. Canadian patterns seem to be different from that seen in the United States. Many visible minority groups maintain their concentration levels even in the suburbs. The findings seem to indicate that cultural preferences may be just as important as social class in the residential choices of visible minority groups.

scholarly journals Primary Science Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Gillian Ward ◽  
◽  
Helen Dixon ◽  
Helen Withy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Primary Science ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Over Time

Self-efficacious teachers are critical in the development of students’ positive attitudes towards science and scientific literacy yet to date little attention has been given to studies of experienced teachers of primary science and development of their self-efficacy (SE) beliefs. The aim of this study was to explore how two experienced teachers of primary science built their SE beliefs and outcome expectancy. Bandura’s (1977) SE framework provided the conceptual lens to understand participants’ experiences and beliefs. Findings suggest that teachers’ SE beliefs had developed over time, creating a foundation for a strong expectancy outcome. Each of the sources of influence made a significant contribution to their beliefs about their science teaching capability and the value of science. Seemingly, their strong outcome expectancy enabled them to be persistent and resilient, overcoming challenges as they arose. We argue that a strong expectancy outcome is necessary to ensure SE does not weaken over time.

scholarly journals Self-monitoring of blood pressure for preeclampsia patients: Knowledge and attitudes

Curationis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Munyungula ◽  
Simangele Shakwane
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The Self ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Positive Outlook

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the causes of maternal deaths and is also responsible for complications such as premature births worldwide. In South Africa, hypertensive disorders cause 14% of all maternal deaths. Evidence indicates that it may be beneficial to empower women to monitor their blood pressure (BP) in the comfort of their homes.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe preeclampsia patients’ knowledge and attitudes towards the self-monitoring of their BP.Method: An exploratory, descriptive and contextual qualitative research study was conducted. Fourteen preeclampsia patients were purposively sampled and participated in the study. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analysed using the thematic analytic approach.Results: The knowledge and attitudes towards the self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) were explored. Four themes emerged, namely understanding of hypertension disorders during pregnancy, openness on self-monitoring at home, its hindrances and benefits. The participants portrayed limited understanding and knowledge of preeclampsia, yet they had positive attitudes towards monitoring BP themselves and were open and willing to do self-monitoring at home.Conclusion: The use of SMBP may relieve overcrowding in public healthcare institutions. Encouraging patients to participate in self-monitoring could promote active participation and a positive outlook on their pregnancies. The unavailability and unaffordability of the equipment may pose a challenge to women with a low socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Mentoring partnerships for success : the role of mentoring in reconstructing professional identities and in creating a sense of belonging for internationally-educated teachers from visible minority groups in greater Toronto area school communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Mentoring Relationships ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Professional Identities ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
School Communities ◽  
Educational Stakeholders ◽  
Greater Toronto Area

This study explores and analyses mentoring relationships between unemployed and underemployed internationally-educated teachers (IETs) from visible minority groups and Canadian-experienced educators, and their influence on the re-establishment of migrant teachers' professional identities and perceptions of inclusion in Greater Toronto Area (GTA) school communities. A detailed literature review summarizes previously identified issues in this area while, nine in-depth interviews conducted with mentees, mentors and mentoring pairs in this study identify prior and newly emergent themes. Primary themes that transpired include: the presence of varying forms of resistance from the dominant community towards IETs; the role of mentoring relationships in meeting IETs' needs; and the importance of consistency, trust and honesty in building collaborative relationships that foster IETs' successful integration into the teaching field. Recommendations include: the delivery of equity-oriented programming through educational bodies; the development of sustainable occupation-specific teacher mentoring programs; and the promotion of IETs to the greater community by educational stakeholders.

scholarly journals Mentoring partnerships for success : the role of mentoring in reconstructing professional identities and in creating a sense of belonging for internationally-educated teachers from visible minority groups in greater Toronto area school communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Mentoring Relationships ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Professional Identities ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
School Communities ◽  
Educational Stakeholders ◽  
Greater Toronto Area

This study explores and analyses mentoring relationships between unemployed and underemployed internationally-educated teachers (IETs) from visible minority groups and Canadian-experienced educators, and their influence on the re-establishment of migrant teachers' professional identities and perceptions of inclusion in Greater Toronto Area (GTA) school communities. A detailed literature review summarizes previously identified issues in this area while, nine in-depth interviews conducted with mentees, mentors and mentoring pairs in this study identify prior and newly emergent themes. Primary themes that transpired include: the presence of varying forms of resistance from the dominant community towards IETs; the role of mentoring relationships in meeting IETs' needs; and the importance of consistency, trust and honesty in building collaborative relationships that foster IETs' successful integration into the teaching field. Recommendations include: the delivery of equity-oriented programming through educational bodies; the development of sustainable occupation-specific teacher mentoring programs; and the promotion of IETs to the greater community by educational stakeholders.

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