Investigation of the molecular mechanisms of Erv26p-dependent protein sorting.

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Bue
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Sorting ◽  
Dependent Protein

scholarly journals Genetic mapping and transcriptomic characterization of a new fuzzless-tufted cottonseed mutant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Hao Zhu ◽  
Warwick Stiller ◽  
Philippe Moncuquet ◽  
Stuart Gordon ◽  
Yuman Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Abstract Fiber mutants are unique and valuable resources for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling initiation and development of cotton fibers that are extremely elongated single epidermal cells protruding from the seed coat of cottonseeds. In this study, we reported a new fuzzless-tufted cotton mutant (Gossypium hirsutum) and showed that fuzzless-tufted near-isogenic lines (NILs) had similar agronomic traits and a higher ginning efficiency compared to their recurrent parents with normal fuzzy seeds. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is determined by a single incomplete dominant locus, designated N5. The mutation was fine mapped to an approximately 250-kb interval containing 33 annotated genes using a combination of bulked segregant sequencing, SNP chip genotyping, and fine mapping. Comparative transcriptomic analysis using 0–6 days post-anthesis (dpa) ovules from NILs segregating for the phenotypes of fuzzless-tufted (mutant) and normal fuzzy cottonseeds (wild-type) uncovered candidate genes responsible for the mutant phenotype. It also revealed that the flanking region of the N5 locus is enriched with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type. Several of those DEGs are members of the gene families with demonstrated roles in cell initiation and elongation, such as calcium-dependent protein kinase and expansin. The transcriptome landscape of the mutant was significantly reprogrammed in the 6 dpa ovules and, to a less extent, in the 0 dpa ovules, but not in the 2 and 4 dpa ovules. At both 0 and 6 dpa, the reprogrammed mutant transcriptome was mainly associated with cell wall modifications and transmembrane transportation, while transcription factor activity was significantly altered in the 6 dpa mutant ovules. These results imply a similar molecular basis for initiation of lint and fuzz fibers despite certain differences.

scholarly journals Ceramide chain length–dependent protein sorting into selective endoplasmic reticulum exit sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
pp. eaba8237
Author(s):  
Sofia Rodriguez-Gallardo ◽  
Kazuo Kurokawa ◽  
Susana Sabido-Bozo ◽  
Alejandro Cortes-Gomez ◽  
Atsuko Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Protein Sorting ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Lipid Chain ◽  
Secretory Transport ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Cellular Compartmentalization

Protein sorting in the secretory pathway is crucial to maintain cellular compartmentalization and homeostasis. In addition to coat-mediated sorting, the role of lipids in driving protein sorting during secretory transport is a longstanding fundamental question that still remains unanswered. Here, we conduct 3D simultaneous multicolor high-resolution live imaging to demonstrate in vivo that newly synthesized glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins having a very long chain ceramide lipid moiety are clustered and sorted into specialized endoplasmic reticulum exit sites that are distinct from those used by transmembrane proteins. Furthermore, we show that the chain length of ceramide in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is critical for this sorting selectivity. Our study provides the first direct in vivo evidence for lipid chain length–based protein cargo sorting into selective export sites of the secretory pathway.

scholarly journals Baicalin Attenuates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Liver Dysfunction: Dose-Response and Potential Role of CaMKKβ/AMPK/ACC Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 2349-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youli Xi ◽  
Miaozong Wu ◽  
Hongxia Li ◽  
Siqi Dong ◽  
Erfei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dependent Protein

Background/Aims: Obesity-associated fatty liver disease affects millions of individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of baicalin to treat obesity and fatty liver in high fat diet-induced obese mice, and to study the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: High fat diet-induced obese animals were treated with different doses of baicalin (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d). Whole body, fat pad and liver were weighed. Hyperlipidemia, liver steatosis, liver function, and hepatic Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) / AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) / acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were further evaluated. Results: Baicalin significantly decreased liver, epididymal fat and body weights in high fat diet-fed mice, which were associated with decreased serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, but increased serum HDL level. Pathological analysis revealed baicalin dose-dependently decreased the degree of hepatic steatosis, with predominantly diminished macrovesicular steatosis at lower dose but both macrovesicular and microvesicular steatoses at higher dose of baicalin. Baicalin dose-dependently inhibited hepatic CaMKKβ/AMPK/ACC pathway. Conclusion: These data suggest that baicalin up to 400 mg/kg/d is safe and able to decrease the degree of obesity and fatty liver diseases. Hepatic CaMKKβ/AMPK/ACC pathway may mediate the therapeutic effects of baicalin in high fat diet animal model.

Transient Removal of Extracellular Mg2+ Elicits Persistent Suppression of LTP at Hippocampal CA1 Synapses Via PKC Activation

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1279-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuei-Sen Hsu ◽  
Wen-Chia Ho ◽  
Chiung-Chun Huang ◽  
Jing-Jane Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein

Previous work has shown that seizure-like activity can disrupt the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). However, how seizure-like event disrupts the LTP induction remains unknown. To understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process better, a set of studies was implemented in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices using extracellular recording methods. We showed here that prior transient seizure-like activity generated by perfused slices with Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) exhibited a persistent suppression of LTP induction. This effect lasted between 2 and 3 h after normal ACSF replacement and was specifically inhibited by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonistd-2-amino-5-phosphovaleric acid (d-APV) and L-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channel (VOCC) blocker nimodipine, but not by non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). In addition, this suppressive effect was specifically blocked by the selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor NPC-15437. However, neither Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-62 nor cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor Rp-adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphothioate (Rp-cAMPS) affected this suppressive effect. This persistent suppression of LTP was not secondary to the long-lasting changes in NMDA receptor activation, because the isolated NMDA receptor–mediated responses did not show a long-term enhancement in response to a 30-min Mg2+-free ACSF application. Additionally, in prior Mg2+-free ACSF–treated slices, the entire frequency-response curve of LTP and long-term depression (LTD) is shifted systematically to favor LTD. These results suggest that the increase of Ca2+ influx through NMDA channels and L-type VOCCs in turn triggering a PKC-dependent signaling cascade is a possible cellular basis underlying this seizure-like activity-induced inhibition of LTP.

scholarly journals The AGC Kinase SsAgc1 Regulates Sporisorium scitamineum Mating/Filamentation and Pathogenicity

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixu Wang ◽  
Yi Zhen Deng ◽  
Guobing Cui ◽  
Chengwei Huang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Sporisorium Scitamineum ◽  
Fungal Mating ◽  
Dependent Protein

ABSTRACT Sporisorium scitamineum is the fungal pathogen causing severe sugarcane smut disease that leads to massive economic losses globally. S. scitamineum invades host cane by dikaryotic hyphae, formed after sexual mating of two haploid sporidia of opposite mating type. Therefore, mating/filamentation is critical for S. scitamineum pathogenicity, while its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The AGC (cyclic AMP [cAMP]-dependent protein kinase 1 [protein kinase A {PKA}], cGMP-dependent protein kinase [PKG], and protein kinase C [PKC]) kinase family is a group of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases conserved among eukaryotic genomes, serving a variety of physiological functions, including cell growth, metabolism, differentiation, and cell death. In this study, we identified an AGC kinase, named SsAgc1 (for S. scitamineum Agc1), and characterized its function by reverse genetics. Our results showed that SsAgc1 is critical for S. scitamineum mating/filamentation and pathogenicity, and oxidative stress tolerance under some circumstances. Transcriptional profiling revealed that the SsAgc1 signaling pathway may control expression of the genes governing fungal mating/filamentation and tryptophan metabolism, especially for tryptophol production. We showed that tryptophan and tryptophol could at least partially restore ssagc1Δ mating/filamentation. Overall, our work revealed a signaling pathway mediated by AGC protein kinases to regulate fungal mating/filamentation, possibly through sensing and responding to tryptophol as signal molecules. IMPORTANCE The AGC signaling pathway represents a conserved distinct signaling pathway in regulation of fungal differentiation and virulence, while it has not been identified or characterized in the sugarcane smut fungus Sporisorium scitamineum. In this study, we identified a PAS domain-containing AGC kinase, SsAgc1, in S. scitamineum. Functional analysis revealed that SsAgc1 plays a regulatory role on the fungal dimorphic switch.

scholarly journals Inducible molecular switches for the study of long-term potentiation

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1432) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaël Hédou ◽  
Isabelle M. Mansuy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Strength And Plasticity ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Bases

This article reviews technical and conceptual advances in unravelling the molecular bases of long-term potentiation (LTP), learning and memory using genetic approaches. We focus on studies aimed at testing a model suggesting that protein kinases and protein phosphatases balance each other to control synaptic strength and plasticity. We describe how gene ‘knock-out’ technology was initially exploited to disrupt the Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKII α ) gene and how refined knock-in techniques later allowed an analysis of the role of distinct phosphorylation sites in CaMKII. Further to gene recombination, regulated gene expression using the tetracycline-controlled transactivator and reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator systems, a powerful new means for modulating the activity of specific molecules, has been applied to CaMKII α and the opposing protein phosphatase calcineurin. Together with electro-physiological and behavioural evaluation of the engineered mutant animals, these genetic methodologies have helped gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of plasticity and memory. Further technical developments are, however, awaited for an even higher level of finesse.

γ2 and γ1AP-1 complexes: Different essential functions and regulatory mechanisms in clathrin-dependent protein sorting

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zizioli ◽  
Constanze Geumann ◽  
Manuel Kratzke ◽  
Ratnakar Mishra ◽  
Guiseppe Borsani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Sorting ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Dependent Protein

Mechanism of protein sorting during erythroblast enucleation: role of cytoskeletal connectivity

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1912-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C.-M. Lee ◽  
J. Aura Gimm ◽  
Annie J. Lo ◽  
Mark J. Koury ◽  
Sharon W. Krauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Protein Sorting ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton ◽  
Skeletal Protein ◽  
Regulate Protein ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements

AbstractDuring erythroblast enucleation, nuclei surrounded by plasma membrane separate from erythroblast cytoplasm. A key aspect of this process is sorting of erythroblast plasma membrane components to reticulocytes and expelled nuclei. Although it is known that cytoskeletal elements actin and spectrin partition to reticulocytes, little is understood about molecular mechanisms governing plasma membrane protein sorting. We chose glycophorin A (GPA) as a model integral protein to begin investigating protein-sorting mechanisms. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting we found that GPA sorted predominantly to reticulocytes. We hypothesized that the degree of skeletal linkage might control the sorting pattern of transmembrane proteins. To explore this hypothesis, we quantified the extent of GPA association to the cytoskeleton in erythroblasts, young reticulocytes, and mature erythrocytes using fluorescence imaged microdeformation (FIMD) and observed that GPA underwent dramatic reorganization during terminal differentiation. We discovered that GPA was more connected to the membrane cytoskeleton, either directly or indirectly, in erythroblasts and young reticulocytes than in mature cells. We conclude that skeletal protein association can regulate protein sorting during enucleation. Further, we suggest that the enhanced rigidity of reticulocyte membranes observed in earlier investigations results, at least in part, from increased connectivity of GPA with the spectrin-based skeleton.

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