Organic chemistry under hydrothermal conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Avola ◽  
Marie Guillot ◽  
Denilson da Silva-Perez ◽  
Stephane Pellet-Rostaing ◽  
Werner Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
The Self ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Superheated Water ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Temperature Water

At elevated temperature, several properties of water are strongly altered compared to what our daily experience tells us: the dielectric constant of water, for example, is reduced, so that water can more easily solubilize organic molecules. In addition, the self-dissociation constant of water is increased (by three orders of magnitude at 250 °C), thus favoring H+- and OH–-catalyzed reactions. Surprisingly, while room-temperature water and supercritical water (SCW) are well known for promoting organic reactions, the middle temperature range still remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this contribution aims at giving an overview of organic reactions that may be promoted by superheated water.

TERRACE INDUCED HOMOCHIRAL SELF-ASSEMBLY OF ZINC PHTHALOCYANINEON COPPER (111) SURFACE

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650047
Author(s):  
XIN SONG ◽  
HUIHUI KONG ◽  
LACHENG LIU ◽  
XIAOQING LIU ◽  
MINGDONG DONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
The Self ◽  
Step Edge ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Molecular Assemblies ◽  
Lower Terrace

It is still a challenge to find a suitable method to fabricate a well-defined homochiral surface from achiral molecules, and one of the possible methods is to modify surfaces with organic molecular assemblies. Large-area chiral self-assembly nanostructures have been observed at room temperature by depositing ZnPc molecules on a Cu(111) surface. The growth process has been investigated. ZnPc molecules get adsorbed first at the terrace steps, and then extend over the lower terrace until the whole terrace is covered with ZnPc molecules; such growth process would be stopped when the self-assembly nanostructure run into a decorated upper terrace step edge. We found that the terrace steps with specific directions with respect to the close-packed directions of the substrate can induce homochiral self-assembly on the lower terraces. So we can propose a possible way to fabricate a well-defined homochiral surface from achiral organic molecules.

Microemulsions as microreactors in physical organic chemistry

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis García-Río ◽  
J. Ramon Leis ◽  
Juan Carlos Mejuto ◽  
Moisés Pérez-Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Physical Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Reaction ◽  
Physical Organic ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Reaction Media

Microemulsions are very versatile reaction media which nowadays find many applications, ranging from nanoparticle templating to preparative organic chemistry. The thermodynamically stable and microheterogeneous nature of microemulsions, used as reaction media, induces drastic changes in the reagent concentrations, and this can be specifically used for tuning the reaction rates. In particular, amphiphilic organic molecules can accumulate and orient at the oil-water interface, inducing regiospecificity in organic reactions. In this review, we will show the recent tendencies of the use of microemulsions as organic reaction media.

Fluorine Chemistry for Organic Chemists

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Hudlic'ky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Fluorine Chemistry ◽  
Fluorine Compounds ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Reduction And Oxidation ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
The Many

This book is a synthesis of two of Hudlicky's earlier books outlining the many unpredictable properties of fluorine and its compounds that are not analogous to the properties of any other halogens and their compounds. It is divided into two separate sections, the first presenting peculiar reactions as problems to be solved. Each reaction can be analyzed in the lab without the help of the second section, however if a solution is not easily reached, the second section provides discussion of the problems, outlining the products of the reactions and their mechanisms. Among the 105 reactions outlined are the introduction of fluorine into organic molecules, reduction and oxidation of fluorine compounds, reactions of fluorocompounds with halogens and their derivatives, nitration, acid catalyzed reactions, organometallic syntheses, and pyrolyses. The reactions are documented in the experimental material of the earlier volumes and will be important background knowledge for anyone working in organic chemistry.

Temperature Dependence of the Self-Assembled Styrene Based Random Ionomers in Aqueous Solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hwa Oh ◽  
Ju-Myung Song ◽  
Joon-Seop Kim ◽  
Hyang-Rim Oh ◽  
Jeong-A Yu
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Notable Effect ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Experimental Errors

AbstractSolution behaviors of poly(styrene-co-sodium methacrylate) were studied by fluorescence spectroscopic methods using pyrene as a probe. The mol% of methacrylate was in the range 3.6–9.4. Water and N,N-dimethylforamide(DMF) mixture was used as a solvent (DMF/water = 0.2 mol %). The critical micelle (or aggregation) concentrations of ionomers and the partition coefficients of pyrene were obtained the temperature range 10–80°C. At room temperature, the values of CMCs (or CACs) were in the range 4.7 ×10-6 5.3 ×10-6 g/mL and we could not find any notable effect of the content of ionic repeat units within the experimental errors. Unlike CMCs, as the ion content increased, partitioning of pyrene between the hydrophobic aggregates and an aqueous media decreased from 1.5 ×105 to 9.4 ×104. As the temperature increased from 10 to 80 °C, the values of CMCs increased less than one order of magnitude. While, the partition coefficients of pyrene decreased one order of magnitude and the effect of the ion content became negligible.

The molecular diversity of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene in organic chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani ◽  
Fatemeh Mohajer ◽  
Suraj N. Mali
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Recent Application ◽  
Organic Structure

: 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (1,8-DAN) with special organic structure was applied in organic synthesis to provide efficient complex scaffolds, through the two or four-component fashion. This review highlights its recent application in organic reactions under different conditions and heterogynous catalysts to produce various molecules, which were used as medicines, sensors, and dyes.

Strength degradation of lightguide fibres in room temperature water

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Kurkjian ◽  
M.J. Matthewson
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Strength Degradation ◽  
Temperature Water

scholarly journals Formation of Thiophene under Simulated Volcanic Hydrothermal Conditions on Earth—Implications for Early Life on Extraterrestrial Planets?

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Thomas Geisberger ◽  
Jessica Sobotta ◽  
Wolfgang Eisenreich ◽  
Claudia Huber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Evolution Of Metabolism ◽  
Thiophene Derivatives ◽  
The Origin Of Life

Thiophene was detected on Mars during the Curiosity mission in 2018. The compound was even suggested as a biomarker due to its possible origin from diagenesis or pyrolysis of biological material. In the laboratory, thiophene can be synthesized at 400 °C by reacting acetylene and hydrogen sulfide on alumina. We here show that thiophene and thiophene derivatives are also formed abiotically from acetylene and transition metal sulfides such as NiS, CoS and FeS under simulated volcanic, hydrothermal conditions on Early Earth. Exactly the same conditions were reported earlier to have yielded a plethora of organic molecules including fatty acids and other components of extant metabolism. It is therefore tempting to suggest that thiophenes from abiotic formation could indicate sites and conditions well-suited for the evolution of metabolism and potentially for the origin-of-life on extraterrestrial planets.

A review of the recent progress on heterogeneous catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (13) ◽  
pp. 4445-4469
Author(s):  
Jimmy Nelson Appaturi ◽  
Rajni Ratti ◽  
Bao Lee Phoon ◽  
Samaila Muazu Batagarawa ◽  
Israf Ud Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Synthetic Organic Chemistry

One of the most crucial attributes of synthetic organic chemistry is to design organic reactions under the facets of green chemistry for the sustainable production of chemicals.

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