On a Few of Ann and Rud Turnbull's Many Contributions as Public Intellectuals

Inclusion ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. S. Singer ◽  
Mian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
The Social ◽  
Impact On Family ◽  
State Of Affairs

Abstract This article reflects on a few of the major intellectual contributions Ann and Rud Turnbull and their colleagues at the Beach Center on Family and Disability have made to their academic fields and to the wider society. The focus is on some of their key ideas that have been particularly innovative and important in changing the way scholars, policy makers, practitioners, and parents understand families of children with disabilities. The state of affairs in 1960 for a family of a newborn with an intellectual disability is compared to present conditions in order to highlight the extent of the historic shift in how the United States addresses the needs of families of children with disabilities. Four key intellectual contributions by the Turnbulls are discussed, with attention given to the social context in which they were developed and their subsequent impact on family research, policy, and professional practices. The importance of the development of new measurement instruments is emphasized and their value is discussed in both redirecting research and bridging the gap between academic audiences and the families who are meant to benefit from this work.

Evaluating Social Work: Progress and Prospects

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Cheetham
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evaluative Research ◽  
Evidence Of Impact

Within the past decade, evaluative research has achieved an established and well-regarded place within the repertoire of social work inquiry. Although increasingly wide-ranging and methodologically sophisticated, social work evaluation still has to contend with important challenges. These include taking greater account of the several audiences of research, namely, service users, practitioners, and policy makers; developing, through a variety of research methods, the range and quality of evidence of impact; and drawing research, policy, and practice into closer union. To reach its full potential, social work research must focus both on individuals and their social worlds and must therefore be firmly rooted in the social sciences.

Dependence in Sociology: An Empirical Study of Asian Countries

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
Sripada Raju
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Sociological Knowledge ◽  
The North ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Six Nations ◽  
Science Community ◽  
State Of Affairs

AbstractSince the late sixties and seventies, there has been a well articulated concern in Asian countries about the "all pervasive" intellectual influence of Europe and the United States on social sciences in general and sociology in particular (Ashraf 1975; Alatas 1972, 1974; Kothari 1968; Kumar 1978; Goonatilake 1975; Singh 1973). A section of the social science community has suggested that while the diffusion of sociological knowledge-frameworks, paradigms, concepts, theories, methodologies, and substantive findings-from Europe and the United States has undoubtedly laid the foundations of sociology in Asia, it has also contributed to her intellectual dependence in the discipline. As a result of this diffusion process, the parameters of sociological reflection and research in Asia are being largely set by sociologists based in the North American and West European nations. Such a state of affairs, according to this view, stifles the creativity of Asian sociologists and comes in the way of the growth of sociological knowledge relevant to their needs and aspirations. The main purpose of the present paper is to examine with empirical data two questions related to the above concern: first, whether there is any intellectual dependence of sociology in Asia on Western nations, particularly the United States; second, whether this intellectual dependence, if it does exist, is increasing or decreasing over time. Bibliometric reference data from professional journals of six nations have been used to investigate these two questions.

Recreating Communities to Support Active Living: A New Role for Social Marketing

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Maibach
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
National Level ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Living ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pervasive Health ◽  
Marketing Approach

The lack of routine physical activity has become an all too pervasive health threat in the United States. Social marketing can be used directly to promote increased physical activity among people who have access to active living options (e.g., safe and convenient sidewalks or bike paths). A second, albeit indirect, use of social marketing to promote physical activity — and the focus of this article — involves promoting behaviors that influence the built environment for the purpose of increasing people's access to active living options. This use of social marketing involves changing the behavior of consumers, developers, distribution channels (e.g., real estate agents) and policy makers. The approach offers public health and other organizations a disciplined, consumer-focused means of mobilizing their available resources in a manner that maximizes the odds of creating active living communities. These means include understanding the competition, understanding target markets, creating mutually beneficial exchanges, segmenting markets and targeting them based on anticipated return. This article identifies specific opportunities for applying the social marketing approach to create active living communities, and identifies opportunities at the state and national level that will enhance the effectiveness of local efforts.

scholarly journals Constructing Drug Using Victims

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Laguna
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Laws ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Congressional Hearings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Congressional Hearing

Sociologists and political scientists examining the social construction of public anxiety surrounding drug use in the United States have argued that racial minorities are the targets of the harshest drug laws while middle-class whites are shielded. In this article, I provide further evidence that middle-class, white drug users are shielded from harsh punishment by analyzing the process through which U.S. legislators and policy makers decide which drug users need punishment and which deserve protection and treatment. Analyzing transcripts from federal Congressional hearings, I examine the rhetoric of legislators and stakeholder witnesses concerning the use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) by middle-class whites. Building on the social construction literature, I use social identity theory to demonstrate how legislators within Congressional hearings create in- and out-groups in order to categorize different drug users and dealers. My analysis of Congressional hearing language concerning white MDMA use demonstrates that Congressional speakers use rhetoric to convince committee members and the wider public that middle-class, white drug users are different from drug users of color and that the appropriate policy response is education and treatment rather than punishment. My findings highlight how middle-class, white drug users are characterized differently from drug users of color, providing further evidence that U.S. drug policy has historically favored middle-class, white drug users.

scholarly journals About and Based on the Book by Mikhail Taratuta “Russians and Americans”. Book review: Taratuta M. America and Russia. We are so Different. Moscow: Alpina Publisher; 2019. 318 p

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-591
Author(s):  
Natalia I Bubnova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
State Of Affairs

In her review of Michail Taratuta’s recently published volume “Russians and Americans”, Natalia Bubnova offers a thorough analysis of how the book depicts the troubled state of affairs in the U.S.-Russia relations, the historic and cultural factors that formed the national identities of Americans and Russians and the resulting differences in the mentalities of the two peoples, as well as the state of the current domestic life in the United States and Russia, the particularities of their health care and educations systems, their special features of gender relations, the functioning of local charity organizations, etc. Having lived and worked for many years in America, Taratuta, on a whole number of topics, focuses primarily on the United States. These include the ongoing political schism under the Trump’s Administration, the migration crisis and racial contradictions, the gun control problem, and the rise of both the left- and right-wing radicals. While siding with Taratuta’s assessments on a number of issues, Bubnova offers an alternative viewpoint on others, yet acknowledges the importance of the book’s overall perspective on the United States as a vibrant, resourceful and dynamic society, and not necessarily aggressive or conspiring against Russia. Though proceeding from an assumption that Americans and Russians have few similarities, Taratuta simultaneously believes that it is imperative to overcome the current confrontation, for which he blames both sides. The review points out to the social trends - some of which are reflected in the book - which, despite the political alienation, nevertheless manifest certain signs of cultural rapprochement.

Disclosure Conflicts

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Kinchy ◽  
Guy Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nature Of Information

Many governments and corporations have embraced information disclosure as an alternative to conventional environmental and public health regulation. Public policy research on transparency has examined the effects of particular disclosure policies, but there is limited research on how the construction of disclosure policies relates to social movements, or how transparency and ignorance are related. As a first step toward filling this theoretical gap, this study seeks to conceptualize disclosure conflicts, the social processes through which secrecy is challenged, defended, and mobilized in public technoscientific controversies. In the case of shale oil and gas development (“fracking”) in the United States, activists and policy makers have demanded information about the contents of fluids used in the extraction process and the routes of oil shipments by rail. Drilling and railroad companies have resisted both demands. Studies of such disputes reveal the dynamic and conflictual nature of information disclosure. In both cases, disclosure conflicts unfold dynamically over time, reflecting power disparities between industry groups and their challengers and requiring coalitions of activists to pursue multiple tactics. When a disclosure policy is established, it does not resolve social conflict but shifts the focus of struggle to the design of information systems, the quality of disclosed data, and the knowledge gaps that are now illuminated.

Work, Family, and Community: A Framework for Fighting Poverty

2019 ◽  
Vol 686 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-351
Author(s):  
Angela Rachidi ◽  
Robert Doar
Keyword(s):  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Support Employment ◽  
Individual Program ◽  
Work Family

The contributions to this volume make clear that the social safety net in the United States is large, complex, and robust. In this reflection, we offer insights into the adequacy of the existing safety net to reduce material hardship and meet the future challenges facing this nation. Our perspective is broad and moves from the effects of each individual program covered in this volume to the safety net’s function as a whole and its relation to employment and earnings. We offer a framework for reform that we believe should guide policy-makers and analysts moving forward, and we comment on challenges and potential solutions offered in this collection of work. We conclude with some suggestions for how the safety net can better support employment as the cornerstone of an antipoverty agenda and, by extension, help to build strong families and communities. With this framework in mind, we challenge the next generation of social safety net reformers to reconsider the structure of the social safety net, so it is focused on work, strong families, and vibrant communities.

scholarly journals Children with disabilities in the United States and the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Amy Houtrow ◽  
Debbi Harris ◽  
Ashli Molinero ◽  
Tal Levin-Decanini ◽  
Christopher Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Crisis Planning ◽  
Health Care Administrators ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals

Children with disabilities are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and the containment response. Their caregivers must now adapt to increased stressors such as lack of access to needed therapies, medical supplies, and nursing care. Prior to COVID-19 these families were already marginalized, and this has only worsened during the pandemic. As a vulnerable population, children with disabilities have not been the focus of much discussion during the pandemic, likely because the disease disproportionately impacts older individuals. Nonetheless, children with disabilities should be a focus of evaluation and intervention to mitigate the negative consequences of COVID-19 and the resulting containment strategies. Their needs should be included in future crisis planning, as well. In order to raise awareness of pediatric rehabilitation professionals, health care administrators, policy makers, and advocates, this manuscript provides a discussion of the following topics: the immediate and ongoing impacts on children with disabilities and their families, the ethical concerns and implications of triage protocols for scarce resources that consider disability in their scoring systems, and optimizing medical care and educational needs in the time of COVID.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship between Polish and British Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Michał Chmielecki ◽  
Robert Seliga
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Management Students

Abstract Background Entrepreneurship continues to gain momentum as a significant and relevant field of research. Policy makers in the rush to stimulate entrepreneurship in various countries, often rely on the success stories and prescriptions documented in the entrepreneurship literature in which most studies are set in the United States. Research aims The article present exploratory study addresses the subject of cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards entrepreneurship by focusing attention on two particular types of cultures of entrepreneurship British and Polish. Method The quantitative research (survey) was conducted in May 2014 among 153 Polish and 94 British graduate and postgraduate management students. Key findings The findings have some distinctive implications for government, policy makers and educators through determining the attitudes towards entrepreneurship among students.

scholarly journals Getting Connected: How Sociologists Can Access The High Tech Élite

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Undheim
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Elite Interviews

Élite studies have been relatively neglected in the qualitative methods literature (Coleman, 1996, p. 336; Hertz & Imber, 1995) . As a consequence, the interview methods literature in the social sciences does not adequately address the issue of access to élite interviews. Nor does it address the élite interview process itself (Breakwell, Hammond, & Fife-Schaw, 1995; Brenner, Brown, & Canter, 1985; Crabtree & Miller, 1992; Fog, 1994; Fowler & Mangione, 1990; McCracken , 1988; Stewart & Cash, 1997; Sudman & Bradburn, 1982; Weiss, 1994) . Despite its élite sample (scientists, engineers, policy- makers) the science and technology studies (STS) community (Undheim, 2002) suffers from the same lack of attention to access, with Traweek (1995) as a notable exception. The author discusses the small literature on qualitative élite studies ( Hertz & Imber, 1995; Walford, 1994) as well as contributions on élite interviewing (Burgess, 1988; Cassell, 1988; Dexter, 1970; Moyser, 1988; Spector, 1980; Thomas, 1995) . Practical consultation for interview practice is also given. Seeing access as an ongoing, precarious process, the author recommends improvisation by ways of a threefold journalistic, therapeutic, and investigative modus operandi. The author draws on a study of the situated nature of high tech practices and is based on interview experience with knowledge workers, experts, and high tech CEOs in the United States, Italy, and Norway. As well, he brings experiences from a previous study of regional innovation in Norway and Great Britain (Thorvik & Undheim, 1998) .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document