Electric Field Strengths at Totally Reflecting Interfaces

1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Harrick
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Strengths

Field-induced ionization of excited luminescent centers at high electric field strengths

1997 ◽  
Vol 72-74 ◽  
pp. 112-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhidong Lou ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Feng Teng ◽  
Xurong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Electric Field ◽  
Luminescent Centers ◽  
Field Strengths

scholarly journals Induced electronic phenomena in crystals of p-GaSe semiconductor promising for optoelectronics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012179
Author(s):  
R F Babayeva
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Dark Current ◽  
Qualitative Explanation ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Spectrum Change ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Impurity Photoconductivity ◽  
Low Illumination ◽  
Field Strengths

Abstract An induced impurity photoconductivity by the electric field, thermally stimulated conductivity and spontaneous pulsations of the dark current were found in the undoped (with a dark resistivity P77≈3•104÷108 Ω-cm at T≈77 K) and erbium doped (NEr=10–5÷10–1 at.%) p-GaSe crystals in the temperature range of T≤240÷250 K at electric field strengths (E) creating a noticeable injection. It was found that the value of the observed impurity photoconductivity (M) monotonically increase at low illumination in undoped crystals with increasing P77 and its spectrum smoothly expands towards longer waves. The value of ∆ii and the width of its spectrum change non-monotonically with increasing NEr in doped crystal and it gets its maximum value at NEr ≈5•10-4 at.%. The intensity of spontaneous pulsations increases with increasing E at the higher electric field strengths. However, the impurity photoconductivity and the peak of thermally stimulated conductivity gradually disappeared. The amplitude and frequency of the observed spontaneous pulsations of the dark current is increased with increasing in the injection ability of the contacts. Moreover, the pulsations of the dark current gradually disappeared with increasing T. It was shown that all these three phenomena are directly caused by the recharge of sticking levels with a depth Er ≈+0.42 eV and a density Nt≈ 1015 cm-3 by injected holes. However, in high-resistance undoped and doped Er ≤10-2 at.% crystals, it is also necessary to consider the presence of random macroscopic defects in the samples to explain their features. A qualitative explanation is proposed based on the obtained results.

A 4 × 4 array multichannel magnetic stimulation system using submillimeter sized planar square spiral coils: The spatial distribution of electromagnetic field

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Limei Song ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Jinhai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Average Magnetic Field ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
Field Strengths

Multi-coil magnetic stimulation has advantages over single-coil magnetic stimulation, such as more accurate targeting and larger stimulation range. In this paper, a 4 × 4 array multichannel magnetic stimulation system based on a submillimeter planar square spiral coil is proposed. The effects of multiple currents with different directions on the electromagnetic field strength and the focusing zone of the array-structured magnetic stimulation system are studied. The spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field are discussed. In addition, a method is proposed that can predict the spatial distributions of the electric and magnetic fields when currents in different directions are applied to the array-structured magnetic stimulation system. The study results show that in the section of z = 2 μm, the maximum and average magnetic field strengths of the array-structured magnetic stimulation system are 6.39 mT and 2.68 mT, respectively. The maximum and average electric field strengths are 614.7 mV/m and 122.82 mV/m, respectively, where 84.39% of the measured electric field values are greater than 73 mV/m. The average magnetic field strength of the focusing zone, i.e., the zone in between the two coils, is 3.38 mT with a mean square deviation of 0.18. Therefore, the array-structured multi-channel magnetic stimulation system based on a planar square spiral coil can have a small size of 412 μm × 412 μm × 1.7 μm, which helps improving the spatial distribution of electromagnetic field and increase the effectiveness of magnetic stimulation. The main contribution of this paper is a method for designing multichannel micro-magnetic stimulation devices.

Electron Drift Velocities in Liquefied Argon and Krypton at Low Electric Field Strengths

1966 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Schnyders ◽  
Stuart A. Rice ◽  
Lothar Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
Field Strengths

The relationship between chemical composition and electrical conductivity of some North American micas

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Crine ◽  
A. Friedmann ◽  
M. R. Wertheimer ◽  
A. Yelon
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
North American ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Percolation Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Strengths

The electrical conductivity of various North American micas has been measured at room temperature for electric field strengths ranging from 102 to 5 × 104 V cm−1. It is shown that the conductivities observed are consistent with a percolation model in which Fe3+ provides the hopping centers.

CHARACTERISATION OF THE COMPLEX SHEAR MODULUS PROPERTIES OF ELECTRO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS BY THE DIRECT STIFFNESS AND MASTER CURVE TECHNIQUES

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (23n24) ◽  
pp. 3227-3236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S O Oyadiji
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Master Curve ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Direct Stiffness ◽  
Er Fluid ◽  
Field Strengths

The direct stiffness technique was employed to characterise the complex modulus properties of a silicone oil-based electrorheological fluid over a frequency range from 30Hz to 300Hz and a temperature range from 0°C to 60ºC. The ER fluid device utilised was a set of concentric cylinders possessing a radial gap of 3mm between adjacent cylinders. Electric field strengths of between 0kV/mm and 2kV/mm were applied across the ER fluid. The results show that the shear modulus of the ER fluid decreased monotonically as the temperature was increased from 0ºC to 60ºC. Overall, the shear modulus decreased by a factor of up to 20. On the other hand, the shear loss factor increased from a low value of about 0.05 at 0ºC to a high value of about 1.0 at 60ºC. Conversely, as the electric field strength was increased from 0kV/mm to 2kV/mm, the shear modulus increased whereas the loss factor decreased. At all temperatures and electric field strengths of these investigations, both the shear modulus and loss factor increased in value as the excitation frequency was increased. The sets of measured temperature- and frequency-dependent data were converted, using the master curve technique, to master curves of shear modulus and loss factor which vary with frequency over several decades at a constant reference temperature and for varying levels of the electric field strength.

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