von Kries Coefficient Law Applied to Subjective Color Change Induced by Background Color*

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takasaki
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Background Color

scholarly journals PENGARUH RESIN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN WARNA PADA CAT TEMBOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Nurlela Nurlela ◽  
Risnawati Risnawati
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Synthetic Resins ◽  
Color Background

The Influence of Resin against the Change of Color on the Wall PaintThe quality of the paint is determined by the resin used. Synthetic resins for polymer paints are made by combining several monomers to achieve various characteristics. The incorporation of some monomers such as polyvinyl acetate resin, acrylic vinyl resin and acrylic styrene resin which act as a binder can affect the quality of the paint especially the color change. The purpose of this study is to find the color changes that occur on the wall paint by using Poly Styrene Acrylic , Poly Vinyl Acetate and Poly Vinyl Acrylic. From the results of the measurement of color difference, significant color change occurs in the Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAc) + Poly Vinyl Acrylic (PVA) and Poly Styrene Acrylic (PSA). The results of the quality test of the three resins based on pH test, scrub test and viscosity test, PSA has better quality compared to PVA + PVAc and PVA resin. From the color difference measurement test, some things need to be considered, are temperature, film thickness, substrate color/background color and measurement conditions (measured in wet sample/in plate/dry surface) and test on resin added additive according to the type of each resin.Keywords: Paint, Resin, Color Changes, Poly Vinyl Acetate, Poly Styrene.ABSTRAK Kualitas dari cat sangat ditentukan oleh resin yang digunakan. Resin sintetis untuk cat berupa polimer yang dibuat dengan menggabung beberapa monomer untuk mencapai berbagai karakteristik. Penggabungan dari beberapa monomer seperti resin poli vinil asetat, resin vinil akrilik dan resin stirena akrilik yang berfungsi sebagai pengikat mampu mempengaruhi kualitas cat terutama dari perubahan warna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan warna yang terjadi pada cat tembok dengan menggunakan Poli Stirena Akrilik, Poli Vinil asetat dan Poli Vinil Akrilik. Dari hasil pengukuran perbedaan warna, perubahan warna cukup signifikan terjadi pada resin Poli vinil Asetat (PVAc) + Poli Vinil Akrilik (PVA) dan resin  Poli Stirena Akrilik (PSA). Hasil uji Kualitas cat dari ketiga resin berdasarkan uji pH, uji scrub dan uji viscositas, PSA memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan resin PVA+PVAc dan PVA. Dari pengujian pengukuran perbedaan warna, beberapa hal yang perlu di perhatikan, yaitu suhu, film thickness, warna substrat/background color dan kondisi pengukuran (diukur dalam keadaan wet sample/dalam bentuk plate/dry surface) dan pengujian terhadap resin yang ditambahkan zat aditif yang sesuai dengan tipe masing-masing resin tersebut.Kata Kunci: Cat, Resin, Perubahan Warna, Poli Vinil, Poli Stirena.

The control of color change in the Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Stegen ◽  
C M Gienger ◽  
Lixing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Hyla Regilla ◽  
Background Matching ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Initial Color

A number of environmental variables have been identified as affecting anuran color, but rarely have the interactions between these variables been investigated. In attempt to elucidate the function of color change, we conducted a within-subject, full factorial experiment designed to determine the simple and interactive effects of background, temperature, and light intensity on the rate of color change in the Pacific tree frog (Hyla regilla Baird and Girard, 1852). Color was investigated holistically, as well as by decomposing it into its constituent parts (hue, chroma, and lightness), using digital photography. The rate of color change was faster on the green versus the brown background, at 10 versus 25 °C, and at low versus high light intensity. There was also a significant effect of the interaction between background color and temperature on the rate of color change. We found increased rates of hue, chroma, lightness, and color change with increasing initial hue, chroma, lightness, and color distances between the Pacific tree frog and its background, respectively. In addition, initial color distance covaried with changes in environmental variables. After controlling for initial color distance, and thus the effects of background matching, background color and temperature still showed a significant interaction for their effects on rate of color change. These results suggest that crypsis (i.e., background matching) is not the only function of physiological color change in H. regilla. Physiological color change may also be used to hydro- and (or) thermo-regulate.

Effects of Background Color and Predation Risk on Color Change in Fire Salamander Larvae

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ori Segev
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Color Change ◽  
White Background ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Background Matching ◽  
Threat Sensitivity ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Fire Salamander

The threat-sensitivity hypothesis assumes individuals should demonstrate flexibility in response to perceived predation risk and vary the intensity of anti-predator responses in concert with perceived risk of predation. Substrate color matching is adaptive as it enables organisms to become less conspicuous to both their prey and predators. I hypothesized that newborn fire salamander (Salamandra infraimmaculata) larvae will respond fast through physiological color change to contrasting backgrounds, becoming lighter against a white background and darker against a black background. Additionally, in accordance with the threat-sensitivity hypothesis, I expected a background color x predator interaction—i.e., that predator presence will further enhance the focal larvae color-matching response. To explicitly test these hypotheses I conducted a replicated outdoor mesocosm experiment. I used a two-by-two factorial design: pools of black or white background color crossed with the presence or absence of a larger cannibalistic conspecific. Digital photos of the focal larvae's dorsal view revealed that larval brightness and chroma changed accordingly against the contrasting black and white backgrounds to increase background matching. Although not statistically significant, larvae tended to show a stronger color-change response towards enhanced background matching in the presence of the free predator. Larval survival was strongly reduced in the presence of the larger conspecific, with no apparent effect of background color. This study demonstrates that Salamandra larvae are capable of environmentally induced physiological color change and highlights the need for further investigation into the interplay between threat intensity, mechanisms of risk assessment, and physiological antipredator responses.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of eyespots and masquerade in protecting artificial prey across ontogenetic and seasonal shifts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Postema
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Avian Predators ◽  
Signal Environment ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Bird Feces ◽  
Seasonal Shifts

Abstract When constraints on antipredator coloration shift over the course of development, it can be advantageous for animals to adopt different color strategies for each life stage. Many caterpillars in the genus Papilio exhibit unique ontogenetic color sequences: e.g., early instars that masquerade as bird feces, with later instars possessing eyespots. I hypothesize that larvae abandon feces masquerade in lieu of eyespots due to ontogenetic changes in signaler size. This ontogenetic pattern also occurs within broader seasonal shifts in background color and predator activity. I conducted predation experiments with artificial prey to determine how potential signaling constraints (specifically size and season) shape predation risk, and consequently the expression of ontogenetic color change in Papilio larvae. Seasonally, both predation and background greenness declined significantly from July to September, though there was little evidence that these patterns impacted the effectiveness of either color strategy. Caterpillar size and color strongly affected the attack rate of avian predators: attacks increased with prey size regardless of color, and eyespotted prey were attacked more than masquerading prey overall. These results may reflect a key size-mediated tradeoff between conspicuousness and intimidation in eyespotted prey, and raise questions about how interwoven aspects of behavior and signal environment might maintain the prevalence of large, eyespotted larvae in nature.

The Effect of Symbol Background Color on the Speed of Locating Targets by Adults Without Disabilities: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Display Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482-1488
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Thistle
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Perceptual Factors

Purpose Previous research with children with and without disabilities has demonstrated that visual–perceptual factors can influence the speech of locating a target on an array. Adults without disabilities often facilitate the learning and use of a child's augmentative and alternative communication system. The current research examined how the presence of symbol background color influenced the speed with which adults without disabilities located target line drawings in 2 studies. Method Both studies used a between-subjects design. In the 1st study, 30 adults (ages 18–29 years) located targets in a 16-symbol array. In the 2nd study, 30 adults (ages 18–34 years) located targets in a 60-symbol array. There were 3 conditions in each study: symbol background color, symbol background white with a black border, and symbol background white with a color border. Results In the 1st study, reaction times across groups were not significantly different. In the 2nd study, participants in the symbol background color condition were significantly faster than participants in the other conditions, and participants in the symbol background white with black border were significantly slower than participants in the other conditions. Conclusion Communication partners may benefit from the presence of background color, especially when supporting children using displays with many symbols.

Color Change Can Be Earliest Sign of Melanoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (22) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY F. KIRN
Keyword(s):  
Color Change

Red, White, & Blue: Does Background Color Affect Solving Anagrams?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Steele ◽  
Christopher Thorstenson ◽  
Kristen Sugg ◽  
Erin Gurgainous ◽  
Andrea Steche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Background Color

Assessment of Color Stability of Treated Leathers with Silicone Oil and Polyethylene Glycol

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Alireza K. ◽  
Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Mohsen Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Antioxidant Additive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Lubricants and leather dressings are the most common treatments of dry and water logged historical leathers. Color change has a great importance during the time and treatment process, due to visual and aesthetic values of historic leather relics. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and silicone oil (SiO) are frequently used leather dressings in the conservation procedures. Therefore, color stability of treated leathers with PEG and SiO were investigated before and after heat accelerated aging. Moreover, application of ascorbic acid was evaluated as an antioxidant additive for PEG (PEG+AA).Color change after treatment and aging were studied by colorimetry technique in the CIE *L*a*b system. Results indicated to severe color alteration in PEG treated and aged leathers with or without ascorbic acid. Whereas, SiO treated samples showed better stability and minimum color shift after aging. Silicone oil was characterized as the best dressing for historical leathers with compared to PEG and PEG+AA, due to its high stability and aesthetical properties.

Laser Influence on Dental Sensitivity Compared to Other Light Sources Used During In-office Dental Bleaching: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
BGS Casado ◽  
EP Pellizzer ◽  
JR Souto Maior ◽  
CAA Lemos ◽  
BCE Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

Clinical Relevance The use of laser light during bleaching will not reduce the incidence or severity of sensitivity and will not increase the degree of color change compared with nonlaser light sources. SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate whether the use of laser during in-office bleaching promotes a reduction in dental sensitivity after bleaching compared with other light sources. Methods: The present review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and is registered with PROSPERO (CDR42018096591). Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published up to August 2018. Only randomized clinical trials among adults that compared the use of laser during in-office whitening and other light sources were considered eligible. Results: After analysis of the texts retrieved during the database search, six articles met the eligibility criteria and were selected for the present review. For the outcome dental sensitivity, no significant difference was found favoring any type of light either for intensity (mean difference [MD]: −1.60; confidence interval [CI]: −3.42 to 0.22; p=0.09) or incidence (MD: 1.00; CI: 0.755 to 1.33; p=1.00). Regarding change in tooth color, no significant differences were found between the use of the laser and other light sources (MD: −2.22; CI: −6.36 to 1.93; p=0.29). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, laser exerts no influence on tooth sensitivity compared with other light sources when used during in-office bleaching. The included studies demonstrated that laser use during in-office bleaching may have no influence on tooth color change.

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