scholarly journals Adiabatically Focusing X-Rays to Nanometer Scale by one dimensional long kinoform lenses: Comparison between Ideal Cartesian Oval Refocusing Lens and Parabolic Lens

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUANZE XU ◽  
Xing Yang ◽  
Tongsuo Lu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
He Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
One Dimensional

Curved X-ray Trajectories in Nonperfect Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dietrich ◽  
J. Härtwig ◽  
G. Hölzer ◽  
R. Kittner
Keyword(s):  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
X Rays ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ray Trajectories ◽  
Deformation Gradients

Abstract X-ray trajectories are determined qualitatively and numerically for some one-dimensional deformation gradients by means of Katos geometrical optics. Based on these results the channelization of X-rays and the X-ray contrast are discussed and proved experimetally.

scholarly journals Development of X-ray streak camera electronics at AWRE

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Jackson ◽  
R. D. Long ◽  
D. Lee ◽  
N. J. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Streak Camera ◽  
Sweep Rate ◽  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Crystal Spectrometer ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ramp Generator ◽  
Laser Facility ◽  
User Facility

The paper reviews a number of X-ray streak cameras developed at AWRE. These cameras are used to provide temporal and one-dimensional spatial or spectral information on X-rays emitted from laser produced plasmas. Two of these cameras have been designed to be combined with other diagnostic instrumentation; one with a Wolter X-ray microscope (×22 magnification) and the other with a Bragg diffraction crystal spectrometer. This latter instrument provides a few eV spectral resolution and ∼15 ps temporal resolution; a typical experimental application at the AWRE HELEN laser facility will be described. The paper describes the circuitry of the bipolar avalanche transistor ramp generator used to drive the streak plates of the cameras. Improvements to this include: (a) increasing the fastest streak rate to ∼10 ps mm−1 by a distributed capacitance network across each of the bipolar stacks of transistors, and (b) reducing the trigger jitter to approximately ±10 ps by the use of a new mix of transistors in the stack and a Raytheon RS 3500 avalanche transistor. Additional improvements have now been added. These include a ‘half-scan’ user facility to aid initial camera timing and direct switching to select the sweep rate of the camera.

scholarly journals Pink-beam focusing with a one-dimensional compound refractive lens

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Dufresne ◽  
Robert W. Dunford ◽  
Elliot P. Kanter ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Seoksu Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Focusing ◽  
Insertion Device ◽  
Refractive Lens ◽  
Low Density Plasma ◽  
Photon Source

The performance of a cooled Be compound refractive lens (CRL) has been tested at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to enable vertical focusing of the pink beam and permit the X-ray beam to spatially overlap with an 80 µm-high low-density plasma that simulates astrophysical environments. Focusing the fundamental harmonics of an insertion device white beam increases the APS power density; here, a power density as high as 500 W mm−2was calculated. A CRL is chromatic so it does not efficiently focus X-rays whose energies are above the fundamental. Only the fundamental of the undulator focuses at the experiment. A two-chopper system reduces the power density on the imaging system and lens by four orders of magnitude, enabling imaging of the focal plane without any X-ray filter. A method to measure such high power density as well as the performance of the lens in focusing the pink beam is reported.

Control Design and Passivity Analysis for Scaled One-Dimensional Bilateral Teleoperated Nanomanipulation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Motamedi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadian ◽  
Gholam Reza Vossoughi ◽  
Farid Tajaddodianfar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Passivity Analysis ◽  
Teleoperation System

In this paper, a novel control approach for one-dimensional bilateral teleoperated nanomanipulation system is proposed. While manipulating objects with a nanomanipulator, real time visual feedback is not available. So, force feedback is used to compensate for the lack of visual information. Since nanometer scale forces are dominated by surface forces instead of inertial forces as in macro world, scaling of nanoforces is one of the major issues of teleoperation system. The Hertz elastic contact model is used to model the interactions between the slave robot and the environment. The proposed approach uses the simple proportional derivative control, i.e., the master and slave robots are connected via a virtual spring and damper. The passivity of the combination of control blocks and communication is demonstrated via the control passivity concept. The outcome is a robust platform to enforce master-slave position coordination and perform teleoperated nanomanipulation on a broad range of materials. Simulations are performed to confirm the proposed control approach.

scholarly journals SPEEM: The photoemission microscope at the dedicated microfocus PGM beamline UE49-PGMa at BESSY II

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Kronast ◽  
Sergio Valencia Molina
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Photoemission Electron

The UE49-PGMa beamline hosts a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) dedicated to spectromicroscopy and element-selective magnetic imaging on the nanometer scale. The instrument is an Elmitec PEEM III equipped with energy filter and Helium cooled manipulator. Laser driven excitations can be studied using an attached Ti:Sa laser. A variety of customized sample holders is available for imaging in moderate magnetic / electric field, temperature control, or local laser excitations. With x-rays the instrument is capable of 30 nm spatial resolution.

scholarly journals Recent Progresses in Nanometer Scale Analysis of Buried Layers and Interfaces in Thin Films by X-rays and Neutrons

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-922
Author(s):  
Krassimir STOEV ◽  
Kenji SAKURAI
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Buried Layers

Investigations of Buried Interfaces Using High Energy X-Ray Reflectivity

2001 ◽  
Vol 678 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rieutord ◽  
J. Eymery ◽  
O. Plantevin ◽  
B. Bataillou ◽  
D. Buttard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Angle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Buried Interfaces ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Silicon Silicon ◽  
Insulator Substrate

AbstractX-ray reflectivity using high-energy X-rays allows one to characterize interfaces between thick materials at nanometer scale. The technique combines the high penetration of X-rays allowing the crossing of the radiation through large thicknesses of material with the interface sensitivity of grazing angle techniques. In the case of a buried interface between two thick materials, the beam enters the sample through the side of one material and contributions of external surfaces are suppressed. Then, the technique is sensitive to the interface structure only. Examples are given using wafer bonding interfaces, both in the hydrophilic case (as used e.g. in Silicon-On-Insulator substrate fabrication) and in the hydrophobic case (Silicon/Silicon bonding).

Two-dimensional nanometer-scale calibration based on one-dimensional gratings

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. S831-S835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Garnaes ◽  
L. Nielsen ◽  
K. Dirscherl ◽  
J.F. Jørgensen ◽  
J.B. Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Scale Calibration

A Quasi-One-Dimensional Model for a Chain of Water Molecules on the Nanometer Scale

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 034501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Ke-Fei ◽  
Wan Rong-Zheng ◽  
Wang Chun-Lei ◽  
Ren Xiu-Ping ◽  
Fang Hai-Ping
Keyword(s):  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
A Chain

scholarly journals Large-aperture refractive lenses for momentum-resolved spectroscopy with hard X-rays

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Fukui ◽  
Markus Simon ◽  
Vladimir Nazmov ◽  
Jürgen Mohr ◽  
Kenneth Evans-Lutterodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Length ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Large Aperture ◽  
Effective Aperture

One-dimensional kinoform and prism refractive lenses with large aperture and high transmittance at 22 keV have been investigated. A 12.0 µm focus size (full width at half-maximum) and an effective aperture of 0.85 mm, at a focal length of 705 mm and 21.747 keV, were achieved.

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