scholarly journals Death of an offspring and parental risk of ischemic heart diseases: A population-based cohort study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. e1003790
Author(s):  
Dang Wei ◽  
Imre Janszky ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Rickard Ljung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background The death of a child is an extreme life event with potentially long-term health consequences. Knowledge about its association with ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), however, is very limited. We investigated whether the death of an offspring is associated with the risk of IHD and AMI. Methods and findings We studied parents of live-born children recorded in the Danish (1973 to 2016) and the Swedish (1973 to 2014) Medical Birth Registers (n = 6,711,952; mean age at baseline 31 years, 53% women). We retrieved information on exposure, outcomes, and covariates by linking individual-level information from several nationwide registers. We analyzed the abovementioned associations using Poisson regression. A total of 126,522 (1.9%) parents lost at least 1 child during the study period. Bereaved parents had a higher risk of IHD and AMI than the nonbereaved [incidence rate ratios (IRRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)): 1.20 (1.18 to 1.23), P < 0.001 and 1.21 (1.17 to 1.25), P < 0.001, respectively]. The association was present not only in case of losses due to CVD or other natural causes, but also in case of unnatural deaths. The AMI risk was highest in the first week after the loss [IRR (95% CI): 3.67 (2.08 to 6.46), P < 0.001], but a 20% to 40% increased risk was observed throughout the whole follow-up period. Study limitations include the possibility of residual confounding by socioeconomic, lifestyle, or health-related factors and the potentially limited generalizability of our findings outside Scandinavia. Conclusions The death of an offspring was associated with an increased risk of IHD and AMI. The finding that the association was present also in case of losses due to unnatural causes, which are less likely to be confounded by cardiovascular risk factors clustering in families, suggests that stress-related mechanisms may also contribute to the observed associations.

scholarly journals Periodontitis related to cardiovascular events and mortality: a long-time longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viveca Wallin Bengtsson ◽  
Gösta Rutger Persson ◽  
Johan Sanmartin Berglund ◽  
Stefan Renvert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Objective The present study assessed if individuals ≥ 60 years of age with periodontitis are more likely to develop stroke or ischemic heart diseases, or at a higher risk of death for 17 years. Material and methods At baseline individuals ≥ 60 received a dental examination including a panoramic radiograph. Periodontitis was defined as having ≥ 30% sites with ≥ 5-mm distance from the cementoenamel junction to the marginal bone level. Medical records were annually reviewed from 2001 to 2018. Findings from the medical records identifying an ICD-10 code of stroke and ischemic heart diseases or death were registered. Results Associations between periodontitis and incidence of ischemic heart disease were found in this 17-year follow-up study in all individuals 60–93 years (HR: 1.5, CI: 1.1–2.1, p = 0.017), in women (HR: 2.1, CI: 1.3–3.4, p = 0.002), and in individuals 78–96 years (HR: 1.7, CI: 1.0–2.6, p = 0.033). Periodontitis was associated with mortality in all individuals (HR: 1.4, CI: 1.2–1.8, p = 0.002), specifically in men (HR: 1.5, CI: 1.1–1.9, p = 0.006) or in ages 60–72 years (HR: 2.2, CI: 1.5–3.2, p = 0.000). Periodontitis was more prevalent among men (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.3–2.4, p = 0.000). Conclusions Individuals with periodontitis have an increased risk for future events of ischemic heart diseases and death. Clinical relevance Improving periodontal health in older individuals may reduce overall mortality and ischemic heart diseases. Both dental and medical professionals should be aware of the associations and ultimately cooperate.

scholarly journals Factors associated with PSA testing in men ≥ 50 years in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R O'Donovan ◽  
P Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Psa Test ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background Ireland has among the highest rates of prostate cancer in the EU, primarily due to widespread PSA screening. PSA screening is not recommended for asymptomatic men. Due to the potential for harm to the patient, and the economic and clinical repercussions for the healthcare system caused by inappropriate screening, this study aimed to investigate associations between PSA screening and sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors in men ≥50 years in Ireland. Methods A cross-sectional study was completed using data from Wave 4 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA), a nationally representative sample of community dwellers ≥ 50 years in Ireland. Participants self-reported having or not having a PSA test to screen for prostate cancer in the previous two years. Variables were entered into a multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for associations between PSA testing and the factors of interest. Results There were 2,426 male participants, with 68% reporting a PSA test in the previous two years. In adjusted analysis, older age (OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.32-2.31), third level education (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.07-1.69) and a higher household net income (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.52-3.02) increased the likelihood of PSA testing. Health-related factors positively associated with PSA testing screening were private health insurance (OR 1.89, 95%CI 1.52-2.35), blood pressure measurement in the previous year (OR 8.80, 95%CI 6.06-12.77) and a positive family history of cancer (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.13-1.78). Conclusions High rates of prostate cancer screening are taking place in Ireland, despite the absence of a population-based screening programme. Men of older age, higher socioeconomic status and who demonstrate health-protective-behaviours have an increased risk of PSA screening. This subgroup of the population should be targeted to increase awareness of the potential benefits and harms of PSA testing. Key messages Rates of PSA screening remain high in Ireland, despite the absence of a population-based screening programme. Increased awareness of the potential harms and benefits of PSA screening is needed.

scholarly journals Effects of Hormone Therapy on survival, cancer, cardiovascular and dementia risks in 1.5 million women over age 65: a retrospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seo Baik ◽  
Clement McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Objectives: To examine the effects of estrogen on all-cause mortality, cancers, cardiovascular (CV) conditions, and dementia. Design: Retrospective observational study Setting: United States 2007-2018 Population: 1.5 million women aged over 65 in Medicare. Method: Cox regression with time-varying estrogen type, route, and strength as well as patient’s characteristics. Main Outcome(s): all-cause mortality; 5 cancers- breast, lung, endometrial, colorectal, ovarian cancers; 6 CV conditions- ischemic heart diseases, heart failure, venous thromboembolism, stroke, atrial fibrillation, acute myocardial infarction; and dementia. Results: Compared to counterparts, estrogen monotherapy (ET) exhibited a significant, 21% (HR=0.79; 95% CI 0.77-0.81), reduction in mortality risk. The reduction was greater with estradiol (HR=0.76; 95% CI 0.73-0.78) than conjugated estrogen (HR=0.83; 95% CI 0.80-0.86), and with topical (HR=0.69; 95% CI 0.66-0.71) than oral preparations (HR=0.86; 95% CI 0.83-0.89). ET also exhibited significant risk reductions for all study cancers, breast (HR=0.83; 95% CI 0.80-0.85), lung (HR=0.89; 95% CI 0.85-0.93), endometrial (HR=0.68; 95% CI 0.63-0.73), colorectal (HR=0.87; 95% CI 0.82-0.92) and ovarian (HR=0.86; 95% CI 0.80-0.92). Different dose levels exhibited similar risk reduction in mortality and cancers. ET slightly increased the overall CV risk, mostly risks of ischemic heart diseases and stroke. However, such risks occurred with CEE, oral, and high dose ET. Both combination therapy (HR=1.19; 95% CI 1.08-1.31) and progestogen monotherapy (HR=1.16; 95% CI 1.08-1.26) exhibited a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. No HT exhibited an increased risk of dementia. Conclusions: Among senior female Medicare beneficiaries, the effect of hormone therapy varies by type, route, and strength of estrogen.

Ischemic Heart Disease in Death Discordant Twins - A Study on 205 Male and Female Pairs with Special Reference to Hereditary Factors

1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf de Faire
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Discordant Twins ◽  
Swedish Twin Registry

From January 1971 to March 1973 all twin pairs in the Swedish Twin Registry below the age of 70, who became death-discordant, were continuously recorded. A total of 205 (78%) of the surviving cotwins were examined with respect to different manifestations of ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and several “environmental” and “biometric” risk factors. Among the death-discordant pairs, the cause of death was IHD in 57 pairs and other than IHD in 148 pairs. Analyses revealed that the prevalence rate of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, pathologic Q-wave, and ST depressions in connection with exercise, were significantly higher among the surviving cotwins whose partners had died from IHD than those whose partners had died from other causes. The same trends were seen for most of the risk factors measured both singly and in combination, although not very pronounced. The results indicate a substantial genetic influence in the development of IHD. The genetic influence is possibly transmitted not only through some of the risk factors measured, but also through other factors, still unknown.

scholarly journals ST2 in Stable and Unstable Ischemic Heart Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 48B-58B ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mark Richards ◽  
Salvatore Di Somma ◽  
Thomas Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Ischemic Heart Diseases in Different Age Groups Patients of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Riaz Gul ◽  
Sumaira Naz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objectives:To determine different risk factors associated with ischemic heart diseases in different age group patients of tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.Methodology:A cross sectional study conducted on 350 patients of different age groups presented with ischemic heart diseases in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Study was conducted for duration of 3 months from December 2013 to February 2014. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size was calculated using standard sample size calculator. Semi structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Patient’s record and investigations were used as adding tools. Standard definition was made for ischemic heart disease. Different modifiable and non-modifiable factors were assessed and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results:This study contains 350 patients in which female patients were 133(38%) and male were 217(62%).The mean age was 57.23±11.36 years. The age of the patients ranges from 22 to 80 years. The frequencies of risk factors were stress (73.1%) followed by hypertension (65.7%), sedentary life style (59.4%), family history (57.1%), smoking (50.6%), over weight and obese (39.1%), below normal HDL (30.3%), high LDL (29.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (28%), hypercholesterolemia (23.7%). 64.3% patients were presenting with acute IHD and 35.7% were with chronic IHD. Stress, HTN, DM and sedentary life style were found to be significantly associated with male gender (p- value <0.05). Age was divided into two groups, <45 years and >45 years. Stress, HTN, DM and hypercholesterolemia had a significant association with >45 years of age group. (P-value <0.05).Conclusion:Stress, HTN, DM, sedentary life styles were the major risk factors. And they were found to be more in male gender and in equal to more than 45 years of age group.

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