Agroinfiltration Reduces ABA Levels and Suppresses Pseudomonas syringae-Elicited Salicylic Acid Production in Nicotiana tabacum

Salicylic acid (SA) is a key regulatory component of disease resistance in plants. In tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-inoculated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc NN genotype), newly synthesized SA is converted primarily to SA 2-O-β-D-glucoside (SAG) and glucosyl salicylate (GS), a relatively minor metabolite. Similar patterns in the formation of GS and SAG were observed in tobacco inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, suggesting the accumulation of two glucosylated metabolites is a general phenomenon in tobacco plants. After SA infiltration, GS was synthesized rapidly, reached a maximal level at 6 h, declined, and remained relatively constant for at least 24 h. In contrast, SAG content increased gradually after SA treatment. Our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that a high concentration of free SA triggers transient formation of GS and continuous accumulation of SAG, which is a more stable metabolite of SA. The two distinct SA glucosyltransferases catalyzed the formation of GS and SAG, respectively. The activities of these enzymes were enhanced by TMV or P. syringae pv. phaseolicola inoculation or SA treatment and were found in different fractions of gel filtration chromatography.

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HarpinPSS-induced peroxidase and lignin accumulation in tobacco during the hypersensitive response

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp98130 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 265 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wei-Chang Wang ◽

Zin-Huang Liu

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Hypersensitive Response ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Anionic Peroxidase ◽

Peroxidase Isozymes ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽

Encoding Gene

Harpinpss, a pathogenic protein encoded by hrpZ in the hrp gene cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, induces the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi). An increase in peroxidase activity, lignin content and salicylic acid was observed during the HR elicited by harpin. The increase in anionic, moderately anionic and cationic peroxidase isozymes is positively correlated with the HR in tobacco. In addition, the increase of the anionic peroxidase isozyme (pI 3.5) is correlated with a rise of the transcript of the encoding gene.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Auxin promotes susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae via a mechanism independent of suppression of salicylic acid-mediated defenses.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717992521.793473665 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Keith Davis

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae

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Uncoupling Salicylic Acid-Dependent Cell Death and Defense-Related Responses From Disease Resistance in the Arabidopsis Mutant acd5

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/156.1.341 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 156 (1) ◽

pp. 341-350

Author(s):

Jean T Greenberg ◽

F Paul Silverman ◽

Hua Liang

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Ethylene Signaling ◽

Symptom Development ◽

Wild Type ◽

Dependent Cell ◽

Arabidopsis Mutant

Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) is required for resistance to many diseases in higher plants. SA-dependent cell death and defense-related responses have been correlated with disease resistance. The accelerated cell death 5 mutant of Arabidopsis provides additional genetic evidence that SA regulates cell death and defense-related responses. However, in acd5, these events are uncoupled from disease resistance. acd5 plants are more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae early in development and show spontaneous SA accumulation, cell death, and defense-related markers later in development. In acd5 plants, cell death and defense-related responses are SA dependent but they do not confer disease resistance. Double mutants with acd5 and nonexpressor of PR1, in which SA signaling is partially blocked, show greatly attenuated cell death, indicating a role for NPR1 in controlling cell death. The hormone ethylene potentiates the effects of SA and is important for disease symptom development in Arabidopsis. Double mutants of acd5 and ethylene insensitive 2, in which ethylene signaling is blocked, show decreased cell death, supporting a role for ethylene in cell death control. We propose that acd5 plants mimic P. syringae-infected wild-type plants and that both SA and ethylene are normally involved in regulating cell death during some susceptible pathogen infections.

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Systemic Acquired Resistance in Canola Is Linked with Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression and Requires Salicylic Acid

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-97-7-0794 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 794-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Shobha D. Potlakayala ◽

Darwin W. Reed ◽

Patrick S. Covello ◽

Pierre R. Fobert

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Induced Defense ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Avirulent Strain ◽

Enhanced Resistance ◽

Pathogenesis Related

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced defense response that confers long-lasting protection against a broad range of microbial pathogens. Here we show that treatment of Brassica napus plants with the SAR-inducing chemical benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) significantly enhanced resistance against virulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. Localized preinoculation of plants with an avirulent strain of P. syringae pv. maculicola also enhanced resistance to these pathogens but was not as effective as BTH treatment. Single applications of either SAR-inducing pretreatment were effective against P. syringae pv. maculicola, even when given more than 3 weeks prior to the secondary challenge. The pretreatments also led to the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, including BnPR-1 and BnPR-2, with higher levels of transcripts observed in the BTH-treatment material. B. napus plants expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase transgene (NahG) that metabolizes salicylic acid to catechol were substantially compromised in SAR and accumulated reduced levels of PR gene transcripts when compared with untransformed controls. Thus, SAR in B. napus displays many of the hallmarks of classical SAR including long lasting and broad host range resistance, association with PR gene activation, and a requirement for salicylic acid.

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Expression of a β-glucosidase gene results in increased accumulation of salicylic acid in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc NN genotype

Plant Cell Reports ◽

10.1007/s00299-006-0212-8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 291-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jiqiang Yao ◽

Bethany Huot ◽

Catherine Foune ◽

Harshavardhan Doddapaneni ◽

Alexander Enyedi

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Transgenic Nicotiana Tabacum

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Ultraviolet radiation enhances salicylic acid-mediated defense signaling and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 in a jasmonic acid-deficient tomato mutant

Plant Signaling & Behavior ◽

10.1080/15592324.2019.1581560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. e1581560 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rocío Escobar Bravo ◽

Gang Chen ◽

Katharina Grosser ◽

Nicole M. Van Dam ◽

Kirsten A. Leiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Defense Signaling ◽

Tomato Mutant

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Salicylic acid production in response to biotic and abiotic stress depends on isochorismate inNicotiana benthamiana

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/j.febslet.2007.12.039 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 582 (4) ◽

pp. 473-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

Jérémy Catinot ◽

Antony Buchala ◽

Eliane Abou-Mansour ◽

Jean-Pierre Métraux

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Acid Production ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress

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Chitosan Oligosaccharide Induces Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis thaliana by Activating Both Salicylic Acid– and Jasmonic Acid–Mediated Pathways

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-03-18-0071-r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 1271-1279 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Xiaochen Jia ◽

Haihong Zeng ◽

Wenxia Wang ◽

Fuyun Zhang ◽

Heng Yin

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Induction Effect ◽

Tomato Dc3000 ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an effective plant immunity elicitor; however, its induction mechanism in plants is complex and needs further investigation. In this study, the Arabidopsis–Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (hereafter called DC3000) interaction was used to investigate the induction effect and the underlying mechanisms of COS. COS is effective in inducing resistance to DC3000 in Arabidopsis, and our results demonstrate that treatment with COS 3 days before DC3000 inoculation provided the most effective resistance. Disease severity in jar1 (jasmonic acid [JA]-deficient mutant), NahG, and sid2 (salicylic acid [SA]-deficient mutants) suggest both the SA and JA pathways are required for the Arabidopsis response to DC3000. COS pretreatment induced resistance in wild type (WT), jar1, and also, although to a lesser degree, in NahG and sid2 plants, implying that the SA and JA pathways play redundant roles in COS-induced resistance to DC3000. In COS-pretreated plants, expression of genes related to the SA pathway (PR1, PR2, and PR5) and SA content increased in both WT and jar1. Moreover, expression of genes related to the JA pathway (PDF1.2 and VSP2) and JA content both increased in WT and NahG. In conclusion, COS induces resistance to DC3000 in Arabidopsis by activating both SA- and JA-mediated pathways, although SA and JA pathways play redundant roles in this COS-induced resistance.

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