scholarly journals Exploiting Genomic Knowledge in Optimising Molecular Breeding Programmes: Algorithms from Evolutionary Computing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e48862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve O'Hagan ◽  
Joshua Knowles ◽  
Douglas B. Kell
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Evolutionary Computing ◽  
Genomic Knowledge ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Scope and significance of biotechnological improvement of tea

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mainaak Mukhopdhayay, Akan Das Tapan Kumar Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Breeding Programmes

<p>Tea is an important plantation crop of India, which generates huge employment opportunities in rural and hilly backward places.<br />Being a woody perennial crop with an economic life span of more than 60 years, it also has a role in sustaining the ecosystem.<br />Because of its long gestation period, as observed from conventional breeding, alternative methods such as molecular breeding is<br />highly relevant, which is rather limited in tea breeding programmes. Therefore, adoption of biotechnological approaches is a<br />better option to shorten the breeding cycle of tea. Recent developments from the biotechnological research works on tea and<br />related species are summarized in the review.</p>

Recent advancement of molecular breeding for improving salinity tolerance in wheat.

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Inès Yacoubi ◽  
Emna Khanfir ◽  
Karama Hamdi ◽  
Faïçal Brini
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Molecular Selection ◽  
Selection For

Abstract This chapter provides an outline of the mechanisms of wheat salinity tolerance and discusses the challenges of several breeding programmes that are in progress with regard to durum (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) and bread wheats using the integration of trait-based and molecular selection for delivering improved wheat varieties adapted to saline conditions.

scholarly journals A rapid and reproducible method for isolating genomic DNA from a few crop plants suitable for polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1119-1122
Author(s):  
Vikash Kumar ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Tirthartha Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Minute Amount ◽  
Genomic Dna Isolation ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Polymerase Chain

As most of the molecular markers in crop molecular breeding programmes are successful based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the isolated genomic DNA must be suitable for the same. Though PCR is a robust method and in most of the cases requires only a minute amount of genomic DNA as template, removal of potential PCR-inhibitory factors is quite important. The present work reports the optimization of a rapid genomic DNA isolation method, suitable for PCR-based genotyping of plants. As very minute amount of the genomic DNA isolated in this rapid method was found to be sufficient for PCR, a researcher is capable to go for several hundred independent PCR from single isolation. The method was validated in 4 different crops (wheat, tomato, brinjal and cauliflower) using different PCR-based molecular markers. In case of wheat, genomic DNA isolated in this method was found to be suitable PCR using the specific marker for the detection of the Lr34 gene. For tomato, genomic DNA isolated in this method was successfully used with the molecular markers for the detection of resistance alleles for yellow leaf curl disease and root knot disease. In case of brinjal, the isolated genomic DNA was found to be suitable for simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker assay. In a similar way, genomic DNA isolated in this method from cauliflower leaves was observed to be suitable for amplifying a gene of ~1.5 kb length. Thus, this method will be quite helpful to expedite marker assisted selection of plants in plant molecular breeding programmes.

PROFILING OF GUAVA GENOTYPES GROWN IN VIDARBHA CONDITIONS ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. PATIL ◽  
S.G. BHARAD ◽  
S.N. SAWANT
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In the view of this Forty-eight genotypes of seedling origin guava along with 1 check (L-49/Sardar) collected and conserved at germplasm block, Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. P. D. A. University, Akola were evaluated for genetic variability and diversity based on the qualitative characteristics. The genotypes were evaluated for sixteen morphological traitsviz. tree, leaf, floral and fruit traits. Results Show considerable extent of variability amongst the 49 genotypes in each traits. A sizeable amount of intrapopulation diversity recorded can be used to identify diverse parents which can be utilized in hybridization programmes.

Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids: Comparison between selection criteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. H. Longin ◽  
H. F. Utz ◽  
A. E. Melchinger ◽  
J.C. Reif
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Optimum Allocation ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Selection Gain ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Breeding Resources

The optimum allocation of breeding resources is crucial for the efficiency of breeding programmes. The objectives were to (i) compare selection gain ΔGk for finite and infinite sample sizes, (ii) compare ΔGk and the probability of identifying superior hybrids (Pk), and (iii) determine the optimum allocation of the number of hybrids and test locations in hybrid maize breeding using doubled haploids. Infinite compared to finite sample sizes led to almost identical optimum allocation of test resources, but to an inflation of ΔGk. This inflation decreased as the budget and the number of finally selected hybrids increased. A reasonable Pk was reached for hybrids belonging to the q = 1% best of the population. The optimum allocations for Pk(q) and ΔGkwere similar, indicating that Pk(q) is promising for optimizing breeding programmes.

Improvement of effectiveness in maize breeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Selection For

Plant regeneration via tissue culture is becoming increasingly more common in monocots such as maize (Zea mays L.). Pollen (gametophytic) selection for resistance to aflatoxin in maize can greatly facilitate recurrent selection and the screening of germplasm for resistance at much less cost and in a shorter time than field testing. In vivo and in vitro techniques have been integrated in maize breeding programmes to obtain desirable agronomic attributes, enhance the genes responsible for them and speed up the breeding process. The efficiency of anther and tissue cultures in maize and wheat has reached the stage where they can be used in breeding programmes to some extent and many new cultivars produced by genetic manipulation have now reached the market.

Molecular breeding of fragrant early-season hybrid rice using the BADH2 gene

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Sheng ◽  
Sajid Fiaz ◽  
Qianlong Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xiangjin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Badh2 Gene

Doubled haploid production in maize under Sub-montane Himalayan conditions using R1-nj-based haploid inducer TAILP1

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K Khulbe ◽  
A. Pattanayak ◽  
Lakshmi Kant ◽  
G. S. Bisht ◽  
M. C. Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Haploid Inducer ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Developmental Phases

The use of in vivo haploid induction system makes the doubled haploid (DH) technology easier to adopt for the conventional maize breeders. However, despite having played an important role in the initial developmental phases of DH technology, Indian maize research has yet to harvest its benefits. Haploid Inducer Lines (HILs) developed by CIMMYT are being widely used in maize breeding programmes in many countries including India. There, however, is no published information on the efficiency of DH line production using CIMMYT HILs in Indian maize breeding programmes. In the present study, the efficiency of DH production using CIMMYT’s tropically adapted inducer line TAILP1 was investigated with eight source populations including two of sweet corn. The average haploid induction rate (HIR) of TAILP1 was 5.48% with a range of 2.01 to 10.03%. Efficiency of DH production ranged from 0.14 to 1.87% for different source populations with an average of 1.07%. The information generated will be useful for maize breeders intending to use DH technology for accelerated development of completely homozygous lines.

Advances in Molecular Breeding of Ornamental Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-607
Author(s):  
Dai Silan ◽  
Huang He ◽  
Fu Jianxin ◽  
Hong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Ornamental Plants
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