scholarly journals Blood Cholesterol Trends 2001–2011 in the United States: Analysis of 105 Million Patient Records

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e63416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey W. Kaufman ◽  
Amy J. Blatt ◽  
Xiaohua Huang ◽  
Mouneer A. Odeh ◽  
H. Robert Superko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Patient Records

scholarly journals Primary Prevention of High Blood Cholesterol Concentrations in the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (8) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Goff ◽  
Darwin R. Labarthe ◽  
George Howard ◽  
Gregory B. Russell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Blood Cholesterol

I. Rationale for Attention to Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-536
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Chd Risk Factors

Compelling evidence exists that the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood and progresses slowly into adulthood, at which time it leads frequently to coronary heart disease (CHD), the major cause of death in the United States. Despite an impressive decline in mortality during the past 20 years, CHD is still responsible for more than 500 000 deaths annually. Each year, approximately 1.25 million Americans suffer a myocardial infarction, and about 300 000 coronary artery bypass operations are performed. Moreover, an estimated 7 million Americans have symptomatic CHD, accounting for more than 10 million office visits and more than 2 million hospitalizations per year. About 20 percent of hospital discharges for acute CHD are for premature disease, ie, in patients younger than 55 years of age. Many of these adults have children who may have CHD risk factors that need attention. Estimates of the annual cost of CHD range from $41.5 to $56 billion. Elevated blood cholesterol levels are an important cause of atherosclerosis and CHD according to numerous studies. The need to lower blood cholesterol levels in adults was addressed in 1988 when the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) published the Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. That report presented recommendations for lowering high cholesterol levels in individuals 20 years of age or older.1 The NCEP also has addressed blood cholesterol levels in the population as a whole; the Report of the Expert Panel on Population Strategies for Blood Cholesterol Reduction recommended an eating pattern low in saturated fatty acids (SFA), total fat, and cholesterol for all healthy Americans over the age of approximately 2 years2 to reduce average blood cholesterol levels in the United States.

scholarly journals A short-term religious “fast” from animal products has a minimal impact on cardiometabolic health biomarkers irrespective of concurrent shifts in distinct plant-based food groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 722-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J Bethancourt ◽  
Mario Kratz ◽  
Kathleen O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Animal Products

ABSTRACTBackgroundPlant-based diets may help improve measures of body fat, blood cholesterol, glucose metabolism, and inflammation. However, limited evidence suggests that the health effects of reducing animal products may depend on the quality of plant-based foods consumed as caloric replacements.ObjectiveThis study examined how temporarily restricting consumption of meat, dairy, and egg (MDE) products for religious purposes influences cardiometabolic health biomarkers and whether any effects of MDE restriction on biomarkers are modified by concurrent shifts in calories, fish, and distinct plant-based foods.DesignThis study followed a sample of 99 individuals in the United States with varying degrees of adherence to Orthodox Christian (OC) guidance to abstain from MDE products during Lent, the 48-d period prior to Easter. Dietary composition was estimated from FFQs and 7-d food records; measures of body fat, blood lipids, glucose metabolism, and inflammation were collected prior to and at the end of Lent.ResultsEach serving decrease in MDE products was associated with an average −3.7% (95% CI: −5.5%, −2.0%; P < 0.0001) and −3.6% (95% CI: −5.8%, −1.3%; P = 0.003) change in fasting total and LDL blood cholesterol, respectively, which were partly explained by minor weight loss. However, the total/HDL cholesterol ratio did not significantly decrease due to an average −3.2% (95% CI: −5.8%, −0.6%; P = 0.02) change in HDL cholesterol. No associations between MDE restrictions and shifts in measures of body fat, glucose, insulin, or C-reactive protein were observed. The data could not provide evidence that changes in cardiometabolic health biomarkers in relation to MDE restriction were modified by concurrent shifts in calories, fish, or plant-based foods.ConclusionTemporary MDE restrictions practiced by this sample of OCs in the United States during Lent had minimal effects on cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Further research among larger samples of OCs is needed to understand how nutritionally distinct and complex combinations of plant-based foods may modify the health effects of religious fasting from MDE products.

scholarly journals Disparities in Cholesterol Screening in the United States. Falling Short of a National Health Objective

Circulation ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 1358-1358
Author(s):  
David W Brown ◽  
Wayne H Giles ◽  
Kurt J Greenlund ◽  
Janet B Croft
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Cholesterol Screening ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Health Objective

P40 Objectives: To determine whether the Year 2000 national health objective for cholesterol screening was attained and to identify disparities in cholesterol screening across racial or ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Methods: Using data from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we estimated the proportion of adults aged ≥20 years who were screened for high blood cholesterol within the preceding 5 years. Results: Overall, an estimated 70.8% of the US population was screened for cholesterol, falling short of the Year 2000 objective of 75%. Screening prevalence was lowest at ages 20-44 years (58.2%) in contrast to ages 45-64 years (81.9%) and ages ≥65 years (87.1%). Screening prevalence was also lowest among Hispanics, especially Hispanic men. The likelihood of screening decreased with decreasing income level (p<0.05) and persons with health insurance were 1.6 times more likely to have been screened during the past 5 years than adults with no insurance (p<0.05). Conclusions: Significant disparities in cholesterol screening exist across age, sex, racial or ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in the United States. As we look to attain the objectives of Healthy People 2010, state and local health officials and policy makers should be aware of these disparities in order to design and target effective cholesterol screening programs and cardiovascular disease prevention programs to those most in need.

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