scholarly journals Deep-Sea Bioluminescence Blooms after Dense Water Formation at the Ocean Surface

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e67523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Tamburini ◽  
Miquel Canals ◽  
Xavier Durrieu de Madron ◽  
Loïc Houpert ◽  
Dominique Lefèvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation

Dense water formation on the Icelandic shelf and its contribution to the North Icelandic Jet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarisbel Garcia‐Quintana ◽  
Nathan Grivault ◽  
Xianmin Hu ◽  
Paul G. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Dense Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation

scholarly journals Role of air–sea fluxes and ocean surface density in the production of deep waters in the eastern subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic

Ocean Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353-1365
Author(s):  
Tillys Petit ◽  
M. Susan Lozier ◽  
Simon A. Josey ◽  
Stuart A. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Density Field ◽  
The North ◽  
Iceland Basin ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation

Abstract. Wintertime convection in the North Atlantic Ocean is a key component of the global climate as it produces dense waters at high latitudes that flow equatorward as part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Recent work has highlighted the dominant role of the Irminger and Iceland basins in the production of North Atlantic Deep Water. Dense water formation in these basins is mainly explained by buoyancy forcing that transforms surface waters to the deep waters of the AMOC lower limb. Air–sea fluxes and the ocean surface density field are both key determinants of the buoyancy-driven transformation. We analyze these contributions to the transformation in order to better understand the connection between atmospheric forcing and the densification of surface water. More precisely, we study the impact of air–sea fluxes and the ocean surface density field on the transformation of subpolar mode water (SPMW) in the Iceland Basin, a water mass that “pre-conditions” dense water formation downstream. Analyses using 40 years of observations (1980–2019) reveal that the variance in SPMW transformation is mainly influenced by the variance in density at the ocean surface. This surface density is set by a combination of advection, wind-driven upwelling and surface fluxes. Our study shows that the latter explains ∼ 30 % of the variance in outcrop area as expressed by the surface area between the outcropped SPMW isopycnals. The key role of the surface density in SPMW transformation partly explains the unusually large SPMW transformation in winter 2014–2015 over the Iceland Basin.

scholarly journals The improvements of the ships of opportunity program in MFS-TEP

Ocean Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. R. Manzella ◽  
F. Reseghetti ◽  
G. Coppini ◽  
M. Borghini ◽  
A. Cruzado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Opportunity Program ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. The Ships Of Opportunity Program in the Mediterranean Sea was established at the end of 1999, in the framework of the Mediterranean Forecasting System – Pilot Project (MFS-PP). Many improvements have been made in data collection, transmission and management. Calibration of selected XBTs and a comparison of XBTs vs. CTDs during some research cruises have assured the quality of the data. Transmission now allows receiving data in full resolution by using GSM or satellite telecommunication services; management is offering access to high quality data and view services. The effects of technological and methodological improvements in the observing system are assessed in terms of capability to represent the most important circulation features. The improved methodologies have been tested during the Mediterranean Forecasting System – Toward Environmental Prediction (MFS-TEP) – Targeted Operational Period (MFS-TOP), lasting from September 2004 to February 2005. In spite of the short period of measurements, several important aspects of the Mediterranean Sea circulation have been verified, such as eddies and gyres in the various sub-basins, and dense water formation processes in some of them (vertical homogeneous profiles of about 13°C down to ~800 m in the Provençal, and of about 14.9°C down to ~300 m in the Levantine have allowed defining an index of dense water formation).

scholarly journals Circulation, dense water formation, and outflow on the northeast Chukchi Shelf

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (C4) ◽  
pp. 7647-7661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Weingartner ◽  
Donald J. Cavalieri ◽  
Knut Aagaard ◽  
Yasunori Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Dense Water ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation ◽  
Chukchi Shelf

Anthropogenic CO2 in a dense water formation area of the Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Ingrosso ◽  
Manuel Bensi ◽  
Vanessa Cardin ◽  
Michele Giani
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2 ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Dense water formation in the Gulf of Lions shelf: Impact of atmospheric interannual variability and climate change

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 2092-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Herrmann ◽  
Claude Estournel ◽  
Michel Déqué ◽  
Patrick Marsaleix ◽  
Florence Sevault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Gulf Of Lions ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation

scholarly journals Dense water formation and circulation in the Barents Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Årthun ◽  
R.B. Ingvaldsen ◽  
L.H. Smedsrud ◽  
C. Schrum
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation

scholarly journals On the Connection between Dense Water Formation, Overturning, and Poleward Heat Transport in a Convective Basin*

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1822-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Straneo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transport ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Boundary Current ◽  
Overturning Circulation ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Poleward Heat Transport ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation

Abstract An isopycnal, two-layer, idealized model for a convective basin is proposed, consisting of a convecting, interior region and a surrounding boundary current (buoyancy and wind-driven). Parameterized eddy fluxes govern the exchange between the two. To balance the interior buoyancy loss, the boundary current becomes denser as it flows around the basin. Geostrophy imposes that this densification be accompanied by sinking in the boundary current and hence by an overturning circulation. The poleward heat transport, associated with convection in the basin, can thus be viewed as a result of both an overturning and a horizontal circulation. When adapted to the Labrador Sea, the model is able to reproduce the bulk features of the mean state, the seasonal cycle, and even the shutdown of convection from 1969 to 1972. According to the model, only 40% of the poleward heat (buoyancy) transport of the Labrador Sea is associated with the overturning circulation. An exact solution is presented for the linearized equations when changes in the boundary current are small. Numerical solutions are calculated for variations in the amount of convection and for changes in the remotely forced circulation around the basin. These results highlight how the overturning circulation is not simply related to the amount of dense water formed. A speeding up of the circulation around the basin due to wind forcing, for example, will decrease the intensity of the overturning circulation while the dense water formation remains unvaried. In general, it is shown that the fraction of poleward buoyancy (or heat) transport carried by the overturning circulation is not an intrinsic property of the basin but can vary as a result of a number of factors.

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