scholarly journals Co-Evolution of the Mating Position and Male Genitalia in Insects: A Case Study of a Hangingfly

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e80651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qionghua Gao ◽  
Baozhen Hua
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia

Gradual evolution of male genitalia in a sibling species complex of millipedes (Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Rhinocricidae : Anadenobolus)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Bond ◽  
David A. Beamer ◽  
Marshal C. Hedin ◽  
Petra Sierwald
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Gradual Evolution ◽  
Copulatory Structure

Jamaican millipedes in the Anadenobolus species complex provide an unusual case study of arthropods having undergone speciation in the absence of conspicuous divergence of male genitalia. Using landmark-based morphometrics, we examined shape deformation of the male anterior copulatory device in three genetically divergent yet morphologically cryptic species. A multivariate analysis of variance and relative warp analysis of nonuniform components show that although male genitalic shape is statistically different among species, many specimens are 'misplaced' in morphological space, perhaps consistent with a condition analogous to incomplete lineage sorting. A simulation of neutral nuclear gene coalescence suggests that such incomplete sorting is expected, given the depth of mtDNA divergences observed across species. The pronounced contrast between deep molecular v. incomplete genitalic divergence is at odds with the paradigm of selection-driven rapid change in male copulatory structure during arthropod speciation. Alternatively, we suggest that male genitalic divergence is evolving neutrally or in concert with other components of the genome (pleiotropy). Although we recognise the empirical validity of rapid genitalic divergence via sexual selection or sexual conflict, such models must be empirically tested using multiple lines of evidence. Accepting the rapid and divergent hypothesis without such multiple evidence scrutiny may result in a gross underestimation of evolutionary diversity and, subsequently, the misinterpretation of processes shaping genitalic change.

scholarly journals Changes in Sexuality of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients under Hormone Therapy in Japan: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Kashiwagi ◽  
Shige Kakinohan
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Physical Changes

Background: Hormone therapy is an important treatment for male patients with prostate cancer. However, it can produce changes in the genitalia and sexuality of the patients. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relations between changes in male genitalia and sexuality in the castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. It also proposed concrete interventions to ease pain and fear towards body image changes. Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative design. The subjects were two castration-resistant prostate cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using verbatim reports and content analysis. Results: The study indicated that the effects of hormone therapy treatment on the sexuality were largely categorized as: “surprises and anxieties about the shrinkage of male genitalia”, “masculinity loss”, “difficulty adapting the situation”, and “connection with others”. Conclusion: It became clear that the prostate cancer patients had pains not only for prognosis, but also for physical changes, relationship changes with others and sexuality changes through their treatments.

scholarly journals Cryptic diversity and phylogeography of high alpine Sattleria—a case study combining DNA barcodes and morphology (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2981 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER HUEMER ◽  
PAUL D. N. HEBERT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Mountain Systems ◽  
Three New Species

The taxonomy of Sattleria, a genus restricted to European high mountain systems, is critically revised based on morphology, DNA barcodes and phylogeography. Adult morphology combined with sequence information for the barcode region of COI supports the existence of 14 species. The full 658bp fragment of COI was obtained from 43 specimens representing 11 species and three shorter sequences were obtained from another two species. An illustrated key to the male genitalia of all species is provided. Three new species are described: Sattleria karsholti sp. nov. (Alpi Orobie, Adamello and Monte Baldo, Prov. Bergamo, Trento and Verona, Italy), Sattleria cottiella sp. nov. (Cottian Alps, Prov. Cuneo, Italy), and Sattleria graiaeella sp. nov. (Alpi Graie, Prov. Aosta, Italy; Savoie, France). Sattleria basistrigella Huemer, 1997 bona sp., stat. rev. is raised from subspecies rank of Sattleria triglavica Povolný, 1987 to species rank.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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