scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Maize Yield Water Constraints under Climate Change in Spain

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e98220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Ferrero ◽  
Mauricio Lima ◽  
Jose Luis Gonzalez-Andujar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Maize Potential Yield and Yield Gaps in Northeast China from 1990 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luoman Pu ◽  
Shuwen Zhang ◽  
Jiuchun Yang ◽  
Liping Chang ◽  
Shuting Bai
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Center Area

Maize yield has undergone obvious spatial and temporal changes in recent decades in Northeast China. Understanding how maize potential yield has changed over the past few decades and how large the gaps between potential and actual maize yields are is essential for increasing maize yield to meet increased food demand in Northeast China. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of maize potential yield in Northeast China from 1990 to 2015 were simulated using the Global Agro-ecological Zones (GAEZ) model at the pixel level firstly. Then, the yield gaps between actual and potential yields were analyzed at city scale. The results were the following. (1) The maize potential yield decreased by about 500 kg/ha and the potential production remained at around 260 million tonnes during 1990–2000. From 2000 to 2015, the maize potential yield and production increased by approximately 1000 kg/ha and 80 million tonnes, respectively. (2) The maize potential yield decreased in most regions of Northeast China in the first decade, such as the center area (CA), south area (SA), southwest area (SWA), and small regions in northeast area (NEA), due to lower temperature and insufficient rainfall. The maize potential yield increased elsewhere. (3) The maize potential yield increased by more than 1000 kg/ha in the center area (CA) in the latter 15 years, which may be because of the climate warming and sufficient precipitation. The maize potential yield decreased elsewhere and Harbin in the center area (CA). (4) In 40 cities of Northeast China, the rates of actual yield to potential yield in 17 cities were higher than 80%. The actual yields only attained 50–80% of the potential yields in 20 cities. The gaps between actual and potential yields in Hegang and Dandong were very large, which need to be shrunk urgently. The results highlight the importance of coping with climate change actively, arranging crop structure reasonably, improving farmland use efficiency and ensuring food security in Northeast China.

scholarly journals Periodic synchronization of dengue epidemics in Thailand: the roles played by temperature and immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo García-Carreras ◽  
Bingyi Yang ◽  
Mary K Grabowski ◽  
Lawrence W Sheppard ◽  
Angkana T Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Dengue Epidemics ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The spatial distribution of dengue and its vectors (spp. Aedes) may be the widest it has ever been, and projections suggest that climate change may allow the expansion to continue. However, the largest impacts of climate change on dengue might be in regions where the pathogen is already endemic. In these areas, the waxing and waning of immunity has a large impact on temporal dynamics of cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Here, we use 51 years of data across 72 provinces and characterise spatio-temporal patterns of dengue in Thailand, where dengue has caused almost 1.5 million cases over the last thirty years, and examine the roles played by temperature and dynamics of immunity in giving rise to those patterns. We find that timescales of multiannual oscillations in dengue vary in space and time and uncover an interesting spatial phenomenon: Thailand has experienced multiple, periodic synchronization events. We show that patterns in synchrony of dengue are consistent with those observed in temperature. Applying a temperature-driven dengue model, we explore how dynamics of immunity interact with temperature to produce the observed multiannual dynamics and patterns in synchrony. While multiannual oscillations are readily produced by immunity in absence of multiannual timescales in temperature, synchrony in temperature can synchronise dengue dynamics in different locations. However, at higher mean temperatures and lower seasonal variation, immune dynamics become more predominant, and dengue dynamics become more insensitive to multiannual fluctuations in temperature. These findings can help underpin predictions of disease patterns as global temperatures rise.

scholarly journals Using water stable isotopes to understand evaporation, moisture stress, and re-wetting in catchment forest and grassland soils of the summer drought of 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 3737-3752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Kleine ◽  
Doerthe Tetzlaff ◽  
Aaron Smith ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Chris Soulsby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. In drought-sensitive lowland catchments, ecohydrological feedbacks to climatic anomalies can give valuable insights into ecosystem functioning in the context of alarming climate change projections. However, the dynamic influences of vegetation on spatio-temporal processes in water cycling in the critical zone of catchments are not yet fully understood. We used water stable isotopes to investigate the impacts of the 2018 drought on dominant soil–vegetation units of the mixed land use Demnitz Millcreek (DMC, north-eastern Germany) catchment (66 km2). The isotope sampling was carried out in conjunction with hydroclimatic, soil, groundwater, and vegetation monitoring. Drying soils, falling groundwater levels, cessation of streamflow, and reduced crop yields demonstrated the failure of catchment water storage to support “blue” (groundwater recharge and stream discharge) and “green” (evapotranspiration) water fluxes. We further conducted monthly bulk soil water isotope sampling to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of water soil storage under forest and grassland vegetation. Forest soils were drier than the grassland, mainly due to higher interception and transpiration losses. However, the forest soils also had more freely draining shallow layers and were dominated by rapid young (age <2 months) water fluxes after rainfall events. The grassland soils were more retentive and dominated by older water (age >2 months), though the lack of deep percolation produced water ages >1 year under forest. We found the displacement of any “drought signal” within the soil profile limited to the isotopic signatures and no displacement or “memory effect” in d-excess over the monthly time step, indicating rapid mixing of new rainfall. Our findings suggest that contrasting soil–vegetation communities have distinct impacts on ecohydrological partitioning and water ages in the sub-surface. Such insights will be invaluable for developing sustainable land management strategies appropriate to water availability and building resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Using isotopes to understand evaporation, moisture stress and re-wetting in catchment forest and grassland soils of the summer drought of 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Kleine ◽  
Doerthe Tetzlaff ◽  
Aaron Smith ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Chris Soulsby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Ne Germany ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. In drought sensitive lowland catchments, ecohydrological feedbacks to climatic anomalies can give valuable insights into ecosystem functioning in the context of alarming climate change projections. However, the dynamic influences of vegetation on spatio-temporal processes in water cycling in the critical zone of catchments are not yet fully understood. We used stable isotopes to investigate the impacts of the 2018 drought on dominant soil-vegetation units of the mixed land-use Demnitzer Mill Creek (DMC, NE Germany) catchment (66 km²). The isotope sampling was carried out in conjunction with hydroclimatic, soil, groundwater, and vegetation monitoring. Drying soils, falling groundwater levels, cessation of stream flow and reduced crop yields demonstrated the failure of catchment water storage to support blue and green water fluxes. We further conducted monthly bulk soil water isotope sampling to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of water soil storage under forest and grassland vegetation. Forest soils were drier than the grassland mainly due to higher interception and transpiration losses. However, the forest soils also had more freely draining shallow layers, and were dominated by rapid young (age  2 months), though the lack of deep percolation produced water ages ~ 1 year under forest. We found the displacement of any drought signal within the soil profile limited to the isotopic signatures and no displacement or memory effect in d-excess over the monthly time step, indicating rapid mixing of new rainfall. Our findings suggest that contrasting soil-vegetation assemblages communities have distinct impacts on ecohydrological partitioning and water ages in the sub surface. Such insights will be invaluable for developing sustainable land management strategies appropriate to water availability and build resilience to climate change.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of climate change, land degradation, and water insecurity in an arid rangeland: The Río San Miguel watershed, Sonora, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 104539
Author(s):  
Ryan H. Lee ◽  
Luis Alan Navarro-Navarro ◽  
América Lutz Ley ◽  
Kyle Hartfield ◽  
Douglas R. Tolleson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Arid Rangeland

Spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria expansion under climate change in semi-arid areas of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-413
Author(s):  
Haftu Abrha ◽  
Haftom Hagos ◽  
Emiru Brhane ◽  
Meseret Hadgu ◽  
Girma Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Semi Arid

Modelling the potential impact of climate change on future spatial and temporal patterns of biological control agents:Peristenus digoneutis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Olfert ◽  
T. Haye ◽  
R. Weiss ◽  
D. Kriticos ◽  
U. Kuhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Climate Suitability ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractMechanistic species niche models were used to map the seasonal spatio-temporal dynamics of biological control pressure. Future climate scenarios were applied to these models to identify potential future trends in the patterns of biological control pressure through space and time during an annual seasonal cycle.Peristenus digoneutisLoan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a parasitoid ofLygusHahn (Hemiptera: Miridae) species, important pests of glasshouse and field crops throughout Europe and North America. Consistent with theoretical expectations, the modelled potential range ofP. digoneutisexpanded polewards and contracted from its southern temperature range limits. However, its distribution did not change consistently across continents or countries. Locations near the outer limits of the current modelled distribution were more sensitive to changes in future climates than locations near the central core. Weekly climate suitability and stress maps were developed to provide insight into seasonal adjustments that accompany changes in the potential range of pest species and their natural enemies. Climate change may increase the number ofLygusgenerations in western Canada allowingP. digoneutisto establish in areas, where biological control attempts had failed in the past.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document