Using isotopes to understand evaporation, moisture stress and re-wetting in catchment forest and grassland soils of the summer drought of 2018

Abstract. In drought sensitive lowland catchments, ecohydrological feedbacks to climatic anomalies can give valuable insights into ecosystem functioning in the context of alarming climate change projections. However, the dynamic influences of vegetation on spatio-temporal processes in water cycling in the critical zone of catchments are not yet fully understood. We used stable isotopes to investigate the impacts of the 2018 drought on dominant soil-vegetation units of the mixed land-use Demnitzer Mill Creek (DMC, NE Germany) catchment (66 km²). The isotope sampling was carried out in conjunction with hydroclimatic, soil, groundwater, and vegetation monitoring. Drying soils, falling groundwater levels, cessation of stream flow and reduced crop yields demonstrated the failure of catchment water storage to support blue and green water fluxes. We further conducted monthly bulk soil water isotope sampling to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of water soil storage under forest and grassland vegetation. Forest soils were drier than the grassland mainly due to higher interception and transpiration losses. However, the forest soils also had more freely draining shallow layers, and were dominated by rapid young (age 2 months), though the lack of deep percolation produced water ages ~ 1 year under forest. We found the displacement of any drought signal within the soil profile limited to the isotopic signatures and no displacement or memory effect in d-excess over the monthly time step, indicating rapid mixing of new rainfall. Our findings suggest that contrasting soil-vegetation assemblages communities have distinct impacts on ecohydrological partitioning and water ages in the sub surface. Such insights will be invaluable for developing sustainable land management strategies appropriate to water availability and build resilience to climate change.

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Using water stable isotopes to understand evaporation, moisture stress, and re-wetting in catchment forest and grassland soils of the summer drought of 2018

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-24-3737-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 3737-3752 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lukas Kleine ◽

Doerthe Tetzlaff ◽

Aaron Smith ◽

Hailong Wang ◽

Chris Soulsby

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Stable Isotopes ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Summer Drought ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

Time Step ◽

Grassland Soils ◽

Spatio Temporal

Abstract. In drought-sensitive lowland catchments, ecohydrological feedbacks to climatic anomalies can give valuable insights into ecosystem functioning in the context of alarming climate change projections. However, the dynamic influences of vegetation on spatio-temporal processes in water cycling in the critical zone of catchments are not yet fully understood. We used water stable isotopes to investigate the impacts of the 2018 drought on dominant soil–vegetation units of the mixed land use Demnitz Millcreek (DMC, north-eastern Germany) catchment (66 km2). The isotope sampling was carried out in conjunction with hydroclimatic, soil, groundwater, and vegetation monitoring. Drying soils, falling groundwater levels, cessation of streamflow, and reduced crop yields demonstrated the failure of catchment water storage to support “blue” (groundwater recharge and stream discharge) and “green” (evapotranspiration) water fluxes. We further conducted monthly bulk soil water isotope sampling to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of water soil storage under forest and grassland vegetation. Forest soils were drier than the grassland, mainly due to higher interception and transpiration losses. However, the forest soils also had more freely draining shallow layers and were dominated by rapid young (age <2 months) water fluxes after rainfall events. The grassland soils were more retentive and dominated by older water (age >2 months), though the lack of deep percolation produced water ages >1 year under forest. We found the displacement of any “drought signal” within the soil profile limited to the isotopic signatures and no displacement or “memory effect” in d-excess over the monthly time step, indicating rapid mixing of new rainfall. Our findings suggest that contrasting soil–vegetation communities have distinct impacts on ecohydrological partitioning and water ages in the sub-surface. Such insights will be invaluable for developing sustainable land management strategies appropriate to water availability and building resilience to climate change.

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Source-to-Sink (S2S) analysis of a lacustrine system across the K-T boundary: the Yacoraite Formation, Salta rift basin, Argentina

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13087 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sébastien Rohais ◽

Youri Hamon ◽

Rémy Deschamps ◽

Valérie Beaumont ◽

Marta Gasparrini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Source Rock ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Type I ◽

Rift Basin ◽

Time Step ◽

Source To Sink ◽

Basin Scale

In this contribution, we present a source-to-sink (S2S) analysis of the Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic Yacoraite Formation, a typical lacustrine source rock from the Salta rift Basin (NW Argentina). The Yacoraite Formation corresponds to a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lacustrine sedimentary system, deposited during the sag phase (post-rift) and also records the K-T boundary. An integrated S2S approach was applied using sedimentary, geochronology, geochemical and isotopic datasets at basin scale (ca. 200 x 200 km), to better understand the complex interactions between production, destruction, and dilution processes that characterize the dynamic of organic-rich sediments. These data are used here to discuss the high-resolution (time step ca. 0.05-1 Myr) patterns of organic carbon enrichment in a lacustrine system across the K-T boundary.Results show that the Yacoraite Formation recorded major climate changes that can be documented in terms of catchment dynamic, erosion processes, carbonate accumulation trends, lacustrine dynamic and source rock quality. The background organic matter corresponds to a Type I kerogen dominated by algal growth (mean HI 600-800 mgHC/gTOC, TOC0 1-2 wt.%). The K-T boundary was the climax of a climate change initiated ca. 0.3 Myr before that induced a major change in the catchment weathering processes, which temporally corresponds to the accumulation of poor quality source rock intervals (TOC0 &#8804; 0.2 wt.% and HI < 50 mgHC/gTOC) in these series. The location of the K-T boundary is highlighted by a main negative anomaly in &#948;13C of the carbonate deposits in the Yacoraite Formation, as also supported by absolute U-Pb dating of inter-fingered volcanic ashes. It was followed by a major pulse in paleo-productivity, in turn followed by a major pulse in TOC0 (10-15 wt.%) under anoxic conditions. In ca. 0.2 Myr the lacustrine dynamic and the related organic-carbon enrichment resumed to their initial setting, just prior to the preluding K-T boundary climate change. The obtained results suggest that the Yacoraite Formation can be considered as a world-class example to illustrate how the K-T boundary is recorded in lacustrine sediments. In particular, it could be used as reference to address key questions related to cross-scale interactions, feedback loops and temporal dynamics in the sedimentary record.

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Satellite monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics of China’s coastal zone eco-environments: preliminary analysis on the relationship between the environment, climate change and human behavior

Environmental Geology ◽

10.1007/s00254-007-1120-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (8) ◽

pp. 1687-1698 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Q. Qin ◽

L. Zhu ◽

A. Ghulam ◽

Z. Li ◽

P. Nan

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Coastal Zone ◽

Human Behavior ◽

Preliminary Analysis ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Satellite Monitoring ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

The Relationship

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Periodic synchronization of dengue epidemics in Thailand: the roles played by temperature and immunity

10.1101/2021.03.01.433325 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bernardo García-Carreras ◽

Bingyi Yang ◽

Mary K Grabowski ◽

Lawrence W Sheppard ◽

Angkana T Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Large Impact ◽

Haemorrhagic Fever ◽

Disease Patterns ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Dengue Epidemics ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

The spatial distribution of dengue and its vectors (spp. Aedes) may be the widest it has ever been, and projections suggest that climate change may allow the expansion to continue. However, the largest impacts of climate change on dengue might be in regions where the pathogen is already endemic. In these areas, the waxing and waning of immunity has a large impact on temporal dynamics of cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Here, we use 51 years of data across 72 provinces and characterise spatio-temporal patterns of dengue in Thailand, where dengue has caused almost 1.5 million cases over the last thirty years, and examine the roles played by temperature and dynamics of immunity in giving rise to those patterns. We find that timescales of multiannual oscillations in dengue vary in space and time and uncover an interesting spatial phenomenon: Thailand has experienced multiple, periodic synchronization events. We show that patterns in synchrony of dengue are consistent with those observed in temperature. Applying a temperature-driven dengue model, we explore how dynamics of immunity interact with temperature to produce the observed multiannual dynamics and patterns in synchrony. While multiannual oscillations are readily produced by immunity in absence of multiannual timescales in temperature, synchrony in temperature can synchronise dengue dynamics in different locations. However, at higher mean temperatures and lower seasonal variation, immune dynamics become more predominant, and dengue dynamics become more insensitive to multiannual fluctuations in temperature. These findings can help underpin predictions of disease patterns as global temperatures rise.

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Vineyard Variability Analysis through UAV-Based Vigour Maps to Assess Climate Change Impacts

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9100581 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 581 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luís Pádua ◽

Pedro Marques ◽

Telmo Adão ◽

Nathalie Guimarães ◽

António Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Stress ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Stress Index ◽

Crop Water Stress Index ◽

Multi Temporal

Climate change is projected to be a key influence on crop yields across the globe. Regarding viticulture, primary climate vectors with a significant impact include temperature, moisture stress, and radiation. Within this context, it is of foremost importance to monitor soils’ moisture levels, as well as to detect pests, diseases, and possible problems with irrigation equipment. Regular monitoring activities will enable timely measures that may trigger field interventions that are used to preserve grapevines’ phytosanitary state, saving both time and money, while assuring a more sustainable activity. This study employs unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to acquire aerial imagery, using RGB, multispectral and thermal infrared sensors in a vineyard located in the Portuguese Douro wine region. Data acquired enabled the multi-temporal characterization of the vineyard development throughout a season through the computation of the normalized difference vegetation index, crop surface models, and the crop water stress index. Moreover, vigour maps were computed in three classes (high, medium, and low) with different approaches: (1) considering the whole vineyard, including inter-row vegetation and bare soil; (2) considering only automatically detected grapevine vegetation; and (3) also considering grapevine vegetation by only applying a normalization process before creating the vigour maps. Results showed that vigour maps considering only grapevine vegetation provided an accurate representation of the vineyard variability. Furthermore, significant spatial associations can be gathered through (i) a multi-temporal analysis of vigour maps, and (ii) by comparing vigour maps with both height and water stress estimation. This type of analysis can assist, in a significant way, the decision-making processes in viticulture.

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Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Maize Yield Water Constraints under Climate Change in Spain

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0098220 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e98220 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rosana Ferrero ◽

Mauricio Lima ◽

Jose Luis Gonzalez-Andujar

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Spatio Temporal

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Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Soil Geochemical Anomalies in the Zone of Impact of Slag Residuals

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2019-3-44-48 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 44-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L.P. Stepanova ◽

E.V. Yakovleva ◽

A.V. Pisareva

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Total Content ◽

Gray Forest Soils ◽

Humus Layer ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Slag Dump ◽

The Impact ◽

The Village

The 13-year-old (from 2003 to 2016) dynamics of soil contamination for the content of heavy metals in the area of the village of Bolshoye Dumchino of the Mtsensk District in the territory adjacent to the slag dump of Mtsensk Foundry was studied. It is shown that on the territory of the placement of slag residuals a techno geochemical anomaly is formed, in which the contained heavy metals are of technogenic and genetic (natural geochemical) nature. To identify the effect of anthropogenic factor on soil pollution with heavy metals, was determined the refined enrichment factor of heavy metals (EFHM) in light gray forest soils at different distances from the slag dump, allowing to calculate the proportion of technogeneity of metals as a percentage of its total content. The technogenic origin of heavy metals as pollutants and the role of humus soil horizons in fixing these metals in the soil profile have been proven. Analysis of the results characterizing the degree of enrichment of the genetic horizons of light gray forest soils with heavy metals for the period 2003–2016 convincingly proves the effect of maximum accumulation of slag residuals in the dump on the accumulation intensity and fixation of the studied metals, both in the upper humus layer and their distribution in the profile soil. The established patterns in changing the degree of enrichment and technogenicity of heavy metals in the profile of light-gray forest soil are caused not only by the impact of the slag dump as a source of pollution, but also by the peculiarities of using the soils of the studied territories. It is shown that the toxic load for the analyzed period not only did not decrease, but even increased.

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