scholarly journals Reduced Right Frontal Fractional Anisotropy Correlated with Early Elevated Plasma LDL Levels in Obese Young Adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e108180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohui Lou ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Xiaojie Luo ◽  
Yongming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Elevated Plasma

Thermoregulatory and soporific effects of very low dose melatonin injection

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. E249-E254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron J. van den Heuvel ◽  
David J. Kennaway ◽  
Drew Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Hand Temperature ◽  
Subjective Sleepiness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Melatonin Injection

The effect of a rapid increase in circulating melatonin on body temperatures and sleepiness was investigated in eight young adults at 1000. Melatonin administered intravenously at 10- and 30-μg doses, but not 3 μg, resulted in elevated plasma and saliva levels consistent with endogenous levels measured in adults at night. Melatonin at 10 and 30 μg significantly attenuated the daytime increase in rectal core temperature ( P < 0.05 for both). The mean maximum rectal core temperature differences between saline and melatonin treatment were 0.11 ± 0.03°C, 0.16 ± 0.04°C, and 0.18 ± 0.04°C after the 3-, 10-, and 30-μg melatonin doses, respectively. All three doses significantly increased hand temperature compared with saline ( P < 0.05) within 30 min. The mean maximum hand temperature differences were 0.72 ± 0.12°C (3 μg), 0.95 ± 0.15°C (10 μg), and 0.65 ± 0.11°C (30 μg). Foot temperature and subjective sleepiness measures did not change at any melatonin dose. The results suggest that daytime intravenous injection of melatonin to achieve normal nocturnal levels in young adults may produce significant thermoregulatory changes without soporific effects.

scholarly journals Nicotine Effects on White Matter Microstructure in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M Kangiser ◽  
Alicia M Thomas ◽  
Christine M Kaiver ◽  
Krista M Lisdahl
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

Abstract Objective Nicotine use is widely prevalent among youth, and is associated with white matter microstructural changes as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In adults, nicotine use is generally associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA), but in adolescents/young adults (≤30 years), microstructure appears healthier, indicated by higher FA. This cross-sectional study examined associations between nicotine use and white matter microstructure using fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in young adults. Methods Fifty-three participants (18 nicotine users [10 female]/35 controls [17 female]) ages 18–25 underwent MRI scan, neuropsychological battery, toxicology screening, and drug use interview. Nicotine group associations with FA and MD were examined in various white matter tracts. In significant tracts, AD and RD were measured. Exploratory correlations were conducted between significant tracts and verbal memory and sustained attention/working memory performance. Results Nicotine users exhibited significantly lower FA than controls in the left anterior thalamic radiation, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left superior longitudinal fasciculus—temporal, and left uncinate fasciculus. In these tracts, AD and RD did not differ, nor did MD differ in any tract. White matter quality was positively correlated with sustained attention/working memory performance. Conclusions Cigarette smoking may disrupt white matter microstructure. These results are consistent with adult studies, but inconsistent with adolescent/young adult studies, likely due to methodological and sample age differences. Further studies should examine longitudinal effects of nicotine use on white matter microstructure in a larger sample.

Associations between autistic traits and fractional anisotropy values in white matter tracts in a nonclinical sample of young adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Bradstreet ◽  
Erin E. Hecht ◽  
Tricia Z. King ◽  
Jessica L. Turner ◽  
Diana L. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Nonclinical Sample

scholarly journals Reduced fractional anisotropy in the visual limbic pathway of young adults witnessing domestic violence in childhood

NeuroImage ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeewook Choi ◽  
Bumseok Jeong ◽  
Ann Polcari ◽  
Michael L. Rohan ◽  
Martin H. Teicher
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Witnessing Domestic Violence

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document