A Longitudinal Study: Changes in Cortical Thickness and Surface Area during Pubertal Maturation

Background: The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-clinical stage of dementia characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaint. Yet, the brain substrates of MCR are not well established. Objective: To examine cortical thickness, volume, and surface area associated with MCR in the MCR-Neuroimaging Consortium, which harmonizes image processing/analysis of multiple cohorts. Methods: Two-hundred MRIs (M age 72.62 years; 47.74%female; 33.17%MCR) from four different cohorts (50 each) were first processed with FreeSurfer 6.0, and then analyzed using multivariate and univariate general linear models with 1,000 bootstrapped samples (n-1; with resampling). All models adjusted for age, sex, education, white matter lesions, total intracranial volume, and study site. Results: Overall, cortical thickness was lower in individuals with MCR than in those without MCR. There was a trend in the same direction for cortical volume (p = 0.051). Regional cortical thickness was also lower among individuals with MCR than individuals without MCR in prefrontal, insular, temporal, and parietal regions. Conclusion: Cortical atrophy in MCR is pervasive, and include regions previously associated with human locomotion, but also social, cognitive, affective, and motor functions. Cortical atrophy in MCR is easier to detect in cortical thickness than volume and surface area because thickness is more affected by healthy and pathological aging.

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Variability of the paracingulate sulcus and morphometry of the medial frontal cortex: Associations with cortical thickness, surface area, volume, and sulcal depth

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.20381 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 222-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Alex Fornito ◽

Stephen J. Wood ◽

Sarah Whittle ◽

Jack Fuller ◽

Chris Adamson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frontal Cortex ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Medial Frontal Cortex ◽

Sulcal Depth

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Cortical thickness and surface area correlates with cognitive dysfunction among first-episode psychosis patients

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000684 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 2145-2155 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

L. Haring ◽

A. Müürsepp ◽

R. Mõttus ◽

P. Ilves ◽

K. Koch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Brain Regions ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Neurocognitive Performance ◽

Episode Psychosis

BackgroundIn studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), some have reported specific brain structure–function relationships among first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, but findings are inconsistent. We aimed to localize the brain regions where cortical thickness (CTh) and surface area (cortical area; CA) relate to neurocognition, by performing an MRI on participants and measuring their neurocognitive performance using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), in order to investigate any significant differences between FEP patients and control subjects (CS).MethodExploration of potential correlations between specific cognitive functions and brain structure was performed using CANTAB computer-based neurocognitive testing and a vertex-by-vertex whole-brain MRI analysis of 63 FEP patients and 30 CS.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between cortical parameters in the frontal, temporal, cingular and occipital brain regions and performance in set-shifting, working memory manipulation, strategy usage and sustained attention tests. These correlations were significantly dissimilar between FEP patients and CS.ConclusionsSignificant correlations between CTh and CA with neurocognitive performance were localized in brain areas known to be involved in cognition. The results also suggested a disrupted structure–function relationship in FEP patients compared with CS.

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Brain development during adolescence: A mixed-longitudinal investigation of cortical thickness, surface area, and volume

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.23154 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 2027-2038 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

Nandita Vijayakumar ◽

Nicholas B. Allen ◽

George Youssef ◽

Meg Dennison ◽

Murat Yücel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Development ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Longitudinal Investigation ◽

Area And Volume

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Reduced cortical thickness and increased surface area in antisocial personality disorder

Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 337 ◽

pp. 143-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Weixiong Jiang ◽

Gang Li ◽

Huasheng Liu ◽

Feng Shi ◽

Tao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽

Antisocial Personality

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Cortical thickness and surface area as an endophenotype in bipolar disorder type I patients and their first-degree relatives

NeuroImage Clinical ◽

10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101695 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 101695

Author(s):

Nefize Yalin ◽

Aybala Saricicek ◽

Ceren Hidiroglu ◽

Andre Zugman ◽

Nese Direk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Type I ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Disorder Type

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Towards a novel marker of insulin resistance in obesity: S100A4 in girls along the puberty. The longitudinal study “PUBMEP”

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120005959 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Augusto Anguita-Ruiz ◽

Andrea Méndez-Gutierrez ◽

Azahara I. Ruperez ◽

Rosaura Leis ◽

Gloria Bueno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Adult Women ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Pubertal Maturation ◽

S100a4 Protein

AbstractIntroduction:Insulin resistance (IR) is the major driver for the development of obesity-associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications. It is well known that IR increase physiologically during puberty; hence, pubertal maturation might favour this metabolic risk in obese children. Recently, a study carried out in adult women with obesity has identified a new adipokine, known as S100A4, strongly associated with IR and inflammation in adipose tissue. On the contrary, little is known about the implication of S100A4 in the development of such metabolic disturbances during the onset and course of pubertal development.Materials and methods:A longitudinal study was conducted on 53 Spanish girls distributed in six experimental conditions according to their obesity and IR status (before (T0) and after (T1) the onset of puberty). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated in all samples and time points. Classification of pubertal stage was made according to the Tanner scale. S100A4 protein levels were quantified by ELISA CSB-EL02032HU in plasma samples (Cusabio Biotech, Wuhan, China). The statistical analysis of the results was carried out with the “nlme” package in R v3.4.4, using a mixed-effects linear model with random intercept and slope.Results:At a significance level of alpha = 0.05, a linear mixed-effects model reported a significant association (P = 0.03) between the interaction term “time*experimental group” and S100A4 levels. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons between experimental groups revealed a strong association between a worsening/improvement of the IR status and the increase/decrease of S100A4 levels (yielding significant results for 5 of the 15 comparisons (P = 0.008, P = 0.04, P = 0.02, P = 0.04 and P = 0.02)). Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model reported a positive correlation between the increase in S100A4 levels and the increase in HOMA values during the course of puberty (B = 6.03, SE = 2.66 and P = 0.028).Discussion:The S100A4 protein is strongly associated with the development of IR in girls with childhood obesity and this association is accentuated during pubertal development. Increase in S100A4 levels could be one of the molecular mechanisms by which pubertal maturation favour an increased metabolic risk in children with obesity.

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Quantifying the Polygenic Architecture of the Human Cerebral Cortex: Extensive Genetic Overlap between Cortical Thickness and Surface Area

Cerebral Cortex ◽

10.1093/cercor/bhaa146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 5597-5603 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dennis van der Meer ◽

Oleksandr Frei ◽

Tobias Kaufmann ◽

Chi-Hua Chen ◽

Wesley K Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Large Scale ◽

Gaussian Mixture ◽

Total Surface Area ◽

Brain Morphology ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Genetic Predictors ◽

Genetic Overlap ◽

Causal Variants

Abstract The thickness of the cerebral cortical sheet and its surface area are highly heritable traits thought to have largely distinct polygenic architectures. Despite large-scale efforts, the majority of their genetic determinants remain unknown. Our ability to identify causal genetic variants can be improved by employing brain measures that better map onto the biology we seek to understand. Such measures may have fewer variants but with larger effects, that is, lower polygenicity and higher discoverability. Using Gaussian mixture modeling, we estimated the number of causal variants shared between mean cortical thickness and total surface area, as well as the polygenicity and discoverability of regional measures. We made use of UK Biobank data from 30 880 healthy White European individuals (mean age 64.3, standard deviation 7.5, 52.1% female). We found large genetic overlap between total surface area and mean thickness, sharing 4016 out of 7941 causal variants. Regional surface area was more discoverable (P = 2.6 × 10−6) and less polygenic (P = 0.004) than regional thickness measures. These findings may serve as a roadmap for improved future GWAS studies; knowledge of which measures are most discoverable may be used to boost identification of genetic predictors and thereby gain a better understanding of brain morphology.

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