scholarly journals Cortical Volume, Thickness, and Surface Area in the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Helena M. Blumen ◽  
Emily Schwartz ◽  
Gilles Allali ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
Michele Callisaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Cognitive Complaint

Background: The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-clinical stage of dementia characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaint. Yet, the brain substrates of MCR are not well established. Objective: To examine cortical thickness, volume, and surface area associated with MCR in the MCR-Neuroimaging Consortium, which harmonizes image processing/analysis of multiple cohorts. Methods: Two-hundred MRIs (M age 72.62 years; 47.74%female; 33.17%MCR) from four different cohorts (50 each) were first processed with FreeSurfer 6.0, and then analyzed using multivariate and univariate general linear models with 1,000 bootstrapped samples (n-1; with resampling). All models adjusted for age, sex, education, white matter lesions, total intracranial volume, and study site. Results: Overall, cortical thickness was lower in individuals with MCR than in those without MCR. There was a trend in the same direction for cortical volume (p = 0.051). Regional cortical thickness was also lower among individuals with MCR than individuals without MCR in prefrontal, insular, temporal, and parietal regions. Conclusion: Cortical atrophy in MCR is pervasive, and include regions previously associated with human locomotion, but also social, cognitive, affective, and motor functions. Cortical atrophy in MCR is easier to detect in cortical thickness than volume and surface area because thickness is more affected by healthy and pathological aging.

Association Between Cerebral Cortical Microinfarcts and Perilesional Cortical Atrophy on 3T MRI

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013140
Author(s):  
Doeschka A. Ferro ◽  
Hugo J. Kuijf ◽  
Saima Hilal ◽  
Susanne J. van Veluw ◽  
Daniëlle van Veldhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
3T Mri

Background and objectives:Cerebral cortical microinfarcts (CMIs) are a novel MRI-marker of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) that predicts accelerated cognitive decline. Presence of CMIs is known to be associated with global cortical atrophy, although the mechanism linking the two is unclear. Our primary objective was to examine the relation between CMIs and cortical atrophy and establish possible perilesional atrophy surrounding CMIs. Our secondary objective was to examine the role of cortical atrophy in CMI-associated cognitive impairment.Methods:Patients were recruited from two Singapore memory clinics between December 2010 and September 2013 and included if they received the diagnosis no objective cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment (with or without a history of stroke) or Alzheimer’s or vascular dementia. Cortical thickness, chronic cortical microinfarcts and MRI-markers of CeVD were assessed on 3T MRI. Patients underwent cognitive testing. Cortical thickness was compared globally between patients with and without CMIs, regionally within individual patients with CMIs comparing brain regions with CMIs to the corresponding contralateral region without CMIs and locally within individuals patients in a 50 mm radius of CMIs. Global cortical thickness was analyzed as mediator in the relation between CMI and cognitive performance.Results:Of the 238 patients (mean age 72.5 SD 9.1 years) enrolled, 75 had ≥1 CMIs. Patient with CMIs had a 2.1% lower global cortical thickness (B=-.049 mm, 95% CI [.091; -.007] p=.022) compared to patients without CMIs, after correction for age, sex, education and intracranial volume. In patients with CMIs, cortical thickness in brain regions with CMIs was 2.2 % lower than in contralateral regions without CMIs (B=-.048 mm [-.071; -.026] p<.001). In a 20 mm radius area surrounding the CMI-core, cortical thickness was lower than in the area 20-50 mm from the CMI-core (Mean difference -.06 mm 95% CI [-.10; -.02] p=.002). Global cortical thickness was a significant mediator in the relationship between CMI presence and cognitive performance as measure with the Mini-Mental State Examination (B=-.12 [-.22; -.01] p=.025).Discussion:We found cortical atrophy surrounding CMIs, suggesting a perilesional effect in a cortical area many times larger than the CMI-core. Our findings support the notion that CMIs affect brain structure beyond the actual lesion site.

scholarly journals Brain structural differences between 73- and 92-year olds matched for childhood intelligence, social background, and intracranial volume

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Ritchie ◽  
David Alexander Dickie ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Maria del C. Valdés Hernández ◽  
Alison Pattie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Cortical Surface Area

AbstractFully characterizing age differences in the brain is a key task for combatting ageing-related cognitive decline. Using propensity score matching on two independent, narrow-age cohorts, we used data on childhood cognitive ability, socioeconomic background, and intracranial volume to match participants at mean age 92 years (n = 42) to very similar participants at mean age 73 (n = 126). Examining a variety of global and regional structural neuroimaging variables, there were large differences in grey and white matter volumes, cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensity volume and spatial extent. In a mediation analysis, the total volume of white matter hyperintensities and total cortical surface area jointly mediated 24.9% of the relation between age and general cognitive ability (tissue volumes and cortical thickness were not significant mediators in this analysis). These findings provide an unusual and valuable perspective on neurostructural ageing, in which brains from the eighth and tenth decades of life differ widely despite the same cognitive, socio-economic, and brain-volumetric starting points.

scholarly journals Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. E5154-E5163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Zhen Kong ◽  
Samuel R. Mathias ◽  
Tulio Guadalupe ◽  
David C. Glahn ◽  
Barbara Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Brain Organization

Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and intracranial volume. Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets (n = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing significant, replicable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Significance of Normalization on Anatomical MRI Measures in Predicting Alzheimer’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Mohammed Goryawala ◽  
Mercedes Cabrerizo ◽  
Warren Barker ◽  
Ranjan Duara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Subcortical Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Volume

This study establishes a new approach for combining neuroimaging and neuropsychological measures for an optimal decisional space to classify subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This approach relies on a multivariate feature selection method with different MRI normalization techniques. Subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and surface area measures are obtained using MRIs from 189 participants (129 normal controls and 60 AD patients). Statistically significant variables were selected for each combination model to construct a multidimensional space for classification. Different normalization approaches were explored to gauge the effect on classification performance using a support vector machine classifier. Results indicate that the Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) measure is most discriminative among single-measure models, while subcortical volume combined with MMSE is the most effective multivariate model for AD classification. The study demonstrates that subcortical volumes need not be normalized, whereas cortical thickness should be normalized either by intracranial volume or mean thickness, and surface area is a weak indicator of AD with and without normalization. On the significant brain regions, a nearly perfect symmetry is observed for subcortical volumes and cortical thickness, and a significant reduction in thickness is particularly seen in the temporal lobe, which is associated with brain deficits characterizing AD.

scholarly journals Joint contributions of cortical morphometry and white matter microstructure in healthy brain aging: A partial least squares correlation analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hoagey ◽  
Jenny R. Rieck ◽  
Karen M. Rodrigue ◽  
Kristen M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Multivariate Techniques

AbstractCortical atrophy and degraded axonal health have been shown to coincide during normal aging; however, few studies have examined these measures together. To lend insight into both the regional specificity and the relative timecourse of structural degradation of these tissue compartments across the lifespan, we analyzed grey matter (GM) morphometry (cortical thickness, surface area, volume) and estimates of white matter (WM) microstructure (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) using traditional univariate and more robust multivariate techniques to examine age associations in 186 healthy adults aged 20-94 years old. Univariate analysis of each tissue type revealed that negative age associations were largest in frontal grey and white matter tissue and weaker in temporal, cingulate, and occipital regions, representative of not only an anterior-to-posterior gradient, but also a medial-to-lateral gradient. Multivariate partial least squares correlation (PLSC) found the greatest covariance between GM and WM was driven by the relationship between WM metrics in the anterior corpus callosum and projections of the genu, anterior cingulum, and fornix; and with GM thickness in parietal and frontal regions. Surface area was far less susceptible to age effects and displayed less covariance with WM metrics, while regional volume covariance patterns largely mirrored those of cortical thickness. Results support a retrogenesis-like model of aging, revealing a coupled relationship between frontal and parietal GM and the underlying WM, which evidence the most protracted development and the most vulnerability during healthy aging.

scholarly journals Planar cell polarity pathway and development of the human visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Shin ◽  
Shaojie Ma ◽  
Edith Hofer ◽  
Yash Patel ◽  
Gennady V. Roshchupkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cortical Regions

AbstractThe radial unit hypothesis provides a framework for global (proliferation) and regional (distribution) expansion of the primate cerebral cortex. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we have identified cortical regions with shared variance in their surface area and cortical thickness, respectively, segmented from magnetic resonance images obtained in 23,800 participants. We then carried out meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies of the first two principal components for each phenotype. For surface area (but not cortical thickness), we have detected strong associations between each of the components and single nucleotide polymorphisms in a number of gene loci. The first (global) component was associated mainly with loci on chromosome 17 (9.5e-32 ≤ p ≤ 2.8e-10), including those detected previously as linked with intracranial volume and/or general cognitive function. The second (regional) component captured shared variation in the surface area of the primary and adjacent secondary visual cortices and showed a robust association with polymorphisms in a locus on chromosome 14 containing Disheveled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1; p=2.4e-34). DAAM1 is a key component in the planar-cell-polarity signaling pathway. In follow-up studies, we have focused on the latter finding and established that: (1) DAAM1 is highly expressed between 12th and 22nd post-conception weeks in the human cerebral cortex; (2) genes co-expressed with DAAM1 in the primary visual cortex are enriched in mitochondria-related pathways; and (3) volume of the lateral geniculate nucleus, which projects to regions of the visual cortex staining for cytochrome oxidase (a mitochondrial enzyme), correlates with the surface area of the visual cortex in major-allele homozygotes but not in carriers of the minor allele. Altogether, we speculate that, in concert with thalamocortical input to cortical subplate, DAAM1 enables migration of neurons to cytochrome-oxidase rich regions of the visual cortex, and, in turn, facilitates regional expansion of this set of cortical regions during development.

scholarly journals Mapping Cortical Brain Asymmetry in 17,141 Healthy Individuals Worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Zhen Kong ◽  
Samuel R. Mathias ◽  
Tulio Guadalupe ◽  
Christoph Abé ◽  
Ingrid Agartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Future Studies

AbstractHemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here the ENIGMA consortium presents the largest ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and brain size (indexed by intracranial volume). Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets (N = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing modest but highly reliable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified, and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.Significance StatementLeft-right asymmetry is a key feature of the human brain's structure and function. It remains unclear which cortical regions are asymmetrical on average in the population, and how biological factors such as age, sex and genetic variation affect these asymmetries. Here we describe by far the largest ever study of cerebral cortical brain asymmetry, based on data from 17,141 participants. We found a global anterior-posterior 'torque' pattern in cortical thickness, together with various regional asymmetries at the population level, which have not been previously described, as well as effects of age, sex, and heritability estimates. From these data, we have created an on-line resource that will serve future studies of human brain anatomy in health and disease.

Neuroimaging and genetic correlates of cognitive ability and cognitive development in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart James Ritchie ◽  
Erin Burke Quinlan ◽  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
Arun L.W. Bokde ◽  
Sylvane Desrivieres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Polygenic Score ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
The Brain

Adolescence is marked by changes in cognitive abilities and in several MRI-based measures of brain structure. This study took an individual-differences approach to help understand adolescent cognitive development in a large-sample longitudinal cohort, the IMAGEN study (initial n = 2,316). We used a latent change score model to assess the associations between levels and changes in the brain’s grey-matter regions and latent general cognitive ability between ages 14 and 19 years. As expected, higher cognitive ability was correlated with higher cortical volume and larger surface area, with more ambiguous results for cortical thickness. Higher-ability participants at age 14 tended to have accelerated subsequent cortical thinning, as well as cortical volume loss. There was no statistically significant link between changes in cognitive ability and changes in the brain measures we used. We also attempted to predict levels and changes in the brain and in cognitive ability using a polygenic score for genetic variants linked to educational attainment: the score was modestly associated with the baseline measures, but did not predict the trajectory of change in any measure to a statistically significant degree. Age-14 cortical volume and surface area—though not cortical thickness—mediated a portion (9-10%) of the association between the polygenic score and age-19 cognitive ability. These findings demonstrate how large-sample data can shed light on the links between brain and cognitive ability in this important phase of the lifespan.

scholarly journals A multi‐country, multi‐cohort examination of cortical volume, thickness, and surface area in the motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena M Blumen ◽  
Emily Schwartz ◽  
Gilles Allali ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
Michele L Callisaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Cognitive Risk
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