Aphid Parasitoid Mothers Don't Always Know Best through the Whole Host Selection Process

AbstractLittle is known of the olfactory mechanisms of host detection in the ovipositors of endoparasitoids and ectoparasitoids. An endoparasitoid Aprostocetus causalis La Salle & Wu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and an ectoparasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) are the two parasitoids of the eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe spp. Structures and sense organs of ovipositors of A. causalis and Q. mendeli were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, which provided essential information for exploring the mechanism of host detection by endoparasitoid and ectoparasitoid. The ovipositors of two parasitoids consisted of the first and second valvulae and ended in a pointed tip. There were three types of microtrichia, two types of sensilla chaetica, and one type of sensilla campaniformia on the ovipositors of A. causalis and Q. mendeli. However, Q. mendeli has the fourth type of microtrichia on the ovipositor. The morphology, types, distribution, length, and width of these sensilla and microtrichia were described, and their possible functions are discussed in conjunction with the stinging, oviposition, and the host selection process.

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Effects of organic and conventional fertilizer treatments on host selection by the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae

Journal of Applied Entomology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01667.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 136 (6) ◽

pp. 445-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

T. W. Pope ◽

R. D. Girling ◽

J. T. Staley ◽

B. Trigodet ◽

D. J. Wright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Selection ◽

Diaeretiella Rapae ◽

Aphid Parasitoid

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The influence of male dominance in female Anastrepha curvicauda mate selection

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85823-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nancy Natividad Salmerón-Muñiz ◽

René Arzuffi ◽

Norma Robledo-Quintos ◽

Alfredo Jiménez-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Mating Behavior ◽

Host Selection ◽

Mate Selection ◽

Agonistic Behavior ◽

Selection Process ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Choice Experiments ◽

Male Dominance ◽

Rival Male

AbstractMales of the papaya fruit fly, Anastrepha curvicauda Gerstaecker (former Toxotrypana curvicauda), defend a papaya fruit from rivals and males release their sex pheromone to attract and mate with females and offer them an oviposition site. While some aspects of the biology of A. curvicauda are known, such as its reproductive biology, its sex pheromone, and host selection, there is currently no information on the species mate selection process. This paper describes the precopulatory mating behavior of A. curvicauda and elucidates how intrasexual selection affects the mate selection process. We studied the precopulatory mating behavior of dominant and subordinate males and ethograms were devised. The effect of hierarchy was studied in non-choice and choice experiments. Male’s repertoire includes 15 behavioral elements, 12 precopulatory, one mating, and two postcopulatory (tandem and encounter). In non-choice experiments, dominant and subordinate males were accepted by females, but when females had the opportunity to choose among males, dominant males were significantly preferred over subordinate ones. The presence of a rival male modified the courting behavior of males and agonistic behavior among males was observed before and during mating.

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Essential Oil Compounds for Thrips Control – a Review

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300726 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Elisabeth H. Koschier

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Host Selection ◽

Selection Process ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Pest Species ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Compounds

This review covers aspects of putting essential oil compounds to use either as allelochemicals that manipulate the host selection process of Thysanopteran pest species or as botanical insecticides that kill these pests. Thysanoptera (thrips) make an especially interesting case study in this field, because their increasing economic impact puts some urgency on the development of novel control strategies, especially strategies that incorporate natural compounds. Known facts about the host selection behaviour of thrips are briefly summarized, and methods for the evaluation of thrips responses to volatile and non-volatile plant compounds are outlined. Recent results on the search for attractive and repellent volatiles and for feeding and/or oviposition deterrent essential oil compounds are listed in detail and their potential for use in control strategies against thrips pests is discussed. An overview of plant essential oils used either for insecticidal spraying treatments of crops or for fumigation of crops in greenhouses or fumigation chambers completes the picture of bioactivities. Finally, an outlook on the perspectives for future control strategies against thrips pests is given, including thoughts on the direction of further research needed to fully evaluate the thrips control potential of plant essential oils.

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Sense organs on the ovipositor of Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): their probable role in stinging, oviposition and host selection process

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology ◽

10.1016/j.aspen.2013.04.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 343-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tofael Ahmed ◽

Tian-tao Zhang ◽

Kang-lai He ◽

Shu-xiong Bai ◽

Zhen-ying Wang

Keyword(s):

Host Selection ◽

Selection Process ◽

Sense Organs ◽

Probable Role

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DEVELOPMENTAL TIME AND HOST SELECTION BY THE APHID PARASITOID APHELINUS SP. NR. VARIPES (FOERSTER) (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent124565-4 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 565-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S.E. Lajeunesse ◽

G.D. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Host Selection ◽

Native Species ◽

Head Capsule ◽

Russian Wheat Aphid ◽

Primary Host ◽

Aphid Parasitoid ◽

Developmental Threshold ◽

Head Capsule Width ◽

Corn Leaf Aphid ◽

Lower Developmental Threshold

AbstractDevelopmental rates, lower developmental threshold, host selection among three species of aphid, and head capsule width were determined for the parasitoid Aphelinus sp. nr. varipes (Foerster) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Aphid species used were Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), western wheat aphid, Diuraphis tritici (Gillette), and corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch. Developmental rate was determined at five constant temperatures, 11.3, 14.7, 19.0, 25.7, and 30.3°C. Developmental times of the wasp were similar in Russian and western wheal aphids, ranging from 88.7 days al 11,3°C to 11.3 days at 30.3°C. Lower developmental threshold was similar in both species, 9.7°C in Russian wheat aphid and 9.4°C in western wheat aphid. Because of the low number of corn leaf aphid s parasitized, it was not possible to compute a parasitoid development threshold in that host. In the host selection test, there were no significant differences in numbers of Russian and western wheat aphids attacked; corn leaf aphid was seldom attacked. The western wheat aphid is a native species that also causes leaf-rolling; we believe it was the primary host of the parasitoid before the arrival of the Russian wheat aphid. Wasps emerging from Russian wheat aphid were consistently larger than those emerging from western wheat aphid. Mean head capsule width for 30 female wasps from Russian wheat aphid was 0.33 mm; from 30 female wasps from western wheat aphid mean head capsule width was 0.20 mm.

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Host recognition and acceptance behaviour in two aphid parasitoid species: Aphidius ervi and Aphidius microlophii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300032235 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

F. Pennacchio ◽

M.C. Digilio ◽

E. Tremblay ◽

A. Tranfaglia

Keyword(s):

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Selection Process ◽

Host Choice ◽

Aphid Species ◽

Host Recognition ◽

Aphidius Ervi ◽

Aphid Parasitoid ◽

Host Aphid ◽

Close Range

AbstractThe host preference and acceptance behaviour of populations of Aphidius ervi Haliday and A. microlophii Pennacchio & Tremblay from southern Italy was investigated. In no host-choice conditions, A. ervi females showed significantly higher attack and oviposition rates on the natural host Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) than on the non-host aphid Microlophium carnosum (Buckton)(Homoptera: Aphididae). In contrast, A. microlophii, which specifically parasitizes M. carnosum in the field, attacked both aphid species. However, dissections showed that oviposition of A. microlophii occurred only in a few of the attacked Acyrthosiphon pisum and was significantly less frequent than in M. carnosum. These results were confirmed in experimental host-choice conditions, suggesting that Aphidius microlophii oviposition is possibly regulated by a host haemolymphatic kairomone. Hybrids obtained by crossing A. ervi females with A. microlophii males attacked and oviposited in both aphid species, suggesting that these behavioural events have a strong genetic basis. The oviposition into host or non-host aphids did not elicit an immune defence reaction. The presence of the host's food-plant had no evident close-range effects on parasitoid attack and oviposition in non-host aphids. Aphidius microlophii reared on the non-host aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum produced a significant higher number of mummies after a few generations, suggesting a possible role of larval and early adult conditioning in the host selection process. These results, together with those from previous studies, suggest that Aphidius ervi is best considered as a complex of differentiated populations, characterized by a varying degree of genetic divergence.

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