Systematic review finds that study data not published in full text articles have unclear impact on meta-analyses results in medical research

The number of people with cancer and the need for palliative care among this population is increasing in the United States. Despite this growing need, several barriers exist to the utilization of palliative care in oncology. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the barriers to palliative care utilization in an oncology population. A systematic review of literature was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, and Psych Info databases were used for the literature search. Articles were included if they: 1) focused on cancer, (2) examined and discussed barriers to palliative care, and c) were peer reviewed, published in English, and had an accessible full text. A total of 29 studies (8 quantitative, 18 qualitative, and 3 mixed-methods) were identified and synthesized for this review. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 10 participants to 313 participants. The barriers to palliative care were categorized into barriers related to the patient and family, b) barriers related to providers, and c) barriers related to the healthcare system or policy. The factors identified in this review provide guidance for intervention development to mitigate the existing barriers and facilitate the use palliative care in individuals with cancer.

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How defensive medicine is defined and understood in European medical literature: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. e034300

Author(s):

Nathalie Baungaard ◽

Pia Skovvang ◽

Elisabeth Assing Hvidt ◽

Helle Gerbild ◽

Merethe Kirstine Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Medical Research ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Research Literature ◽

Defensive Medicine ◽

Primary Data ◽

The Us ◽

Registration Number ◽

The Usa ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionThe term defensive medicine, referring to actions motivated primarily by litigious concerns, originates from the USA and has been used in medical research literature since the late 1960s. Differences in medical legal systems between the US and most European countries with no tort legislation raise the question whether the US definition of defensive medicine holds true in Europe.AimTo present the protocol of a systematic review investigating variations in definitions and understandings of the term ‘defensive medicine’ in European research articles.Methods and analysisIn concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review of all medical research literature that investigate defensive medicine will be performed by two independent reviewers. The databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane will be systematically searched on the basis of predetermined criteria. Data from all included European studies will systematically be extracted including the studies’ definitions and understandings of defensive medicine, especially the motives for doing medical actions that the study regards as ‘defensive’.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics clearance is required as no primary data will be collected. The results of the systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed, international journal.PROSPERO registration numberThis review has been submitted to International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and is awaiting registration.

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A Systematic Review of Child to Parent Violence Interventions

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/15248380211053618 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152483802110536

Author(s):

Chye Toole-Anstey ◽

Lynne Keevers ◽

Michelle L Townsend

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Full Text ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Screening Process ◽

Conceptual Clarity ◽

Research Questions ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Two Stages ◽

Design And Methods

Objective: To identify, appraise and synthesize research on the interventions used in child to parent violence. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using the electronic databases of PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL Full Text. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, three authors conducted the screening process which was implemented in two stages including screening the title and abstract, followed by screening the full text. Papers were assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool. The search identified 727 studies which met the inclusion criteria, deduplication resulted in 525 number for review, with 8 articles included in the review. Results: This review identifies six themes from the six unique interventions included to address the research questions: How do practitioners effectively support families experiencing child-to-parent violence? The six themes are: Conceptualising the violence; Assessment of needs and risks; Intervention types and settings; Program techniques and components of interventions; Intervention outcomes and effectiveness; and Research design and methods. Three narratives were iteratively developed from these themes which highlight the main findings of the review: importance of the practitioner and their skills; conceptual clarity of CPV; and CPV interventions. Conclusions: The findings from this systematic review identifies the need for further research into child to parent violence including what makes interventions effective, what needs and outcomes the interventions are addressing, and the implications of classifications of this violence.

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Psychometric Properties of Preference-Based Measures for Economic Evaluation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

Neurology Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6681554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Nicole Peters ◽

Vanina Dal Bello-Haas ◽

Tara Packham ◽

Ava Mehdipour ◽

Ayse Kuspinar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Full Text ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Well Being ◽

Global Scale ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Objective. The aim of this review was to synthesize the psychometric properties of generic preference-based measures (PBMs) of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Methods. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Four databases were searched from inception to April 2019: OVID Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Studies were included if (1) the sample represented individuals with ALS, (2) a generic PBM was utilized and reported on, and (3) information on the psychometric property of a generic PBM was provided. Results. Ninety-one articles were screened, and 39 full-text articles were reviewed. Seven full-text articles were included in this review. The mean age of participants ranged from 58.1 to 63.8 years, and mean time since diagnosis ranged from 20.5 to 44.6 months. Two generic PBMs were found, the EQ-5D-3L (n = 6) and the Quality of Well-Being Self-Administered (QWB-SA) scale (n = 1). Convergent validity of the EQ-5D-3L was large against a global scale of self-perceived health (r = 0.60) and small to large against ALS specific HRQL measures (r = 0.19 to 0.75). For the QWB-SA scale, correlations were small against a generic measure (r = 0.21) and large against ALS specific measures (r = 0.55). The EQ-5D-3L discriminated across different disease severity; however, floor effects were reported. Conclusion. This review highlights the need for more rigorously designed studies to assess the psychometric properties of generic PBMs in ALS and the development of an ALS specific PBM that adequately reflects the health concerns of individuals with ALS.

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Deep learning-based facial image analysis in medical research: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e047549

Author(s):

Zhaohui Su ◽

Bin Liang ◽

Feng Shi ◽

J Gelfond ◽

Sabina Šegalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Image Analysis ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Medical Research ◽

Facial Image ◽

Manual Search ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Facial Image Analysis

IntroductionDeep learning techniques are gaining momentum in medical research. Evidence shows that deep learning has advantages over humans in image identification and classification, such as facial image analysis in detecting people’s medical conditions. While positive findings are available, little is known about the state-of-the-art of deep learning-based facial image analysis in the medical context. For the consideration of patients’ welfare and the development of the practice, a timely understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by research on deep-learning-based facial image analysis is needed. To address this gap, we aim to conduct a systematic review to identify the characteristics and effects of deep learning-based facial image analysis in medical research. Insights gained from this systematic review will provide a much-needed understanding of the characteristics, challenges, as well as opportunities in deep learning-based facial image analysis applied in the contexts of disease detection, diagnosis and prognosis.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, IEEEXplore and Scopus will be searched for relevant studies published in English in September, 2021. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles will be screened to identify eligible articles. A manual search of the reference lists of the included articles will also be conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework was adopted to guide the systematic review process. Two reviewers will independently examine the citations and select studies for inclusion. Discrepancies will be resolved by group discussions till a consensus is reached. Data will be extracted based on the research objective and selection criteria adopted in this study.Ethics and disseminationAs the study is a protocol for a systematic review, ethical approval is not required. The study findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020196473.

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Effect of Fasting and Postprandial Blood Samples in Results of Thyroid Function Tests Among Euthyroid People and Patients with Thyroid Problems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S53-S53

Author(s):

S A Almuhaidib

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Serum Sample ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Full Text ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Function Tests ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Introduction/Objective Thyroid disorders are considered to have a significant global health impact, affecting around 200 million people, and about 5% of all populations are diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Thyroid problems are mainly diagnosed by the laboratory’s thyroid function tests (TSH, FT4, and FT3), and currently, there is no special guideline for a preferred sample to test the thyroid functions. Aim To investigate whether using a fasting serum sample or postprandial serum sample could affect the results of the thyroid function tests in both euthyroid people and patients with thyroid problems. Methods/Case Report • A systematic search was done on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and manual searches with cross-referencing. • PECOS framework was used for developing the research question. • PRISMA guidelines used for the methodology. • Two meta-analyses for TSH and FT4 were done based on the participant’s thyroid status, and one meta-analysis done for the FT3 for all. • Statistical analyses were done using Revman5 software. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) • Ten full-text studies and three abstracts were included for the systematic review, and for meta-analysis, nine full-text studies and two abstracts. • Based on the Cochrane rule of thumbs of the effect size interpretations, the meta-analyses result showed a statistically significant moderate effect for TSH mean differences; Mean of fasting blood sample > mean of the postprandial sample. • TSH effect for euthyroid people based on results of 9 studies from 641 participants (MD, 0.58; Fixed, 95% CI: [0.44 to 0.73], p. <.00001). • TSH results for all based on results of 11 studies from 921 participants (SMD, 0.46; Random, 95% CI: [0.31 to 0.61], p. <.00001). • No statistically significant effect for FT4 and FT3 mean differences results. • Publication bias is suggested for TSH and FT3 results due to the asymmetrical appearance, but not for FT4. Conclusion • In conclusion, the use of fasting blood samples would have a significantly higher TSH result value compared to the postprandial blood samples. Hence, it may help introduce a new guideline to standardize the blood sampling status for the TSH test screening and diagnosis. Alternatively, different reference ranges depending on the sampling status might be suggested, which might help promote the patients’ quality of life and reduce healthcare costs.

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Penerapan Video Pembelajaran dapat Meningkatkan Keterampilan Klinis dalam Pendidikan Keperawatan: A Literature Review

JURNAL PENDIDIKAN KEPERAWATAN INDONESIA ◽

10.17509/jpki.v5i1.15128 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Indah Permata Sari ◽

Sri Sundari

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Literature Review ◽

Full Text ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Clinical Skill ◽

Nurse Education ◽

Video Application ◽

The Right ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Nursing Clinical

ABSTRAKPerkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam dunia pendidikan. Pendidikan keperawatan saat ini dituntut harus memiliki standar metode pembelajaran yang tepat supaya dapat diterima untuk peningkatan keterampilan klinis, pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran, merangsang minat belajar secara mandiri, dan membantu tenaga pengajar dalam mencapai efektifitas pembelajaran. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk melihat penerapan video pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan keterampilan klinis mahasiswa dalam pendidikan keperawatan. Metode yang digunakan dengan menganalisis beberapa tulisan artikel full text berbahasa inggris dengan rentang 2008-2018. Database yang digunakan adalah PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect, dengan kata kunci “learning video in nursing”, “teaching and learning for nursing”, “clinical skills in nursing”, dan “nurse education”. Artikel diseleksi menggunakan systematic review dengan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) dan didapatkan sebanyak 25 artikel. Literature review menemukan 4 aspek penting penerapan video pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan keterampilan klinis mahasiswa diantaranya (1) meningkatkan efektifitas pembelajaran; (2) lebih efisien dibandingkan metode konvensional; (3) pola penerapan video yang tepat dapat menigkatkan keterampilan klinis mahasiswa; dan (4) kualitas atau durasi video yang baik akan mempengaruhi pemahaman dan ketrampilan. Pembahasan literature review ini berkaitan dengan video pembelajaran lebih efektif dalam mempresentasikan materi ajar dan mentranformasi ilmu kepada mahasiswa. Selain itu, penerapan video pembelajaran juga berdampak positif dalam meningkatnya aktivitas dan motivasi belajar mahasiswa terutama dalam peningkatan keterampilan klinis dalam pendidikan keperawatan.ABSTRACTThe development of information technology and communication can give a positive effect on education word. The learning for nursing today is required must have the right standard of learning method so it can be received for improving the student's clinical skill, the achievement of learning goals, stimulating interest in learning by self effectivity. The literature review has a purpose to see the learning video application, can improve the student's clinical skill in teaching for nursing. The method is used by analyzing some articles full text in English by range 2008-2018. The database is used namely PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. By keynote "learning video in nursing, teaching and learning too nursing, clinical skill of nursing and nurse education. The articles which found is selected by using systematic review with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) and has got 25 articles. Literature review which finds 4 important aspects in application learning video, can improve the student's clinical skill, among of them (1) improve the learning effectivity, (2) more efficiency compared with conventional method, (3) the pattern of the right video application can improve the clinical skill of students and (4) the quality or duration of the good video. The discussion of literature review according to learning video more effective in presenting the teaching material and transform knowledge into the student. Beside of that the application learning video has positive effects in improving activity and studying motivation for the student especially in improving clinical skill in learning for nursing.

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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Immunomodulator and Biologic Therapies for Treatment of Chronic Pouchitis

10.1101/2021.01.19.21250059 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emi Khoo ◽

Andrew Lee ◽

Teresa Neeman ◽

Yoon-Kyo An ◽

Jakob Begun

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Safety Profile ◽

Full Text ◽

Remission Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Clinical Response Rate ◽

Primary Therapy ◽

Biologic Therapies ◽

Remission Rates ◽

Meta Analyses

SummaryBackgroundPouchitis is a common complication after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Although antibiotics are the primary therapy for acute pouchitis, a proportion of patients developed chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis (CADP) or antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (CARP). The efficacy of second line immunomodulator and biologic therapies for chronic pouchitis remain undefined. We performed a systematic review and metanalysis of published studies to assess their efficacy.MethodThe online EMBASE database was searched for full-text articles describing the treatment of chronic pouchitis meeting our criteria. Post-induction clinical and endoscopic response and remission rates were extracted and combined for meta-analyses. The rate of treatment discontinuation and safety profiles were also assessed.ResultsA total of 21 full-text articles were included in this meta-analysis representing 491 patients. The overall clinical response rate was 49% with clinical remission rate of 34%. The overall endoscopic response and remission rates were 53% and 36% respectively. The safety profile of individual agents was reassuring, but vedolizumab appears to have a more favorable safety profile.ConclusionThis review and meta-analysis identified the effectiveness of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in achieving clinical and endoscopic response in chronic pouchitis, with a reassuring safety profile. There is limited data regarding use of immunomodulators and no conclusion can be drawn. Further studies are required to define the comparative effectiveness of available treatments of CADP or CARP.

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Association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies

10.21203/rs.2.19278/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Monika Shrestha ◽

Ashley Ng ◽

Amal Al-Ghareeb ◽

Fatimah Alenazi ◽

Richard Gray

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Full Text ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Self Care ◽

Included Study ◽

Subthreshold Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Self-care behaviours in people living with type 2 diabetes are important to achieving optimal glycemic control. Major depression in type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased adherence to self-care behaviours. The association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours, however, has not previously been systematically reviewed. The objective of this review is to determine the association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours. Methods A systematic search was performed in five electronic databases that included MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Emcare, and CINAHL. Any observational studies in adults with type 2 diabetes, investigating the association between subthreshold depression and any self-care behaviours were included in the review. Qualitative studies, review articles and grey literatures were excluded. Two reviewers independently completed title and abstract and full-text screening, appraised study quality, and extracted the data. A third reviewer resolved any discrepancies between the reviewers if needed. Included articles were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta-analyses were not conducted, because criteria for conducting such analyses were not met. Results A total of 6,408 articles were identified through the database searching. After the abstract and full-text review, two articles met the inclusion criteria. One of the included study was cross-sectional while the other was a longitudinal study. The two studies showed inconsistent findings on the association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours. Important risks of bias were identified in both the included studies. Discussion The evidence from the two included studies on a possible association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours in adults with type 2 diabetes was not consistent and potentially biased. Our review established a gap in knowledge and suggests that further high-quality studies are needed to examine the association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours in people with type 2 diabetes. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018116373 Keywords: Subthreshold depression, Depression, Self-care behaviour, Self-Management, type 2 diabetes, Systematic Review

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Association between Endoscopist Specialty and Colonoscopy Quality: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-281768/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nauzer Forbes ◽

Matthew Mazurek ◽

Alistair Murray ◽

Yibing Ruan ◽

Robert J Hilsden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

A Priori ◽

Study Data ◽

Related Factors ◽

Withdrawal Time ◽

Adenoma Detection ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Colonoscopy Quality

Abstract Background Colonoscopy is an important modality in the provision of colorectal cancer screening. Though effective and safe, the performance of screening-related colonoscopy is variable in terms of its overall quality, with endoscopist-related factors playing an important role in this variation. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the association between endoscopist specialty and colonoscopy quality and outcomes. Methods A comprehensive electronic search will be carried out to determine the association between endoscopist specialty and colonoscopy quality metrics and/or outcomes in adult patients undergoing colonoscopy. Two abstracters will independently determine study eligibility, assess study quality, and abstract study data. The primary outcome will be the adenoma detection rate (ADR); secondary outcomes will include cecal intubation rate (CIR), withdrawal time (WT), adverse events (AEs) and post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC). Rates of the above metrics and outcomes will also be compared between clinically relevant subgroups determined a priori. DerSimonian and Laird models will be used to perform meta-analyses for each outcome. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored via meta-regression analyses, if possible. Discussion Given the significant established variation in colonoscopy quality, endoscopist-related factors need to be explored. Our meta-analysis will address the important question of whether the specialty of the endoscopist impacts colonoscopy quality and/or outcomes. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO CRD42021226251.

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