scholarly journals Exploring the role of white matter connectivity in cortex maturation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0177466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia L. Friedrichs-Maeder ◽  
Alessandra Griffa ◽  
Juliane Schneider ◽  
Petra Susan Hüppi ◽  
Anita Truttmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

scholarly journals Exploring the laminar connectome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ittai Shamir ◽  
Omri Tomer ◽  
Ronnie Krupnik ◽  
Yaniv Assaf
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Cortical Grey Matter ◽  
Cortical Laminar ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Human Brains

The human connectome is the complete structural description of the network of connections and elements that form the wiring diagram of the brain. Because of the current scarcity of information regarding laminar end points of white matter tracts inside cortical grey matter, tractography remains focused on cortical partitioning into regions, while ignoring radial partitioning into laminar components. To overcome this biased representation of the cortex as a single homogenous unit, we use a recent data-derived model of cortical laminar connectivity, which has been further explored and corroborated in the macaque brain by comparison to published studies. The model integrates multimodal MRI imaging datasets regarding both white matter connectivity and grey matter laminar composition into a laminar-level connectome. In this study we model the laminar connectome of healthy human brains (N=20) and explore them via a set of neurobiologically meaningful complex network measures. Our analysis demonstrates a subdivision of network hubs that appear in the standard connectome into each individual component of the laminar connectome, giving a fresh look into the role of laminar components in cortical connectivity and offering new prospects in the fields of both structural and functional connectivity.

Concordance of Parent-Offspring Cortico-Basal Ganglia White Matter Connectivity: The Role of Parental Depression and Parent-Child Bonding

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. S264
Author(s):  
Eyal Abraham ◽  
Myrna Weissman ◽  
Priya Wickramaratne ◽  
Milenna van Dijk ◽  
Lifang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Parental Depression ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Parent Child

scholarly journals Implication of Contactins in Demyelinating Pathologies

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ilias Kalafatakis ◽  
Maria Savvaki ◽  
Theodora Velona ◽  
Domna Karagogeos
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Myelinated Axon ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Myelinated Axons ◽  
And Function

Demyelinating pathologies comprise of a variety of conditions where either central or peripheral myelin is attacked, resulting in white matter lesions and neurodegeneration. Myelinated axons are organized into molecularly distinct domains, and this segregation is crucial for their proper function. These defined domains are differentially affected at the different stages of demyelination as well as at the lesion and perilesion sites. Among the main players in myelinated axon organization are proteins of the contactin (CNTN) group of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) of cell adhesion molecules, namely Contactin-1 and Contactin-2 (CNTN1, CNTN2). The two contactins perform their functions through intermolecular interactions, which are crucial for myelinated axon integrity and functionality. In this review, we focus on the implication of these two molecules as well as their interactors in demyelinating pathologies in humans. At first, we describe the organization and function of myelinated axons in the central (CNS) and the peripheral (PNS) nervous system, further analyzing the role of CNTN1 and CNTN2 as well as their interactors in myelination. In the last section, studies showing the correlation of the two contactins with demyelinating pathologies are reviewed, highlighting the importance of these recognition molecules in shaping the function of the nervous system in multiple ways.

scholarly journals White matter network damage mediates association between cerebrovascular disease and cognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2199098
Author(s):  
Saima Hilal ◽  
Siwei Liu ◽  
Tien Yin Wong ◽  
Henri Vrooman ◽  
Ching-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Epidemiology Of Dementia ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

To determine whether white matter network disruption mediates the association between MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and cognitive impairment. Participants (n = 253, aged ≥60 years) from the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore study underwent neuropsychological assessments and MRI. CeVD markers were defined as lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), microbleeds, cortical microinfarcts, cortical infarcts and intracranial stenosis (ICS). White matter microstructure damage was measured as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity by tract based spatial statistics from diffusion tensor imaging. Cognitive function was summarized as domain-specific Z-scores. Lacunar counts, WMH volume and ICS were associated with worse performance in executive function, attention, language, verbal and visual memory. These three CeVD markers were also associated with white matter microstructural damage in the projection, commissural, association, and limbic fibers. Path analyses showed that lacunar counts, higher WMH volume and ICS were associated with executive and verbal memory impairment via white matter disruption in commissural fibers whereas impairment in the attention, visual memory and language were mediated through projection fibers. Our study shows that the abnormalities in white matter connectivity may underlie the relationship between CeVD and cognition. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the cause-effect relationship between CeVD, white matter damage and cognition.

scholarly journals The Role of White Matter Disconnection in the Symptoms Relating to the Anarchic Hand Syndrome: A Single Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Valentina Pacella ◽  
Giuseppe Kenneth Ricciardi ◽  
Silvia Bonadiman ◽  
Elisabetta Verzini ◽  
Federica Faraoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Disconnection Syndrome ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The anarchic hand syndrome refers to an inability to control the movements of one’s own hand, which acts as if it has a will of its own. The symptoms may differ depending on whether the brain lesion is anterior, posterior, callosal or subcortical, but the relative classifications are not conclusive. This study investigates the role of white matter disconnections in a patient whose symptoms are inconsistent with the mapping of the lesion site. A repeated neuropsychological investigation was associated with a review of the literature on the topic to identify the frequency of various different symptoms relating to this syndrome. Furthermore, an analysis of the neuroimaging regarding structural connectivity allowed us to investigate the grey matter lesions and white matter disconnections. The results indicated that some of the patient’s symptoms were associated with structures that, although not directly damaged, were dysfunctional due to a disconnection in their networks. This suggests that the anarchic hand may be considered as a disconnection syndrome involving the integration of multiple antero-posterior, insular and interhemispheric networks. In order to comprehend this rare syndrome better, the clinical and neuroimaging data need to be integrated with the clinical reports available in the literature on this topic.

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