Prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and associated factors among HIV positive educators: Findings from the 2015/6 survey of Health of Educators in Public Schools in South Africa

Abstract IntroductionThe unprecedented global increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) death incidences resulted in a joint initiative by the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce NCD-related mortality by 25% by the year 2025. In this study, we ascertained the prevalence of NCDs in South Africa and its associated factors. MethodWe used 5-panel waves secondary datasets conducted by national income dynamic survey (NIDS) from 2008 to 2017 among 64,735 South Africans. We calculated the prevalence of all selected NCDs separately and together for each year at the descriptive level. This was followed by the distribution of selected NCDs across the socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics of the respondents. Finally, we used binary logistic regression to assess NCDs' likelihood by the respondents’ socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals, signifying precision. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05.ResultsWe found that, the prevalence of NCDs in South Africa was highest in the year 2012 (23.8%) and lowest in the year 2015 (15.2%). Over the 10-year period, the NCDs with highest and lowest prevalence were high blood pressure and cancer, respectively. Females [cOR = 1.88, 95% CI=1.79-1.96], smokers [cOR=2.01, 95% CI=1.85-2.19] and those very satisfied with life [cOR=1.10, 95% CI=1.04-1.17] were more likely to have atleast one NCDs. This persisted after adjusting for significant covariates: [aOR = 1.84, 95% CI=1.74-1.94], [aOR=1.49, 95% CI=1.35-1.65] and [aOR = 1.01, 95% CI=0.95-1.09] respectively.ConclusionSouth Africa’s department of health and other health agencies need to strengthen existing policies and develop new interventional frameworks that will deliberately consider various significant factors contributing to the high prevalence of NCDs identified in this study. This will reduce the NCDs prevalence and reduce the morbidity and mortality levels attributable to NCDs in the country.

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The association between a detectable HIV viral load and non-communicable diseases comorbidity in HIV positive adults on antiretroviral therapy in Western Cape, South Africa

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-3956-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. George ◽

N. McGrath ◽

T. Oni

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Viral Load ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Western Cape ◽

Hiv Viral Load ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Hiv Positive Adults

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“Selected Papers from the 2nd Ellisras Longitudinal Study and Other Non-Communicable Diseases Studies International Conference” Special Issue Editorial

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Public Schools ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Prevention Education ◽

Community Influence ◽

Academic Level ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Health Related ◽

Obesity Hypertension

Epidemics of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are presently emerging and on the increase in South Africa. It is increasingly recognized that the occurrence of adult chronic disease are influenced by factors operating from childhood, which are sustained throughout the individual’s life course. Increased risk may start in infancy or even before birth and will continue to be influenced by health related behavior during adulthood. The academic level of people in the community influence the level of their health status. Commitment to the promotion of health through prevention, education, and suitable management is the building block for creating a healthy society. The community must make strides to shift from traditional knowledge and medication, and seek new innovative ways of addressing issues facing the population with regard to obesity, overweight, hypertension health, smoking cessation, alcohol abuse, and low physical activity in line with a healthy living lifestyle. The NCDs pose health problems in South Africa and deserve more attention. Poor control of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, to name just a few, only adds to the current problems. The South African government and the business sector of South Africa should provide safe walking/riding trails in the cities and in rural area to combat emerging NCDs that are killing our community members indiscriminately without considering race, gender, age, and place of residence. Compulsory introduction of physical education lessons to all public schools cannot be over emphasized in the current escalating NCD situation in South Africa.

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The prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11044-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chukwuedozie K. Ajaero ◽

Nicole De Wet-Billings ◽

Chiemezie Atama ◽

Prince Agwu ◽

Eberechukwu J. Eze

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Urban Areas ◽

National Income ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Older Populations

Abstract Background The socioeconomic conditions of different environments manifest in varying experiences of illnesses. Even as migrants do transit across these different environments for various reasons, including settlement, they are bound to have peculiar experiences of diseases, which could be traced to lifestyle, gender, adaptation, and reactions to specific social, economic, psychological and climatic conditions. Paying attention to such unique scenarios, our study examines the prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa. Methods Data was from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), waves 5 of 2017, which comprised of 28,055 respondents aged 15–64 years made up of 22,849 inter-provincial non-migrants and 5206 inter-provincial migrants. A composite dependent/outcome variable of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was generated for the study and data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi Square analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis. Results More migrants (19.81%) than non-migrants (16.69%) reported prevalence of NCDs. With the exception of household size for migrants and smoking for non-migrants, the prevalence of NCDs showed significant differences in all the community, behavioral, and individual variables. The factors in the full model, which significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrants and the non-migrants, were older populations, the non-Blacks, and those with higher education levels. On the one hand, being married, having a household with 4–6 persons, and being residents of urban areas significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrant population. While on the other, living in coastal provinces, being a female, and belonging to the category of those who earn more than 10,000 Rands were significantly associated with increased odds of NCDs among the non-migrants. Conclusions These findings, therefore, among other things underscore the need for increased education and awareness campaigns, especially among the older populations on the preventive and mitigative strategies for NCDs. In addition, changes in lifestyles with regard to smoking and physical exercises should be more emphasized in specific contextual situations for the migrant and non-migrant populations, as highlighted by the results of this study.

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