BOARD COMPOSITION AND CORPORATE CONTRIBUTIONS RELATED TO CORONAVIRUS 2019 DISEASE: A REVIEW

The spread of COVID-19 has led to unexpected impacts on the country. Not only health, but the pandemic also affects the social, educational, and economic aspects which need some attention by the government as well as corporate citizens. As a group of individuals who govern the direction of a company, the board of directors plays an important role in shaping the company's philanthropic policy, especially in the challenging COVID-19 pandemic environment. Through the review of relevant literature, particularly to corporate governance and corporate philanthropy, this article discusses how the diversity of board members can influence decisions on the determination of COVID-19 related corporate contributions. Determining the type and amount of contributions to relevant recipients is crucial, particularly for groups of stakeholders who are really in need. Thus, relevant and diverse backgrounds of board members are able to bring wider perspectives and points of view as well as the understanding of the problems and needs of different stakeholders. Diversity in terms of education, experience, gender, and community influence is believed to bring different contributions in tackling problems posed by COVID-19. The discussion in this article contributes to the enrichment of the corporate philanthropy literature. It also gives the industry a perspective on the composition of the company's board of directors.

THE DETERMINANT FACTORS OF TELEVISION’S AUDIENCE IN CHOOSING TV CHANNEL IN THE DISRUPTIVE ERA

This qualitative research article aims to explain the determinant factors that influence viewers to choose TV's channels in the disruptive era. In the period triggered by the increase of the internet and digital technology, many innovations emerged, potentially disturbing and destroying the old system. Loyalty in the broadcasting industry of the disruptive age is temporary and can change quickly. Viewers effortlessly change their TV channels according to their interests and desires. Therefore, TV managers have to pay attention to various factors on TV's audience to choose TV channels. These determinant factors occupy a prominent position among TV station managers in Indonesia and around the globe as an essential contrive to grab the attention of TV viewers. Primary data was dig using the focus group discussion (FGD) before the Covid-19 pandemic occurred. The authors conducted five FGDs involving 9-12 participants in each FGD. This research found that there are 23 determinant factors influencing audience in choosing TV channels in the disruptive era. The 23 factors are divided into four categories namely, TV program content, audience's purposes, corporate action, and community influence. The conclusion is, from four determinants factors, the range of TV content comprises the most varied category. In contrast, community influence factor occupies the last position with one variation.

OVERVIEW OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE STATE OF ISRAEL

The objective of this paper work is to try to formulate an analysis identifying whether there is an influence on the part of the European Union in the Middle East, specifically in Israel. If we take into account the region in which the state of Israel is located, we will realize that this is a state affected by various conflicts. The State of Israel is an associate member of the European Union and due to the economically strong relations that the European Union has had with Israel over time, we can ask ourselves in which way can the European Community influence this country in other areas as well.

Considerations For The Prevention Of Crimes Against The Sexual Integrity Of Minors

This article provides considerations on the prevention of sexual offenses against minors. The article also covers the activities of the subjects of prevention of crimes against the sexual integrity of minors and provides relevant suggestions and recommendations. In addition, this article analyzes the normative legal acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In addition, this article examines the importance of the family in the prevention of crimes against the sexual integrity and sexual freedom of minors, especially the high incidence of such crimes within the family, which means that important measures need to be developed in this area. This article discusses the registration of unhealthy families and the establishment of constant public control over them, the identification of morally unhealthy parents with various behavioral disorders, their upbringing through community influence, and the behavior of parents whose disorders may adversely affect their minor children. Opinions were expressed on the need for prevention and appropriate recommendations for its prevention.

Is vulnerability to climate change gendered? And how? Insights from Egypt

Most climate change literature tends to downplay the gendered nature of vulnerability. At best, gender is discussed in terms of the male-female binary, seen as opposing forces rather than in varying relations of interdependency. Such construction can result in the adoption of maladaptive culturally unfit gender-blind policy and interventions. In Egypt, which is highly vulnerable to climate change, gender analysis of vulnerability is almost non-existent. This paper addresses this important research gap by asking and drawing on a rural Egyptian context ‘How do the gendered relational aspects of men’s and women’s livelihoods in the household and community influence vulnerability to climate change?’. To answer this question, I draw on gender analysis of social relations, framed within an understanding of sustainable livelihoods. During 16 months of fieldwork, I used multiple ethnographic methods to collect data from two culturally and ethnically diverse low-income villages in Egypt. My main argument is that experiences of climate change are closely intertwined with gender and wider social relations in the household and community. These are shaped by local gendered ideologies and cultures that are embedded in conjugal relations, kinship and relationship to the environment, as compared across the two villages. In this paper, I strongly argue that vulnerability to climate change is highly gendered and therefore gender analysis should be at the heart of climate change discourses, policy and interventions.

Users’ Willingness to Share Health Information in a Social Question-and-Answer Community: Cross-sectional Survey in China

Background Social question-and-answer communities play an increasingly important role in the dissemination of health information. It is important to identify influencing factors of user willingness to share health information to improve public health literacy. Objective This study explored influencing factors of social question-and-answer community users who share health information to provide reference for the construction of a high-quality health information sharing community. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted through snowball sampling of 185 participants who are Zhihu users in China. A structural equation analysis was used to verify the interaction and influence of the strength between variables in the model. Hierarchical regression was also used to test the mediating effect in the model. Results Altruism (β=.264, P<.001), intrinsic reward (β=.260, P=.03), self-efficacy (β=.468, P<.001), and community influence (β=.277, P=.003) had a positive effect on users’ willingness to share health information (WSHI). By contrast, extrinsic reward (β=−0.351, P<.001) had a negative effect. Self-efficacy also had a mediating effect (β=.147, 29.15%, 0.147/0.505) between community influence and WSHI. Conclusions The findings suggest that users’ WSHI is influenced by many factors including altruism, self-efficacy, community influence, and intrinsic reward. Improving the social atmosphere of the platform is an effective method of encouraging users to share health information.

“Selected Papers from the 2nd Ellisras Longitudinal Study and Other Non-Communicable Diseases Studies International Conference” Special Issue Editorial

Epidemics of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are presently emerging and on the increase in South Africa. It is increasingly recognized that the occurrence of adult chronic disease are influenced by factors operating from childhood, which are sustained throughout the individual’s life course. Increased risk may start in infancy or even before birth and will continue to be influenced by health related behavior during adulthood. The academic level of people in the community influence the level of their health status. Commitment to the promotion of health through prevention, education, and suitable management is the building block for creating a healthy society. The community must make strides to shift from traditional knowledge and medication, and seek new innovative ways of addressing issues facing the population with regard to obesity, overweight, hypertension health, smoking cessation, alcohol abuse, and low physical activity in line with a healthy living lifestyle. The NCDs pose health problems in South Africa and deserve more attention. Poor control of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, to name just a few, only adds to the current problems. The South African government and the business sector of South Africa should provide safe walking/riding trails in the cities and in rural area to combat emerging NCDs that are killing our community members indiscriminately without considering race, gender, age, and place of residence. Compulsory introduction of physical education lessons to all public schools cannot be over emphasized in the current escalating NCD situation in South Africa.