Correction: Deconstructing a Species-Complex: Geometric Morphometric and Molecular Analyses Define Species in the Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis)

Xiphinema mazandaranense n. sp. is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to morphospecies group 6, which is characterised by having two equally developed female genital branches that have spines in the uteri and a short, rounded tail. The new species is characterised by having spines in the tubular portion of the uterus, body 3.7-5.2 mm long, odontostyle 163-173 μm long, odontophore 96-100 μm long, body 62-80 μm diam., rounded tail, four juvenile stages, males rare with three ventromedian supplements next to the adcloacal pair and spicules 85 μm long. The polytomous identification codes of the new species are: A4-B3-C7b-D6-E456-F45-G4-H2-I23-J7b-K2-L1. The new species appears closely related to the members of X. pyrenaicum group which are characterised by a rounded tail with or without an inconspicuous projecting bulge and a uterus devoid of Z-differentiation but showing spiniform structures. The new species differs from members of the X. pyrenaicum group, which includes the recently described X. iranicum, by a more rounded tail without any projection. Beside morphological and morphometric data, molecular analyses of the near-full-length small subunit rDNA gene (SSU) placed the new species in close relationship with some species belonging to Xiphinema morphospecies group 6 and further separated this species from the X. pyrenaicum complex.

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Resolving the Tetrastigma loheri s. l. Species Complex (Vitaceae) in the Philippines: No Evidence for Recognizing More than One Species

Systematic Botany ◽

10.1600/036364421x16312067913327 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jasper John A. Obico ◽

Julie F. Barcelona ◽

Vincent Bonhomme ◽

Marie Hale ◽

Pieter B. Pelser

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Species Complex ◽

Species Recognition ◽

Principal Component ◽

The Philippines ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Putative Species ◽

Principal Coordinates ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Vegetative Characters

Tetrastigma loheri (Vitaceae) is a vine species native to Borneo and the Philippines. Because it is a commonly encountered forest species in the Philippines, T. loheri is potentially suitable for studying patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among fragmented forestecosystems in various parts of this country. However, previous research suggests that T. loheri is part of a species complex in the Philippines (i.e. the T. loheri s. l. complex) that potentially also contains Philippine plants identified as T. diepenhorstii, T. philippinense, T. stenophyllum, andT. trifoliolatum. This uncertainty about its taxonomic delimitation can make it challenging to draw conclusions that are relevant to conservation from genetic studies using this species. Here, we tested the hypothesis that T. loheri s. l. is composed of more than one species in the Philippines.For this, we used generalized mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson tree process (PTP) species delimitation models to identify clades within DNA sequence phylogenies of T. loheri s. l. that might constitute species within this complex. Although these methods identified several putative species, these are statistically poorly supported and subsequent random forest analyses using a geometric morphometric leafshape dataset and several other vegetative characters did not result in the identification of characters that can be used to discriminate these putative species morphologically. Furthermore, the results of principal component and principal coordinates analyses of these data suggest the absence of morphological discontinuities within the species complex. Under a unified species concept that uses phylogenetic and morphological distinction as operational criteria for species recognition, we therefore conclude that the currently available data do not support recognizing multiple species in the T. loheri s. l. complex. This implies that T. loheri is best considered as a single, morphologically variable specieswhen used for studying patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity in the Philippines.

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Characterisation of the dimorphic Deladenus beddingi n. sp. and its associated woodwasp and fungus

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003188 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 939-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Erin Morris ◽

S. Patricia Stock ◽

Louela A. Castrillo ◽

David W. Williams ◽

Ann E. Hajek

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Excretory Pore ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Species Complex ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Evolutionary Relationships ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Dimorphic Species ◽

Multilocus Sequencing

Summary A new dimorphic species of Deladenus isolated from Sirex californicus from Washington, USA, is described as D. beddingi n. sp. Evolutionary relationships of the new species with other Deladenus species were assessed using multilocus sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships derived from analyses of mtCO1 and ITS showed D. beddingi n. sp. to be genetically distinct from other North American Deladenus parasitising Sirex. Molecular analyses indicated that D. beddingi n. sp. is a member of the D. siricidicola species complex, which also includes undescribed native Deladenus from Sirex cyaneus and S. nitidus, and D. siricidicola from S. noctilio. Mycophagous adults were characterised by the position of the excretory pore, which was located 32 (22-52) and 48 (38-69) μm anterior to the hemizonid in mycophagous females and males, respectively. Typologically, the new species is most similar to D. siricidicola, D. proximus and D. nitobei, but can be distinguished from these species by several morphometric traits, including the value of ratios a, b, c of the mycophagous females and males, ratio b of the infective females, and the morphology of the tail of the mycophagous females, which is narrow and gradually tapering. This novel nematode species feeds on the fungus Amylostereum chailletii during its mycophagous phase. Experimental results showed very little reproduction by D. beddingi n. sp. when feeding on A. areolatum compared to robust reproduction when feeding on A. chailletii.

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New molecular phylogeny of Lucinidae: increased taxon base with focus on tropical Western Atlantic species (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4196.3.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4196 (3) ◽

pp. 381 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JOHN D. TAYLOR ◽

EMILY A. GLOVER ◽

LISA SMITH ◽

CHIHO IKEBE ◽

SUZANNE T. WILLIAMS

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Species Complex ◽

Single Species ◽

Abundant Species ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Western Atlantic ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

West Pacific ◽

Phylogenetic Framework ◽

A New Species

A new molecular phylogeny of the Lucinidae using 18S and 28S rRNA and cytochrome b genes includes many species from the tropical Western Atlantic as well as additional taxa from the Indo-West Pacific. This study provides a phylogenetic framework for a new taxonomy of tropical Western Atlantic lucinids. The analysis confirmed five major clades—Pegophyseminae, Leucosphaerinae, Myrteinae, Codakiinae and Lucininae, with Monitilorinae and Fimbriinae represented by single species. The Leucosphaerinae are expanded and include Callucina winckworthi and the W. Atlantic Myrtina pristiphora that groups with several Indo-West Pacific Myrtina species. Within the Codakiinae two abundant species of Ctena from the Western Atlantic with similar shells are discriminated as C. orbiculata and C. imbricatula, while in the Indo-West Pacific Ctena bella is a probable species complex. The Lucininae is the most species rich and disparate subfamily with several subclades apparent. Three species of Lucina are recognized in the W. Atlantic L. aurantia, L. pensylvanica and L. roquesana. Pleurolucina groups near to Cavilinga and Lucina, while Lucinisca muricata is more closely related to the E. Pacific L. fenestrata than to the Atlantic L. nassula. A new species of Parvilucina is identified from molecular analyses having been confounded with Parvilucina pectinata but differs in ligament structure. Also, the former Parvilucina clenchi is more distant and assigned to Guyanella.

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Molecular Analyses of Old World Leishmania RAPD Markers and Development of a PCR Assay Selective for Parasites of the L. donovani Species Complex

Experimental Parasitology ◽

10.1006/expr.2001.4617 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 90-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Hanafi ◽

M. Barhoumi ◽

S.B. Ali ◽

I. Guizani

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Old World

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DNA analysis of a non-native lineage of Sinanodonta woodiana species complex (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from Middle Asia supports the Chinese origin of the European invaders

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4462.4.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4462 (4) ◽

pp. 511 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ALEXANDER V. KONDAKOV ◽

DMITRY M. PALATOV ◽

ZAKIR P. RAJABOV ◽

MIKHAIL YU. GOFAROV ◽

EKATERINA S. KONOPLEVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Biological Species ◽

Species Level ◽

Source Population ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Middle Asia ◽

Chinese Origin ◽

Phylogenetic Lineages ◽

Sinanodonta Woodiana

The Sinanodonta woodiana species complex includes several cryptic species-level phylogenetic lineages, the taxonomic placement of which is unclear. Here, we present the results of molecular analyses of a Sinanodonta sample from Middle Asia (Uzbekistan). The COI haplotype of the Uzbekistan lineage is similar to those of invasive Sinanodonta populations from Europe, Russia and Myanmar. We show that the non-native Sinanodonta flocks in Europe and Middle Asia originated from a single source population in China. Our results reveal that the Sinanodonta woodiana species complex comprises at least six distinct biological species: S. cf. gibba (=temperate invasive lineage), S. cf. woodiana (=tropical invasive lineage), S. schrenkii (=S. amurensis), S. ovata, S. jourdyi, and S. lucida, and two phylogenetic lineages with uncertain taxonomic names.

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Wing shape as a potential discriminator of morphologically similar pest taxa within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485311000423 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 103-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

M.K. Schutze ◽

A. Jessup ◽

A.R. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Canonical Variate ◽

Wing Size ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Shape Data

AbstractFour morphologically cryptic species of the Bactrocera dorsalis fruit fly complex (B. dorsalis s.s., B. papayae, B. carambolae and B. philippinensis) are serious agricultural pests. As they are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic techniques, we examined the potential for geometric morphometric analysis of wing size and shape to discriminate between them. Fifteen wing landmarks generated size and shape data for 245 specimens for subsequent comparisons among three geographically distinct samples of each species. Intraspecific wing size was significantly different within samples of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis s.s. but not within samples of B. papayae or B. philippinensis. Although B. papayae had the smallest wings (average centroid size=6.002 mm±0.061 SE) and B. dorsalis s.s. the largest (6.349 mm±0.066 SE), interspecific wing size comparisons were generally non-informative and incapable of discriminating species. Contrary to the wing size data, canonical variate analysis based on wing shape data discriminated all species with a relatively high degree of accuracy; individuals were correctly reassigned to their respective species on average 93.27% of the time. A single sample group of B. carambolae from locality ‘TN Malaysia’ was the only sample to be considerably different from its conspecific groups with regards to both wing size and wing shape. This sample was subsequently deemed to have been originally misidentified and likely represents an undescribed species. We demonstrate that geometric morphometric techniques analysing wing shape represent a promising approach for discriminating between morphologically cryptic taxa of the B. dorsalis species complex.

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The role of cytogenetic variation in Akodon cursor species complex speciation (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)

Heringeriana ◽

10.17648/heringeriana.v14i1.917766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Julio Fernando Vilela ◽

Paulo Sérgio D'Andrea ◽

Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino

Keyword(s):

Pericentric Inversion ◽

Species Complex ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Chromosome Polymorphism ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Supernumerary Chromosomes ◽

Pericentric Inversions ◽

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽

High Genetic Distance

Chromosome polymorphism in populations of Akodon cursor complex (124 specimens) and the karyotypes of other Akodon species (92 specimens) from Brazil were analyzed. Five species were analyzed: Akodon cursor with 2n = 14, and Akodon aff. cursor with 2n = 16, Akodon montensis with 2n = 24, Akodon paranaensis with 2n = 44 and Akodon serrensis with 2n = 46. Chromosome polymorphism was observed in A. cursor and A. aff. cursor showing pericentric inversions, and also in A. paranaensis and A. montensis presenting supernumerary chromosomes. Pericentric inversion polymorphism affecting two autosomes pairs in A. cursor karyotype was found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Akodon with 2n = 16 occurred from Bahia to Rio Grande do Norte states and A. cursor with 2n = 14 from Bahia to Paraná states. Molecular analyses showed high genetic distance estimates between such set of samples, suggesting that karyomorphic type 2n = 16 is fixed in the northern part of the distribution of Akodon cursor complex. Captive hybrids males between Akodon [2n = 14] x [2n = 16] are apparently sterile, suggesting these populations may represent two full species.

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