scholarly journals Low genetic diversity and complexity of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections among febrile patients in low transmission areas in Senegal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0215755
Author(s):  
Rokhaya Sane ◽  
Cheikh Talla ◽  
Babacar Diouf ◽  
Fatoumata Diene Sarr ◽  
Nafissatou Diagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand, a low transmission country

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tepanata Pumpaibool ◽  
Céline Arnathau ◽  
Patrick Durand ◽  
Naowarat Kanchanakhan ◽  
Napaporn Siripoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Low Transmission

scholarly journals Is genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum suggestive of malaria endemic zone in West Africa? An attempt to respond by a cross-sectional comparative study between Senegal and Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Aigbiremo Oboh ◽  
Tolla Ndiaye ◽  
Khadim Diongue ◽  
Yaye D Ndiaye ◽  
Mouhamad Sy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
African Countries ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Infection Types

Background: Characterization of malaria parasite populations in different endemic settings (from low to high) could be helpful for ascertaining the progress of malaria interventions in endemic settings. The present study aims to compare Plasmodium falciparum parasite population structure between two West African countries with very different level of endemicity using P. falciparum allelic polymorphic markers: msp1 and msp2. Methods: Parasite genomic DNA was extracted from 187 dried blood spot collected from confirmed uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria infected patients in Senegal (94) being at the pre-elimination stage in most part of the country and Nigeria (93) which is still at the control stage. Allelic polymorphism of msp1 and msp2 genes were assessed by nested PCR. Results: In Senegal as well as in Nigeria, K1 and IC3D7 allelic families were the most represented for msp1 and msp2 genes respectively. A higher multiplicity of infection (MOI) was found in both study sites in Senegal (Thies:1.51/2.53; Kedougou:2.2/2.0 for msp 1/2) than from sites in Nigeria (Gbagada: 1.39/1.96; Oredo: 1.35/1.75]). The heterozygosity of msp 1 gene was higher in P. falciparum isolates from Senegal (Thies: 0.62; Kedougou: 0.53) than isolates from Nigeria (Gbagada: 0.55; Oredo: 0.50). In Senegal, K1 alleles were associated with heavy (28) than with moderate (18) infections, in Nigeria however, equal proportions of K1 were observed in both infection types. The IC3D7 subtype allele of the msp 2 family showed high occurrence in heavily infected individuals from both countries (Senegal- 32; Nigeria- 26) than in the moderately infected participants. Conclusion: With the unusual high genetic diversity obtained in low endemic setting in Senegal and low genetic diversity in a high endemic Nigerian setting, multiple holistic approach should be employed in evaluating the actual transmission of a place in order to effectively direct control measures.

scholarly journals Evidence of a Recent Bottleneck in Plasmodium falciparum Populations on the Honduran–Nicaraguan Border

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Alejandra Pinto ◽  
Osman Archaga ◽  
Ángel Mejía ◽  
Lenin Escober ◽  
Jessica Henríquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Central America ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Bottleneck Effect ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Recent Bottleneck

The countries of Central America and the island of Hispaniola have set the goal of eliminating malaria in less than a decade. Although efforts to reduce the malaria burden in the region have been successful, there has been an alarming increase in cases in the Nicaraguan Moskitia since 2014. The continuous decrease in cases between 2000 and 2014, followed by a rapid expansion from 2015 to the present, has generated a potential bottleneck effect in the populations of Plasmodium spp. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of P. falciparum and the decrease in allelic richness in this population. The polymorphic regions of the pfmsp-1 and pfmsp-2 genes of patients with falciparum malaria from Honduras and Nicaragua were analyzed using nested PCR and sequencing. Most of the samples were classified into the K1 allelic subfamily of the pfmsp-1 gene and into the 3D7 subfamily of the pfmsp-2 gene. Despite the low genetic diversity found, more than half of the samples presented a polyclonal K1/RO33 haplotype. No sequence polymorphisms were found within each allelic subfamily. This study describes a notable decrease in the genetic diversity of P. falciparum in the Moskitia region after a bottleneck phenomenon. These results will be useful for future epidemiological investigations and the monitoring of malaria transmission in Central America.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Analysis of Surface-Related Antigen (SRA) in Plasmodium falciparum Imported From Africa to China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Qin-Wen Xu ◽  
Yi-Fan Sun ◽  
Sui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Neutrality Tests ◽  
Unique Amino Acid

Plasmodium falciparum surface-related antigen (SRA) is located on the surfaces of gametocyte and merozoite and has the structural and functional characteristics of potential targets for multistage vaccine development. However, little information is available regarding the genetic polymorphism of pfsra. To determine the extent of genetic variation about P. falciparum by characterizing the sra sequence, 74 P. falciparum samples were collected from migrant workers who returned to China from 12 countries of Africa between 2015 and 2019. The full length of the sra gene was amplified and sequenced. The average pairwise nucleotide diversities (π) of P. falciparum sra gene was 0.00132, and the haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.770. The average number of nucleotide differences (k) for pfsra was 3.049. The ratio of non-synonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitutions across sites (dN/dS) was 1.365. Amino acid substitutions of P. falciparum SRA could be categorized into 35 unique amino acid variants. Neutrality tests showed that the polymorphism of PfSRA was maintained by positive diversifying selection, which indicated its role as a potential target of protective immune responses and a vaccine candidate. Overall, the ability of the N-terminal of PfSRA antibodies to evoke inhibition of merozoite invasion of erythrocytes and conserved amino acid at low genetic diversity suggest that the N-terminal of PfSRA could be evaluated as a vaccine candidate against P. falciparum infection.

scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum Genetic Diversity Maintained and Amplified Over 5 Years of a Low Transmission Endemic in the Peruvian Amazon

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1973-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. Branch ◽  
P. L. Sutton ◽  
C. Barnes ◽  
J. C. Castro ◽  
J. Hussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Low Transmission

The Response to Past Climate Perturbations Explains Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Genome of an Abundant Ice-Age Remnant, the Alpine Marmot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni I. Gossmann​ ◽  
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram​ ◽  
Stefan Börno ◽  
Ludovic Duvaux ◽  
Christophe Lemaire​ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Alpine Marmot

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in Nigeria: insights from microsatellite loci analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fehintola V. Ajogbasile ◽  
Adeyemi T. Kayode ◽  
Paul E. Oluniyi ◽  
Kazeem O. Akano ◽  
Jessica N. Uwanibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Abstract Background Malaria remains a public health burden especially in Nigeria. To develop new malaria control and elimination strategies or refine existing ones, understanding parasite population diversity and transmission patterns is crucial. Methods In this study, characterization of the parasite diversity and structure of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 633 dried blood spot samples in Nigeria was carried out using 12 microsatellite loci of P. falciparum. These microsatellite loci were amplified via semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragments were analysed using population genetic tools. Results Estimates of parasite genetic diversity, such as mean number of different alleles (13.52), effective alleles (7.13), allelic richness (11.15) and expected heterozygosity (0.804), were high. Overall linkage disequilibrium was weak (0.006, P < 0.001). Parasite population structure was low (Fst: 0.008–0.105, AMOVA: 0.039). Conclusion The high level of parasite genetic diversity and low population structuring in this study suggests that parasite populations circulating in Nigeria are homogenous. However, higher resolution methods, such as the 24 SNP barcode and whole genome sequencing, may capture more specific parasite genetic signatures circulating in the country. The results obtained can be used as a baseline for parasite genetic diversity and structure, aiding in the formulation of appropriate therapeutic and control strategies in Nigeria.

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