Deep-sea amphipods around cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts: Taxonomic diversity and selection of candidate species for connectivity analysis

AbstractAnimals endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents often form obligatory relationships with bacterial symbionts, maintained by intricate host-symbiont interactions. Endosymbiosis with more than one symbiont is uncommon, and most genomic studies focusing on such ‘dual symbiosis’ systems have not investigated the host and the symbionts to a similar depth simultaneously. Here, we report a novel dual symbiosis among the peltospirid snail Gigantopelta aegis and its two Gammaproteobacteria endosymbionts – one being a sulphur oxidiser and the other a methane oxidiser. We assembled high-quality genomes for all three parties of this holobiont, with a chromosome-level assembly for the snail host (1.15 Gb, N50 = 82 Mb, 15 pseudo-chromosomes). In-depth analyses of these genomes reveal an intimate mutualistic relationship with complementarity in nutrition and metabolic codependency, resulting in a system highly versatile in transportation and utilisation of chemical energy. Moreover, G. aegis has an enhanced immune capability that likely facilitates the possession of more than one type of symbiont. Comparisons with Chrysomallon squamiferum, another chemosymbiotic snail in the same family but only with one sulphur-oxidising endosymbiont, show that the two snails’ sulphur-oxidising endosymbionts are phylogenetically distant, agreeing with previous results that the two snails have evolved endosymbiosis independently and convergently. Notably, the same capabilities of biosynthesis of specific nutrition lacking in the host genome are shared by the two sulphur-oxidising endosymbionts of the two snail genera, which may be a key criterion in the selection of symbionts by the hosts.

Download Full-text

Phosphorus burial in the ocean over glacial-interglacial time scales

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-6-501-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 501-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

F. Tamburini ◽

K. B. Föllmi

Keyword(s):

Primary Productivity ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Interglacial Period ◽

Accumulation Rates ◽

The World ◽

Mass Accumulation Rates ◽

Mass Accumulation ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Last Glacial

Abstract. The role of nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), and their impact on primary productivity and the fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 over glacial-interglacial periods are intensely debated. Suggestions as to the importance of P evolved from an earlier proposal that P actively participated in changing productivity rates and therefore climate change, to most recent ones that changes in the glacial ocean inventory of phosphorus were important but not influential if compared to other macronutrients, such as nitrate. Using new data coming from a selection of ODP sites, we analyzed the distribution of oceanic P sedimentary phases and calculate reactive P burial fluxes, and we show how P burial fluxes changed over the last glacial-interglacial period at these sites. Concentrations of reactive P are generally lower during glacial times, while mass accumulation rates (MAR) of reactive P show higher variability. If we extrapolate for the analyzed sites, we may assume that in general glacial burial fluxes of reactive P are lower than those during interglacial periods by about 8%, because the lack of burial of reactive P on the glacial shelf reduced in size, was apparently not compensated by burial in other regions of the ocean. Using the calculated changes in P burial, we evaluate their possible impact on the phosphate inventory in the world oceans. Using a simple mathematical approach, we find that these changes alone could have increased the phosphate inventory of glacial ocean waters by 17–40% compared to interglacial stages. Variations in the distribution of sedimentary P phases at the investigated sites seem to indicate that at the onset of interglacial stages, shallower sites experienced an increase in reactive P concentrations, which seems to point to P-richer waters at glacial terminations. All these findings would support the Shelf-Nutrient Hypothesis, which assumes that during glacial low stands nutrients are transferred from shallow sites to deep sea with possible feedback on the carbon cycle.

Download Full-text

Biology of Squat Lobsters

10.1071/9780643104341 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

Continental Margins ◽

Red Tides ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Current State ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Taxonomic Research ◽

Squat Lobsters ◽

Selection Of

Squat lobsters of the superfamilies Chirostyloidea and Galatheoidea are highly visible crustaceans on seamounts, continental margins, shelf environments, hydrothermal vents and coral reefs. About 1000 species are known. They frequently feature in deep-sea images taken by submersibles and are caught in large numbers by benthic dredges. Some species are so locally abundant that they form ‘red tides’. Others support a variety of important fisheries. The taxonomy of squat lobsters has been intensively studied over the past few decades, making them one of the best known deepwater crustacean groups. As a result, they have attracted the attention of deep-sea ecologists who use them as proxies to test hypotheses about deepwater ecological processes and biogeography. Interest in squat lobsters now extends much more widely than the taxonomic research community and this work is a timely synthesis of what is known about these animals. The Biology of Squat Lobsters provides keys for identification and reviews the current state of knowledge of the taxonomy, evolution, life history, distribution, ecology and fisheries of squat lobsters. A striking feature of squat lobsters is their vivid coloration, which is revealed in a selection of spectacular images of different species. 2012 Whitley Award Commendation for Invertebrate Natural History.

Download Full-text

Limitations in decision context for selection of amazonian armoured catfish acari-bod (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) as candidate species for aquaculture

International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture ◽

10.5897/ijfa15.0480 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 142-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tonissi Moroni Faacute bio ◽

Cesar Ortega Antocirc nio ◽

Borges Moroni Raquel ◽

Mayag Brice ◽

Souza de Jesus Rogeacute rio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Context ◽

Candidate Species ◽

Armoured Catfish ◽

Selection Of

Download Full-text

Selection of sample intervals in deep-sea sedimentary cores

Geology ◽

10.1130/0091-7613(1976)4<303:sosiid>2.0.co;2 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 303 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael T. Ledbetter ◽

B. B. Ellwood

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Selection Of

Download Full-text

Fatigue Crack Propagation Properties of Cathode Potential Charged Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Seawater-1st Report: Study on Materials Selection of Marine Riser for Deep Sea

Marine Engineering ◽

10.5988/jime.41.2_291 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 291-296

Author(s):

Toshio Niwa ◽

Yoshihisa Tanaka ◽

Ichihiko Takahashi ◽

Kenkichi Tamura

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Crack ◽

Crack Propagation ◽

Fatigue Crack Propagation ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Cathode Potential ◽

Marine Riser ◽

Materials Selection ◽

Propagation Properties ◽

Selection Of

Download Full-text

Benchmarking Taxonomic and Genetic Diversity After the Fact: Lessons Learned From the Catastrophic 2019–2020 Australian Bushfires

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.645820 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Renee A. Catullo ◽

Rhiannon Schembri ◽

Leonardo Gonçalves Tedeschi ◽

Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽

Leo Joseph ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Open Data ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Candidate Species ◽

Fit For Purpose ◽

Conservation Assessments ◽

Taxonomic Groups ◽

Collection Strategies

Environmental catastrophes are increasing in frequency and severity under climate change, and they substantially impact biodiversity. Recovery actions after catastrophes depend on prior benchmarking of biodiversity and that in turn minimally requires critical assessment of taxonomy and species-level diversity. Long-term recovery of species also requires an understanding of within-species diversity. Australia’s 2019–2020 bushfires were unprecedented in their extent and severity and impacted large portions of habitats that are not adapted to fire. Assessments of the fires’ impacts on vertebrates identified 114 species that were a high priority for management. In response, we compiled explicit information on taxonomic diversity and genetic diversity within fire-impacted vertebrates to provide to government agencies undertaking rapid conservation assessments. Here we discuss what we learned from our effort to benchmark pre-fire taxonomic and genetic diversity after the event. We identified a significant number of candidate species (genetic units that may be undescribed species), particularly in frogs and mammals. Reptiles and mammals also had high levels of intraspecific genetic structure relevant to conservation management. The first challenge was making published genetic data fit for purpose because original publications often focussed on a different question and did not provide raw sequence read data. Gaining access to analytical files and compiling appropriate individual metadata was also time-consuming. For many species, significant unpublished data was held by researchers. Identifying which data existed was challenging. For both published and unpublished data, substantial sampling gaps prevented areas of a species’ distribution being assigned to a conservation unit. Summarising sampling gaps across species revealed that many areas were poorly sampled across taxonomic groups. To resolve these issues and prepare responses to future catastrophes, we recommend that researchers embrace open data principles including providing detailed metadata. Governments need to invest in a skilled taxonomic workforce to document and describe biodiversity before an event and to assess its impacts afterward. Natural history collections should also target increasing their DNA collections based on sampling gaps and revise their collection strategies to increasingly take population-scale DNA samples in order to document within-species genetic diversity.

Download Full-text

Power Supply of Mariculture Complexes

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2096 (1) ◽

pp. 012157

Author(s):

V V Loshchenkov ◽

V V Knyazhev

Keyword(s):

Power Supply ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Food Production ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Automatic Program ◽

Program Selection ◽

Control And Management ◽

Selection Of

Abstract The authors have developed a complex for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms, including a coastal fry breeding plant and marine plantations in the water column on the deep-sea shelf, installed with a bottom anchor. The autonomy of the plant and marine plantations is ensured by the automation of technological processes with energy supply from renewable sources. The development is based on the task to expand the capabilities of mariculture by creating autonomous automatic installations for growing marine aquatic organisms with remote dispatch control and management. This solution provides the possibility of placement away from the coast and automatic program selection of the optimal immersion depth of cultivated aquatic organisms to intensify the growth of aquatic organisms and escape from the storm, and service by standard methods of the fishing fleet without diving operations. Solving this problem will increase the efficiency and scale of mariculture in food production and introduce into practice autonomous biotechnical systems for biological treatment of sea areas exposed to anthropogenic impact.

Download Full-text

Effect of aridity on species assembly in gypsum drylands: a response mediated by the soil affinity of species

AoB Plants ◽

10.1093/aobpla/plaa020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Arantzazu L Luzuriaga ◽

Pablo Ferrandis ◽

Joel Flores ◽

Adrián Escudero

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Linear Models ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Change Models ◽

Perennial Plant ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

The Mean ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Previous studies found that plant communities on infertile soils are relatively resistant to climatic variation due to stress tolerance adaptations. However, the species assemblies in gypsum soil habitats require further investigation. Thus, we considered the following questions. (1) Do harsher arid conditions determine the characteristics of the species that form plant assemblages? (2) Is the selection of the species that assemble in arid conditions mediated by their ability to grow on gypsum soils? (3) Is the selection of species that assemble in harsher conditions related to phylogenetically conserved functional traits? Perennial plant communities were analysed in 89 gypsum-soil sites along a 400 km climate gradient from the central to southeastern Iberian Peninsula. Each local assemblage was analysed in 30 × 30 m plots and described based on taxonomic, functional (soil plant affinity) and phylogenetic parameters. The mean maximum temperatures in the hottest month, mean annual precipitation and their interaction terms were used as surrogates for the aridity conditions in generalized linear models. In the hottest locations, the gypsophily range narrowed and the mean gypsophily increased at the community level, thereby suggesting the filtering of species and the dominance of soil specialists in the actual plant assemblies. Drier sites had higher taxonomic diversity. The species that formed the perennial communities were close in evolutionary terms at the two ends of the aridity gradient. The mean maximum temperatures in the hottest month had the main abiotic filtering effect on perennial plant communities, which was mediated by the ability of species to grow on gypsum soils, and thus gypsum specialists dominated the species assemblies in the hottest locations. In contrast, the perennial communities on gypsum soils were relatively resistant to changes in precipitation. Our findings suggest that the warmer environmental conditions predicted by global change models will favour gypsum specialists over generalists.

Download Full-text