scholarly journals Roles of the prefrontal cortex in learning to time the onset of pre-existing motor programs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241562
Author(s):  
Beom-Chan Lee ◽  
Jongkwan Choi ◽  
Bernard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Onset Timing ◽  
Previous Hypothesis ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Gait Perturbations

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in cognitive control of motor activities and timing of future intensions. This study investigated the cognitive control of balance recovery in response to unpredictable gait perturbations and the role of PFC subregions in learning by repetition. Bilateral dorsolateral (DLPFC), ventrolateral (VLPFC), frontopolar (FPFC) and orbitofrontal (OFC) cortex hemodynamic changes induced by unpredictable slips were analyzed as a function of successive trials in ten healthy young adults. Slips were induced by the acceleration of one belt as the participant walked on a split-belt treadmill. A portable functional near-infrared spectroscope monitored PFC activities quantified by oxyhemoglobin (ΔO2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (ΔHbR) during the consecutive trial phases: standing, walking, slip-recovery. During the first 3 trials, the average oxyhemoglobin (ΔO2Hbavg) in the DLPFC, VLPFC, FPFC, and OFC cortex was significantly higher during slip-recovery than unperturbed walking or the standing baseline. Then, ΔO2Hbavg decreased progressively from trial-to-trial in the DLPFC, VLPFC, and FPFC, but increased and then remained constant in the OFC. The average deoxyhemoglobin (ΔHbRavg) presented mirror patterns. These changes after the third trial were paralleled by the progressive improvement of recovery revealed by kinematic variables. The results corroborate our previous hypothesis that only timing of the onset of a “good enough recovery motor program” is learned with practice. They also strongly support the assumption that the PFC contributes to the recall of pre-existing motor programs whose onset timing is adjusted by the OFC. Hence, learning is clearly divided into two steps delineated by the switch in activity of the OFC. Additionally, motor processes appear to share the working memory as well as decisional and predictive resources of the cognitive system.

scholarly journals Role of the prefrontal cortex in the cognitive control of reaching movements: near-infrared spectroscopy study

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 127003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Goto ◽  
Yoko Hoshi ◽  
Masashi Sata ◽  
Masatoshi Kawahara ◽  
Makoto Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Spectroscopy Study

Neurocognitive mechanisms of cognitive control: The role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Richard Ridderinkhof ◽  
Wery P.M. van den Wildenberg ◽  
Sidney J. Segalowitz ◽  
Cameron S. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Inhibition Performance

scholarly journals Interpersonal Synchrony Special Issue The role of anterior prefrontal cortex (area 10) in face-to-face deception measured with fNIRS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Pinti ◽  
Andrea Devoto ◽  
Isobel Greenhalgh ◽  
Ilias Tachtsidis ◽  
Paul W Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony ◽  
Anterior Prefrontal Cortex

Abstract Anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC, Brodmann area 10) activations are often, but not always, found in neuroimaging studies investigating deception, and the precise role of this area remains unclear. To explore the role of the PFC in face-to-face deception, we invited pairs of participants to play a card game involving lying and lie detection while we used functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record brain activity in the PFC. Participants could win points for successfully lying about the value of their cards or for detecting lies. We contrasted patterns of brain activation when the participants either told the truth or lied, when they were either forced into this or did so voluntarily and when they either succeeded or failed to detect a lie. Activation in the anterior PFC was found in both lie production and detection, unrelated to reward. Analysis of cross-brain activation patterns between participants identified areas of the PFC where the lead player’s brain activity synchronized their partner’s later brain activity. These results suggest that during situations that involve close interpersonal interaction, the anterior PFC supports processing widely involved in deception, possibly relating to the demands of monitoring one’s own and other people’s behaviour.

The Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Normal and Disordered Cognitive Control: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective

2002 ◽  
pp. 428-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd S. Braver ◽  
Jonathan D. Cohen ◽  
Deanna M. Barch
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience

scholarly journals The role of prefrontal cortex in a moral judgment task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e01116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadis Dashtestani ◽  
Rachel Zaragoza ◽  
Riley Kermanian ◽  
Kristine M. Knutson ◽  
Milton Halem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

scholarly journals The role of prefrontal cortex during postural control in Parkinsonian syndromes a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1633 ◽  
pp. 126-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette R. Mahoney ◽  
Roee Holtzer ◽  
Meltem Izzetoglu ◽  
Vance Zemon ◽  
Joe Verghese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Parkinsonian Syndromes

scholarly journals The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi P. Friedman ◽  
Trevor W. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Working Memory Updating ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

AbstractConcepts of cognitive control (CC) and executive function (EF) are defined in terms of their relationships with goal-directed behavior versus habits and controlled versus automatic processing, and related to the functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and related regions and networks. A psychometric approach shows unity and diversity in CC constructs, with 3 components in the most commonly studied constructs: general or common CC and components specific to mental set shifting and working memory updating. These constructs are considered against the cellular and systems neurobiology of PFC and what is known of its functional neuroanatomical or network organization based on lesioning, neurochemical, and neuroimaging approaches across species. CC is also considered in the context of motivation, as “cool” and “hot” forms. Its Common CC component is shown to be distinct from general intelligence (g) and closely related to response inhibition. Impairments in CC are considered as possible causes of psychiatric symptoms and consequences of disorders. The relationships of CC with the general factor of psychopathology (p) and dimensional constructs such as impulsivity in large scale developmental and adult populations are considered, as well as implications for genetic studies and RDoC approaches to psychiatric classification.

scholarly journals Cognitive Control of Episodic Memory in Schizophrenia: Differential Role of Dorsolateral and Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Ragland ◽  
Charan Ranganath ◽  
Joshua Phillips ◽  
Megan A. Boudewyn ◽  
Ann M. Kring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex

The Role of Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortices in Aesthetic Valuation

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Enric Munar ◽  
Camilo J. Cela-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Basic Stage ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Neuroimaging Study ◽  
The Aesthetic

As discussed in both the original study and the current chapter, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a required neural player in the aesthetic appraisal and a basic stage of the aesthetic experience. As the distinct activation that the authors found in the neuroimaging study occurred when participants rated as beautiful natural, artistic, and decorative stimuli, we concluded that left DLPFC responded to aesthetic qualities in general and not to specific artistic qualities. More recent studies indicate that the function of the LPFC in relation to aesthetics may be to exercise cognitive control to direct attention with a proper aesthetic orientation. Other studies suggest that LPFC is part of a frontal “evaluative” network which supports an analysis of emotional response and personal relevance. Specifically, left DLPFC seems to affect the evaluation of different images, disengaging from a habitual mode of identifying objects in order to adopt an aesthetic perspective.

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