scholarly journals Frequency domain shows: Fall-related concerns and sensorimotor decline explain inability to adjust postural control strategy in older adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242608
Author(s):  
Mascha Pauelsen ◽  
Hedyeh Jafari ◽  
Viktor Strandkvist ◽  
Lars Nyberg ◽  
Thomas Gustafsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Trial Group ◽  
Quiet Stance ◽  
Centre Of Pressure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Latent Structures ◽  
Group 1

Human postural control is a complex system and changes as we age. Frequency based analyses have been argued to be useful to identify altered postural control strategies in balance tasks. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency domain of the quiet stance centre of pressure of older adults with various degrees of fall-related concerns and sensorimotor functioning. We included 45 community dwelling older adults and used a force plate to register 30 seconds of quiet stance with eyes open and closed respectively. We also measured sensory and motor functions, as well as fall-related concerns and morale. We analysed the centre of pressure power spectrum density and extracted the frequency of 4 of its features for each participant. Orthogonal projection of latent structures–discriminant analysis revealed two groups for each quiet stance trial. Group 1 of each trial showed less sensory and motor decline, low/no fall-related concerns and higher frequencies. Group 2 showed more decline, higher fall-related concerns and lower frequencies. During the closed eyes trial, group 1 and group 2 shifted their features to higher frequencies, but only group 1 did so in any significant way. Higher fall-related concerns, sensory and motor decline, and explorative balancing strategies are highly correlated. The control system of individuals experiencing this seems to be highly dependent on vision. Higher fall-related concerns, and sensory and motor decline are also correlated with the inability to adjust to faster, more reactive balancing strategies, when vision is not available.

scholarly journals What Explains Successful or Unsuccessful Postural Adaptations to Repeated Surface Perturbations among Older Adults?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12069
Author(s):  
Jimmy Falk ◽  
Viktor Strandkvist ◽  
Irene Vikman ◽  
Mascha Pauelsen ◽  
Ulrik Röijezon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Postural Control System ◽  
Group Designation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Latent Structures

As we age there are natural physiological deteriorations that decrease the accuracy and flexibility of the postural control system, which increases the risk of falling. Studies have found that there are individual differences in the ability to learn to manage repeated postural threats. The aim of this study was to investigate which factors explain why some individuals are less proficient at adapting to recurrent postural perturbations. Thirty-five community dwelling older adults performed substantial sensory and motor testing and answered surveys regarding fall-related concerns and cognitive function. They were also subjected to three identical surface perturbations where both kinematics and electromyography was captured. Those that were able to adapt to the third perturbation were assigned to the group “Non-fallers” whereas those that fell during all perturbations were assigned to the group “Fallers”. The group designation dichotomized the sample in a hierarchical orthogonal projection of latent structures— the discriminant analysis model. We found that those who fell were older, had poorer physical performance, poorer strength and longer reaction times. The Fallers’ postural control strategies were more reliant on the stiffening strategy along with a more extended posture and they were less skillful at making appropriate feedforward adaptations prior to the third perturbation.

scholarly journals Efficacy of tablet-based applications for mental training in preserving cognitive abilities of older adults

ABOUTOPEN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Marcello Maria Turconi ◽  
Filomena Vella ◽  
Francesco Mosetti
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Versus Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background and aims: Nonpathological, age-related cognitive decline is among the most feared consequences of aging. Evidence suggests that the continued use of mental abilities can slow down cognitive decline. We developed two tablet-based applications for the mental training (ElasticaMente) and social interaction/entertainment (iNonni) of older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate their effect on cognitive performance.Materials and methods: This was an exploratory study of 8 months duration. Sixty healthy residents of a senior community center aged ≥60 years were recruited and divided into three groups: participants in Groups 1 and 2 received a tablet with ElasticaMente and iNonni (Group 1, n = 20) or with iNonni only (Group 2, n = 20); participants in Group 3 (n = 20) did not receive any tablet. Participants in Groups 1 and 2 were instructed to use the applications three times a week (each session ~45 minutes). Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline (T0) and after 8 months (T1) using a battery of six validated tests.Results: In Group 1, cognitive test scores remained consistently stable from T0 to T1, suggesting maintenance of cognitive abilities. In contrast, in Groups 2 and 3, scores worsened from T0 to T1 across all tests. Comparison of the changes from T0 to T1 revealed statistical significance for Group 1 versus Group 3, but not for Group 1 versus Group 2 and Group 2 versus Group 3.Conclusion: The 8 months use of the applications ElasticaMente and iNonni was associated with a significant benefit in terms of preserved cognitive performance compared with no tablet-based activity. The potential contribution of ElasticaMente to the attenuation of cognitive decline should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Different Visual Weighting due to Fast or Slow Vestibular Deafferentation: Before and after Schwannoma Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Tjernström ◽  
Per-Anders Fransson ◽  
Babar Kahlon ◽  
Mikael Karlberg ◽  
Sven Lindberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background. Feedback postural control depends upon information from somatosensation, vision, and the vestibular system that are weighted depending on their relative importance within the central nervous system. Following loss of any sensory component, the weighting changes, e.g., when suffering a vestibular loss, the most common notion is that patients become more dependent on visual cues for maintaining postural control. Dizziness and disequilibrium are common after surgery in schwannoma patients, which could be due to interpretation of the remaining sensory systems involved in feedback-dependent postural control and spatial orientation. Objective. To compare visual dependency in spatial orientation and postural control in patients suffering from unilateral vestibular loss within different time frames. Methods. Patients scheduled for schwannoma surgery: group 1 (n=27) with no vestibular function prior to surgery (lost through years), group 2 (n=12) with remaining vestibular function at the time of surgery (fast deafferentation), and group 3 (n=18) with remaining function that was lost through gentamicin installations in the middle ear (slow deafferentation). All patients performed vibratory posturography and rod and frame investigation before surgery and 6 months after surgery. Results. Postural control improved after surgery in patients that suffered a slow deafferentation (groups 1 and 3) (p<0.001). Patients that suffered fast loss of remaining vestibular function (group 2) became less visual field dependent after surgery (p≤0.035) and were less able to maintain stability compared with group 1 (p=0.010) and group 3 (p=0.010). Conclusions. The nature and time course of vestibular deafferentation influence the weighting of remaining sensory systems in order to maintain postural control and spatial orientation.

scholarly journals Fitness, Balance Efficacy, and Postural Control in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

SAGE Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401663179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lee ◽  
John R. Biggan ◽  
Christopher Ray
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic Risk Factor in Obese and Normal Weight Individuals in Community Dwelling Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8925
Author(s):  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Kijeong Kim ◽  
Sohee Shin
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) in community dwelling men based on a combination of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). This cross-sectional study was based on 867 males between the ages of 20 and 71 years. Subjects were categorized into 4 groups by BMI and WC (Group 1, BMI < 25 kg/m2 and WC < 90 cm; Group 2, BMI < 25 kg/m2 and WC > 90 cm; Group 3, BMI > 25 kg/m2 and WC < 90 cm; and Group 4 BMI > 25 kg/m2 and WC > 90 cm). The proportion of subjects with a normal weight with high WC was 3.2%. Among normal weight men with the high range of WC, significantly high Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI were found for hypertriglyceridemia (3.8, 1.8–8.2) and high blood glucose (3.2, 1.5–6.9). The probability that the general obesity group (Group 3) had one CRF was around twice that of the reference group (Group 1) (1.9 to 2.1 times), but Group 2 had probability more than 4 times higher (4.3 to 4.6 times). In community dwelling adult men, normal weight with high waist circumference was associated with the highest cardiometabolic risk. In conclusion, follow-up screening of those with high WC may be necessary to detect and prevent cardiometabolic diseases, particularly for men with a normal weight.

scholarly journals Comparison of two balance training programs on balance in community dwelling older adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shefali Walia ◽  
Majumi M. Noohu
Keyword(s):  
Balance Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Strategy Training ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Balance Strategy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Impaired balance has been associated with an increased risk for falls and a resulting increase in the mortality rate of elder people. Thus, balance-training interventions have an important place in fall prevention. This study was designed with the purpose of identifying the appropriate balance-training program for community dwelling elderly adults with an active lifestyle. A sample of 70 elderly adults were randomly allocated into two groups: group 1 (n=35) received general balance and mobility exercise; group 2 (n=35) received specific balance strategy training. The intervention consisted of 5 sessions/week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were <em>Timed up and go test</em> (TUGT) and <em>Berg balance scale</em> (BBS). An inter-group (2-way mixed model analysis of co-variance) and intra-group (repeated measures) analysis was done to find the change in balance scores. After the intervention, the TUGT scores in group 1 were, mean=10.38 s, standard deviation (SD)=1.59 s and in group 2 were, mean=9.27 s, SD=1.13 s. Post training, BBS scores for group 1 were, mean=54.69, SD=1.13, and for group 2 were, mean=55.57, SD =0.56. There was a significant group × time effect for TUGT and BBS score. All the subjects showed significant changes in balance scores after balance training interventions. The subjects who participated in the specific balance-strategy training significantly improved their functional mobility, as shown on the TUGT, compared to the general training group.

scholarly journals Automatic Quantification of Tandem Walking Using a Wearable Device: New Insights Into Dynamic Balance and Mobility in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Natalie Ganz ◽  
Eran Gazit ◽  
Nir Giladi ◽  
Robert J Dawe ◽  
Anat Mirelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mobility Disability ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Wearable sensors are increasingly employed to quantify diverse aspects of mobility. We developed novel tandem walking (TW) metrics, validated these measures using data from community-dwelling older adults, and evaluated their association with mobility disability and measures of gait and postural control. Methods Six hundred ninety-three community-dwelling older adults (age: 78.69 ± 7.12 years) wore a 3D accelerometer on their lower back while performing 3 tasks: TW, usual-walking, and quiet standing. Six new measures of TW were extracted from the sensor data along with the clinician’s conventional assessment of TW missteps (ie, trip other loss of balance in which recovery occurred to prevent a fall) and duration. Principal component analysis transformed the 6 new TW measures into 2 summary TW composite factors. Logistic regression models evaluated whether these TW factors were independently associated with mobility disability. Results Both TW factors were moderately related to the TW conventional measures (r &lt; 0.454, p &lt; .001) and were mildly correlated with usual-walking (r &lt; 0.195, p &lt; .001) and standing, postural control (r &lt; 0.119, p &lt; .001). The TW frequency composite factor (p = .008), but not TW complexity composite factor (p = .246), was independently associated with mobility disability in a model controlling for age, sex, body mass index, race, conventional measures of TW, and other measures of gait and postural control. Conclusions Sensor-derived TW metrics expand the characterization of gait and postural control and suggest that they reflect a relatively independent domain of mobility. Further work is needed to determine if these metrics improve risk stratification for other adverse outcomes (eg, falls and incident disability) in older adults.

Contribution of Head Position, Standing Surface, and Vision to Postural Control in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 7001270010p1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrick D. Pociask ◽  
Rosanne DiZazzo-Miller ◽  
Allon Goldberg ◽  
Diane E. Adamo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Potential Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Sensorimotor Integration during Quiet Stance in Young Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelle A. Nielson ◽  
Emily G. Deegan ◽  
Aaron S.L. Hung ◽  
Abraham J Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Quiet Stance ◽  
Centre Of Pressure

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sleep deprivation and rest on postural control. It was hypothesized that significant increases in COP deviations will occur after sleep deprivation. Methods. Four healthy adults (age= 21.50 years; mass= 68.93 kg) participated in two protocols involving sleep and sleep-deprivation. Within each condition multiple 40s impairments of visual, somatosensory, and/or vestibular sensory feedback were performed. Balance was quantified using root-mean-square (RMS) of the centre of pressure (COP) and COP Variance. Results. Two-way ANOVA demonstrated no significant effect of sleep deprivation on balance between sensory insults. Paired t-tests were performed nonetheless and revealed significant differences within the sleep-deprived condition. COP RMS and Variance were significantly greater medio-laterally with all systems impaired (ALL) (3.43 ± 0.63 mm, p

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document