scholarly journals The Effect of a Competitive Futsal Match on Psychomotor Vigilance in Referees

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302
Author(s):  
Hawkar S. Ahmed ◽  
Samuele M. Marcora ◽  
David Dixon ◽  
Glen Davison
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Mood Scale ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

Context: Referees’ physical and cognitive performance are important for successful officiating in team sports. There is a lack of research on cognitive performance of referees in general, and none in futsal. Purpose: To assess referees’ performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) before and after competitive futsal matches during the Football Association (FA) National Futsal League 2015/16. Methods: Fourteen futsal referees (mean [SD] age 34.3 [10.0] y) from the FA National Futsal group were included. The referees were required to undertake a 10-min PVT 60 min before the match kickoff time (pretest) and immediately after matches (posttest). They also completed the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) questionnaire before the prematch PVT and after the postmatch PVT. Result: Data were analyzed by paired t tests comparing prematch and postmatch results. There was a significant difference in BRUMS parameters vigor (9.5 [2.5] prematch vs 6.3 [2.4] postmatch, P = .001) and fatigue (1.4 [1.3] prematch vs 5.6 [3.1] postmatch, P < .001). However, PVT performance was significantly improved (mean reaction time 248.3 [26.2] ms prematch vs 239.7 [22.4] ms postmatch, P = .023). Conclusions: The present results show, contrary to the authors’ initial hypothesis, that psychomotor performance is improved as opposed to decreased after a single match. The postmatch improvement suggests that exercise can acutely enhance cognitive performance, which could be used to inform warm-up practices (eg, optimal duration and intensity) geared toward optimizing referees’ cognitive performance during matches.

scholarly journals Effect of shift work on fatigue and sleep in neonatal registrars

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245428
Author(s):  
Ajay P. Anvekar ◽  
Elizabeth A. Nathan ◽  
Dorota A. Doherty ◽  
Sanjay K. Patole
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Subjective Sleepiness ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Night Shifts ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

Objective We aimed to study fatigue and sleep in registrars working 12-hour rotating shifts in our tertiary neonatal intensive unit. Methods and participants This study involved neonatal registrar’s working day (08:00–21:00) and night (20:30–08:30) shifts. Participants maintained a sleep diary, answered a self-reported sleepiness questionnaire assessing subjective sleepiness, and performed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) at the start and end of each shift. Primary outcomes: (1) Fatigue at the (i) “start vs end” of day and night shifts, (ii) end of the “day vs night” shifts, and (iii) end of “first vs last shift” in block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration and quality of sleep before the “day vs night” shifts. Mean reaction time (RTM), relative coefficient of variation (RTCV), and lapses (reaction time > 500ms) were used as measures of fatigue on PVT. Secondary outcome: Subjective sleepiness (self-reported sleepiness questionnaire) at the ‘start vs end” of day and night shifts. Results Fifteen registrars completed the study. Acuity was comparable for all shifts. (1) Psychomotor responses were impaired at the end vs start of day shifts [RTM (p = 0.014), lapses (p = 0.001)], end vs start of night shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.003), lapses (p<0.001)] and end of night vs day shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.046), lapses (p = 0.001)]. Only lapses were significantly increased at the end of the last (p = 0.013) vs first shift (p = 0.009) in a block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration of sleep before the night (p = 0.019) and consecutive night shifts was decreased significantly (p = 0.034). Subjective sleepiness worsened after day (p = 0.014) and night shifts (p<0.001). Conclusion Fatigue worsened after the 12-hour day and night shifts with a greater change after night shifts. Lapses increased after block of day and night shifts. Sleep was decreased before night shifts. Our findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.

scholarly journals A-11 Fatigue and Errors in Aeromedicine (FEAr) Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-870
Author(s):  
J Nosker ◽  
A Cornelius ◽  
M Lassen ◽  
T Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Fitness For Duty ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

Abstract Objective The FEAr pilot study was conducted to evaluate the construct validity of an instrument that measures self-reported fatigue levels among air medics (the Flight Risk Assessment [FRA] measure). Data Selection The population of interest, flight medics, is highly specialized and relatively small. As a result, non-probability, convenience sampling was used (N = 27). The participants were recruited from one air medical company with bases located across ten western states. Medics took two measures, the FRA and the PVT, three times a day, for three days. Data Synthesis To establish construct validity, scores on the FRA were compared to scores on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), which is a widely used and validated measure to detect fatigue in field settings. The results of the study indicate that a total of five questions on the FRA was significantly and moderately correlated with the PVT efficiency score (r = -.49, p = .01). The mean reaction time was also significantly correlated with the total FRA score (r = .59, p = .001). Notably, perceived fitness for duty was poorly correlated with fatigue levels as measured by the FRA (r < .01). Conclusions The results of this study contribute to a very limited body of research on fatigue among air medical providers. Specifically, the study contributes to the knowledge about the construct validity of the Flight Risk Assessment, which can be used to evaluate fatigue among air medics. Further analysis can assist in determining appropriate cutoff scores to inform time-out policies for medics.

scholarly journals Reaktivní agilita před a po sportovně-specifickém rozcvičení u hráčů stolního tenisu

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Pavel Vacenovský ◽  
Tomáš Vencúrik ◽  
Martin Sebera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reactive Agility ◽  
National League ◽  
The Difference

The aim of the study was to determine and compare the reactive agility league players and players of regional competitions and its changes due to sport-specific warm-up. The research sample consisted of 43 players, who were divided into two groups. First group consisted of 22 players from teams playing in the national league competitions (24.3 ± 5.6 years, body height 179.4 ± 8 cm, body weight 74.8 ± 10.4 kg), the second group of 21 players playing lower regional competitions (26.7 ± 5.64 years, body height 180.2 ± 7.7 cm, body weight 77.8 ± 10.5 kg). We used Fitro agility test modified for table tennis before and after warm-up. For data analysis was used two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. When comparing reactive agility, we found significant difference before and after the sport-specific warm-up for group of league players (885.94 ± 122.69 ms before the warm-up, 842.80 ± 119.48 ms after the warm-up, an improvement of 4.87 %, p <0.0004) and also for the group of players from lower competitions (932.96 ± 114.78ms before the warm-up, 871.90 ± 119.68 ms after the warm-up, an improvement of 6.54 %, p < 0.0002). Although league players achieved better results, the difference between the groups was found not significant. The nonsignificant statistic values for interaction indicates, that league players did not respond to the sport-specific warm-up differently than players from lower competitions. Sport-specific warm-up is important for improving the reactive agility and therefore should not be underestimated.

scholarly journals The Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale: Assessing Predictive and Concurrent Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Summers ◽  
Richard J. Keegan ◽  
Andrew Flood ◽  
Kristy Martin ◽  
Andrew McKune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Concurrent Validation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

To complement and enhance readiness-monitoring capability, the Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale (ARMS) was developed: a widely applicable, simple psychometric measure of perceived readiness. While this tool may have widespread utility in sport and military settings, it remains unknown if the ARMS demonstrates predictive and concurrent validity. Here, we investigated whether the ARMS is: (1) responsive to an acute manipulation of readiness using sleep deprivation, (2) relates to biological markers of readiness [cortisol/heart-rate variability (HRV)], and (3) predicts performance on a cognitive task. Thirty young adults (aged 23 ± 4 years; 18 females) participated. All participants engaged in a 24-h sleep deprivation protocol. Participants completed the ARMS, biological measures of readiness (salivary cortisol, HRV), and cognitive performance measures (psychomotor vigilance task) before, immediately after, 24-, and 48-h post-sleep deprivation. All six of the ARMS subscales changed in response to sleep deprivation: scores on each subscale worsened (indicating reductions in perceived readiness) immediately after sleep deprivation, returning to baseline 24/48 h post. Lower perceived readiness was associated with reduced awakening responses in cortisol and predicted worse cognitive performance (slower reaction time). No relationship was observed between the ARMS and HRV, nor between any biological markers of readiness (cortisol/HRV) and cognitive performance. These data suggest that the ARMS may hold practical utility in detecting, or screening for, the wide range of deleterious effects caused by sleep deprivation; may constitute a quick, cheap, and easily interpreted alternative to biological measures of readiness; and may be used to monitor or mitigate potential underperformance on tasks requiring attention and vigilance.

scholarly journals Cognitive performance in distinct groups of children undergoing epilepsy surgery—a single-centre experience

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7790
Author(s):  
Barbora Benova ◽  
Anezka Belohlavkova ◽  
Petr Jezdik ◽  
Alena Jahodová ◽  
Martin Kudr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
One Year ◽  
Paediatric Epilepsy

Background We aimed first to describe trends in cognitive performance over time in a large patient cohort (n = 203) from a single tertiary centre for paediatric epilepsy surgery over the period of 16 years divided in two (developing—pre-2011 vs. established—post-2011). Secondly, we tried to identify subgroups of epilepsy surgery candidates with distinctive epilepsy-related characteristics that associate with their pre- and post-surgical cognitive performance. Thirdly, we analysed variables affecting pre-surgical and post-surgical IQ/DQ and their change (post- vs. pre-surgical). Methods We analysed IQ/DQ data obtained using standardized neuropsychological tests before epilepsy surgery and one year post-surgically, along with details of patient’s epilepsy, epilepsy surgery and outcomes in terms of freedom from seizures. Using regression analysis, we described the trend in post-operative IQ/DQ. Cognitive outcomes and the associated epilepsy- and epilepsy surgery-related variables were compared between periods before and after 2011. Using multivariate analysis we analysed the effect of individual variables on pre- and post-operative IQ/DQ and its change. Results Epilepsy surgery tends to improve post-surgical IQ/DQ, most significantly in patients with lower pre-surgical IQ/DQ, and post-surgical IQ/DQ strongly correlates with pre-surgical IQ/DQ (Rho = 0.888, p < 0.001). We found no significant difference in pre-, post-surgical IQ/DQ and IQ/DQ change between the periods of pre-2011 and post-2011 (p = 0.7, p = 0.469, p = 0.796, respectively). Patients with temporal or extratemporal epilepsy differed in their pre-surgical IQ/DQ (p = 0.001) and in IQ/DQ change (p = 0.002) from those with hemispheric epilepsy, with no significant difference in post-surgical IQ/DQ (p = 0.888). Groups of patients with different underlying histopathology showed significantly different pre- and post-surgical IQ/DQ (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively) but not IQ/DQ change (p = 0.345).Variables associated with severe epilepsy showed effect on cognitive performance in multivariate model. Discussion Post-surgical IQ/DQ strongly correlates with pre-surgical IQ/DQ and greatest IQ/DQ gain occurs in patients with lower pre-surgical IQ/DQ scores. Cognitive performance was not affected by changes in paediatric epilepsy surgery practice. Pre- and post-operative cognitive performances, as well as patients’ potential for cognitive recovery, are highly dependent on the underlying aetiology and epileptic syndrome.

scholarly journals FLUID BALANCE DURING TAEKWONDO TRAINING

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Felipe Gomes Belfort ◽  
Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim ◽  
Carlos Enrique Silva ◽  
Cassia Farias Fernandes Gonçalves ◽  
Priscila Rita Niquini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT Introduction Dehydration has been described as one of the main factors of reduced performance in combat sports activities, leading to death in extreme cases. Objective To investigate the pre-training hydration status and changes in fluid homeostasis during two taekwondo training sessions. Methods Eighteen male college athletes (age 22.6 ± 3.37 years) were assessed. The study design aimed to reproduce the conditions of a 90-minute taekwondo training session, divided into three stages: a) warm-up exercises (20 min); b) poomsae (30 min) and c) technical training (40 min). The athletes had ad libitum water intake during training. To assess the hydration status we considered body mass (BM), the amount of liquid consumed and urine output, which enabled us to establish absolute and relative fluid loss in kg and percentage as well as the sweating rate. We also considered urine specific gravity (USG), urine color (U-COL), and subjective sensation of thirst (Sthirst) before and after the training session. Pre- and post-training results were compared separately in each session and between sessions. Results There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in pre-training BM between the two days of training. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the final BM on both days of the experiment. Most subjects had relative dehydration below 2%. A significant difference (P<0.05) was recorded pre and post training for U-COL and Sthirst, with the highest rates obtained at the end of each session. Participants always started training at a low dehydration status (USG >1,020g.ml-1). Conclusions The athletes tended to start the training sessions in dehydration status, which increases over the course of the training. Ad libitum water intake was not sufficient to balance fluid loss. Changes in fluid levels between sessions were similar. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results Level of Treatment.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE REACTION TIME PERFORMANCE AND SUBJECTIVE DROWSINESS: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (Special1) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Amzar A ◽  
Fadhilah MS
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vibration Magnitude ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Whole Body Vibrations ◽  
Alertness Level ◽  
Substantial Drop

It is believed that exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) may increase seated occupant drowsiness, and seated occupant drowsiness may contribute to vehicular accidents. Previous studies on driver comfort have indicated that long-term exposure to WBV may have an adverse effect on musculoskeletal disorders. However, the effects of WBV on seated occupants’ drowsiness have been less rigorously studied. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between exposure to WBV and drowsiness level.  Laboratory experiments were designed and involved eighteen healthy male volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to random gaussian vibration for 20-minutes with the frequency between 1-15Hz. The transmitted vibration magnitude was adjusted for each volunteer to become 0.2ms-2   for low vibration magnitude and 0.4ms2 for medium vibration magnitude. Volunteers’ vigilance was measured by the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) before and after the vibration exposure. The analyses revealed a substantial drop in volunteers’ vigilance level after exposure to vibration and the effect was more pronounced in high vibration amplitude 0.4 ms-2. These findings suggested that exposure to vibration even as low as 20-minutes may attribute to the reduction of alertness level.

scholarly journals Slow-frequency electroencephalography activity during wake and sleep in obesity hypoventilation syndrome

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Sivam ◽  
Joseph Poon ◽  
Keith K H Wong ◽  
Brendon J Yee ◽  
Amanda J Piper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Obesity Hypoventilation ◽  
Slow Frequency

Abstract Study Objective Neurophysiological activity during wake and sleep states in obesity hypoventilation (OHS) and its relationship with neurocognitive function is not well understood. This study compared OHS with equally obese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, with similar apnea-hypopnea indices. Methods Resting wake and overnight sleep electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, neurocognitive tests, and sleepiness, depression and anxiety scores were assessed before and after 3 months of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in 15 OHS and 36 OSA patients. Results Pretreatment, greater slow frequency EEG activity during wake and sleep states (increased delta-alpha ratio during sleep, and theta power during awake) was observed in the OHS group compared to the OSA group. EEG slowing was correlated with poorer performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (slowest 10% of reciprocal reaction times, psychomotor vigilance test [PVT SRRT], primary outcome), and worse sleep-related hypoxemia measures in OHS. There was no between-group significant difference in PVT performance at pre or post-treatment. Similarly, despite both groups demonstrating improved sleepiness, anxiety and depression scores with PAP therapy, there were no differences in treatment response between the OSA and OHS groups. Conclusion Patients with OHS have greater slow frequency EEG activity during sleep and wake than equally obese patients with OSA. Greater EEG slowing was associated with worse vigilance and lower oxygenation during sleep. Clinical Trial This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000122550).

Relations among Comfort of Fabrics, Ratings of Comfort, and Visual Vigilance

2003 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Bell ◽  
Armand V. Cardello ◽  
Howard G. Schutz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clothing Comfort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Little is known about the relationship between perceptions of comfort and cognitive performance. In the present study, 40 subjects (20 men and 20 women) participated in a computerized cognitive task of visual vigilance. The computer task was completed under three conditions of clothing and tactile comfort: one condition was that of extreme discomfort, effected by the wearing of wool clothing material on the arms and neck in addition to each subject's normal clothing, including a short sleeve shirt; a second condition was that of minimal discomfort, effected by the wearing of cotton clothing material on the arms and neck, in addition to each subject's normal clothing, including a short sleeve shirt; and a third condition was a control, wherein no experimental material was added to each subject's normal clothing, including a short sleeve shirt. Comfort was assessed prior to, during, and after testing. Reaction time and accuracy of 400 trials of a visual vigilance task were assessed under each of these three conditions. Analysis indicated a significant difference in perceived comfort between the wool and each of the other conditions. In addition, both reaction time and accuracy declined in the wool condition. This study is among the first to identify a direct significant relationship between perceptions of clothing comfort and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Can Helmet Weight Affect Cognitive Performance and Mental Workload? An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Choobineh ◽  
◽  
Matin Rostami ◽  
Mozhgan Zoaktafi ◽  
Reza Kazemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Mental Work Load ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

This study sought to examine the effect of helmet weight on cognitive performance and mental workload. Twenty participants were studied in three one-hour sessions. The participants were asked to read and work with computer under three conditions: while wearing no helmets, while wearing a helmet that weighed 800 g (A), and while wearing a helmet weighing 1500 g (B). “N-back” task and Continuous Performance Test (CPT) were employed to assess cognitive performance, while NASA-TLX and Thermal Comfort and Fatigue Perception Scale were used to evaluate mental work load and comfort. At the end of the intervention sessions, perceived mental workload as well as thermal comfort and fatigue in the head were measured. Moreover, the participants’ cognitive performance was gauged before and after the sessions. The findings revealed that helmet weight had a significant impact on cognitive performance (p<0.001). Nonetheless, no significant difference was detected in the participants’ mental workload before and after the intervention. It was thus argued that helmet weight could affect cognitive performance.Therefore, in designing helmets, the weight of the helmet should be considered as an important factor.

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