scholarly journals Short-term changes in air humidity and water availability weakly constrain thermoregulation in a dry-skinned ectotherm

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247514
Author(s):  
Jean-François Le Galliard ◽  
David Rozen-Rechels ◽  
Anjélica Lecomte ◽  
Clémence Demay ◽  
Andréaz Dupoué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
Thermal Preferences

Thermoregulation is critical for ectotherms as it allows them to maintain their body temperature close to an optimum for ecological performance. Thermoregulation includes a range of behaviors that aim at regulating body temperature within a range centered around the thermal preference. Thermal preference is typically measured in a thermal gradient in fully-hydrated and post-absorptive animals. Short-term effects of the hydric environment on thermal preferences in such set-ups have been rarely quantified in dry-skinned ectotherms, despite accumulating evidence that dehydration might trade-off with behavioral thermoregulation. Using experiments performed under controlled conditions in climatic chambers, we demonstrate that thermal preferences of a ground-dwelling, actively foraging lizard (Zootoca vivipara) are weakly decreased by a daily restriction in free-standing water availability (less than 0.5°C contrast). The influence of air humidity during the day on thermal preferences depends on time of the day and sex of the lizard, and is generally weaker than those of of free-standing water (less than 1°C contrast). This shows that short-term dehydration can influence, albeit weakly, thermal preferences under some circumstances in this species. Environmental humidity conditions are important methodological factors to consider in the analysis of thermal preferences.

scholarly journals Characterizing Growing Season Length of Subtropical Coniferous Forests with a Phenological Model

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Yuan Gong ◽  
Christina L. Staudhammer ◽  
Susanne Wiesner ◽  
Gregory Starr ◽  
Yinlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phenological Model

Understanding plant phenological change is of great concern in the context of global climate change. Phenological models can aid in understanding and predicting growing season changes and can be parameterized with gross primary production (GPP) estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. This study used nine years of EC-derived GPP data from three mature subtropical longleaf pine forests in the southeastern United States with differing soil water holding capacity in combination with site-specific micrometeorological data to parameterize a photosynthesis-based phenological model. We evaluated how weather conditions and prescribed fire led to variation in the ecosystem phenological processes. The results suggest that soil water availability had an effect on phenology, and greater soil water availability was associated with a longer growing season (LOS). We also observed that prescribed fire, a common forest management activity in the region, had a limited impact on phenological processes. Dormant season fire had no significant effect on phenological processes by site, but we observed differences in the start of the growing season (SOS) between fire and non-fire years. Fire delayed SOS by 10 d ± 5 d (SE), and this effect was greater with higher soil water availability, extending SOS by 18 d on average. Fire was also associated with increased sensitivity of spring phenology to radiation and air temperature. We found that interannual climate change and periodic weather anomalies (flood, short-term drought, and long-term drought), controlled annual ecosystem phenological processes more than prescribed fire. When water availability increased following short-term summer drought, the growing season was extended. With future climate change, subtropical areas of the Southeastern US are expected to experience more frequent short-term droughts, which could shorten the region’s growing season and lead to a reduction in the longleaf pine ecosystem’s carbon sequestration capacity.

scholarly journals Thermal Preferences of Cowpea Seed Beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus): Effects of Sex and Nuptial Gift Transfers

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Dariusz Krzysztof Małek ◽  
Marcin Czarnoleski
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Nuptial Gift ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Nuptial Gifts ◽  
Insect Performance ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Thermal Preferences ◽  
Seed Beetles

The thermal environment influences insect performance, but the factors affecting insect thermal preferences are rarely studied. We studied Callosobruchus maculatus seed beetles and hypothesized that thermal preferences are influenced by water balance, with individuals with limited water reserves preferring cooler habitats to reduce evaporative water loss. Adult C. maculatus, in their flightless morph, do not consume food or water, but a copulating male provides a female with a nuptial gift of ejaculate containing nutrients and water. We hypothesized that gift recipients would prefer warmer habitats than gift donors and that both sexes would plastically adjust their thermal preferences according to the size of the transferred gift. We measured the thermal preference in each sex in individuals that were mated once or were unmated. In the mated group, we measured the sizes of the nuptial gifts and calculated proportional body mass changes in each mate during copulation. Supporting the role of water balance in thermal preference, females preferred warmer habitats than males. Nevertheless, thermal preferences in either sex were not affected by mating status or gift size. It is likely that high rates of mating and gift transfers in C. maculatus living under natural conditions promoted the evolution of constitutive sex-dependent thermal preferences.

scholarly journals Keeping cool in the heat: Behavioral thermoregulation and body temperature patterns in wild vervet monkeys

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard McFarland ◽  
Louise Barrett ◽  
Mary‐Ann Costello ◽  
Andrea Fuller ◽  
Robyn S. Hetem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Vervet Monkeys

scholarly journals Implications of Reduced Stand Density on Tree Growth and Drought Susceptibility: A Study of Three Species under Varying Climate

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Mathias Steckel ◽  
W. Keith Moser ◽  
Miren del Río ◽  
Hans Pretzsch
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Positive Effect

A higher frequency of increasingly severe droughts highlights the need for short-term measures to adapt existing forests to climate change. The maintenance of reduced stand densities has been proposed as a promising silvicultural tool for mitigating drought stress. However, the relationship between stand density and tree drought susceptibility remains poorly understood, especially across ecological gradients. Here, we analysed the effect of reduced stand density on tree growth and growth sensitivity, as well as on short-term drought responses (resistance, recovery, and resilience) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson). Tree ring series from 409 trees, growing in stands of varying stand density, were analysed at sites with different water availability. For all species, mean tree growth was significantly higher under low compared with maximum stand density. Mean tree growth sensitivity of Scots pine was significantly higher under low compared with moderate and maximum stand density, while growth sensitivity of ponderosa pine peaked under maximum stand density. Recovery and resilience of Scots pine, as well as recovery of sessile oak and ponderosa pine, decreased with increasing stand density. In contrast, resistance and resilience of ponderosa pine significantly increased with increasing stand density. Higher site water availability was associated with significantly reduced drought response indices of Scots pine and sessile oak in general, except for resistance of oak. In ponderosa pine, higher site water availability significantly lessened recovery. Higher site water availability significantly moderated the positive effect of reduced stand density on drought responses. Stand age had a significantly positive effect on the resistance of Scots pine and a negative effect on recovery of sessile oak. We discuss potential causes for the observed response patterns, derive implications for adaptive forest management, and make recommendations for further research in this field.

scholarly journals Body Temperature, Heart Rate, and Short-Term Outcome of Cooled Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennosuke Tsuda ◽  
Sachiko Iwata ◽  
Takeo Mukai ◽  
Jun Shibasaki ◽  
Akihito Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Short Term Outcome

Impact of Water Availability on Responses of Cucumis sativus Plants to a Short-Term Daily Temperature Drop

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Shibaeva ◽  
E. G. Sherudilo ◽  
E. N. Ikkonen ◽  
A. F. Titov
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Short Term

Behavioral thermoregulation in mice subjected to high pressure

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Macdonald ◽  
N. R. Marshall ◽  
R. G. Pertwee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Deep Body ◽  
Increased Pressure

Mice exposed to normoxic He and Ne at increased pressure and allowed to choose between a neutral and a cool environment showed a preference for the cooler environment. This behavior was apparent at 5.7 but not at 2.5 atm He. At 11.3 atm He and Ne, the behavior was associated with a similar reduction in the deep body temperature to a new steady level. The reduction in body temperature increased with pressure, up to 35 atm He, the maximum studied. Since the heat transfer of the He and Ne gas mixtures is different and both gases exert negligible anesthetic effects, the hydrostatic pressure most likely affects behavioral thermoregulation by affecting neuronal function.

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability of lizard, Gallotia galloti

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. R242-R248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gonzalez Gonzalez ◽  
L. De Vera Porcell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Transient Interactions ◽  
Beat Heart ◽  
Gallotia Galloti

The beat-to-beat heart rate of the lizard, Gallotia galloti, at rest shows short-term oscillations, the frequency of which varies with body temperature. Spectral analysis of the heart rate variability signal shows that, above 20 degrees C, two major frequency components are present: the first component has a mean frequency ranging from 0.032 at 20 degrees C to 0.070 Hz at 35 degrees C and the second from 0.039 at 20 degrees C to 0.10 Hz at 35 degrees C of body temperature. The beat-to-beat heart rate variability does not seem to be correlated with ventilatory activity. The two spectral components could be associated as in mammals with the activity of the control systems that regulate the circulation, especially with the cutaneous vasomotor thermoregulatory and endogenous pressure vasomotor activities. Transient interactions between both components are described.

Water availability alters the relative performance of Salix sericea,Sralix eriocephala, and their F1 hybrids

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M Orians ◽  
Daniel I Bolnick ◽  
Bernadette M Roche ◽  
Robert S Fritz ◽  
Ted Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
High Water ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
One Year

Seedlings of Salix eriocephala Michx., Salix sericea Marsh., and their F1 hybrids were tested for their growth under contrasting water conditions. One-year old seedlings were grown in pots and subjected to one of two experiments, a scheduled-watering experiment (watered every 1, 4, 8, or 12 days) or a dry-down experiment (no watering after an initial period without water limitation). In the scheduled-watering experiment, short-term growth of hybrids was suppressed relative to the parents. However, subsequent watering allowed hybrids to recover. By the end of the 48-day experiments, hybrids exhibited heterosis across all treatments. In the dry-down experiment, hybrids again were highly susceptible to the onset of drought conditions. From these results, we hypothesize that temporal and spatial variability in water availability could determine the survivorship of hybrids and the frequency of introgression; high water availability may enhance the relative performance of hybrids, while low water availability may limit hybrids.Key words: Salicaceae, willows, hybridization, water relations, performance, heterosis.

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