scholarly journals Factors associated with physical and sexual violence among school-going adolescents in Nepal: Findings from Global School-based Student Health Survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248566
Author(s):  
Achyut Raj Pandey ◽  
Tamanna Neupane ◽  
Binaya Chalise ◽  
Niraj Shrestha ◽  
Sabina Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Physical Attack ◽  
School Based ◽  
Physical Fight

Background Globally violence is a matter of public health concern with severe physical and mental health implications and social consequences. Evidence suggest that adolescents have an elevated risk of exposure to physical and sexual violence. However, there is a lack of nationally representative research on violence and its associated factors in Nepal to inform interventions. This paper attempts to find the factors associated with various forms of physical and sexual violence among school-going adolescents in Nepal. Methods We analysed the cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2015. The GSHS survey applied a two-stage cluster sampling process to select a representative sample of 7 to 11 grade students from 74 schools across the country. We applied logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with physical and sexual violence. Results Out of the total 6,529 participants, 45.24% of them faced a physical attack, 39.25% were involved in a physical fight, and 11.65% were victims of sexual violence in the survey administered between 7 August 2015 to 14 March 2016. In a multiple regression analysis, the age of participants, parental supervision, feeling unsafe at school, and the number of close friends were found to be associated with a physical attack. Participants who were bullied, had multiple sex partners, and had received corporal punishment in school had a higher engagement in a physical fight. Likewise, school grade, having parents who understand the problems, having multiple sex partners, and corporal punishment at school were associated with instances of sexual violence. Conclusion The study identified multiple factors associated with experiences of physical attacks, involvement in a physical fight, and sexual violence among school-going adolescents. This study results can have important implications for school administration, parents, and policymakers alike to plan appropriate anti-violence strategies and interventions. Since various forms of violence share some common risk factors, a comprehensive strategy could be worth considering to prevent such acts of violence.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated with Interpersonal Violence among In-School Adolescents in Ghana: Analysis of the Global School-Based Health Survey Data

Adolescents ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Richard Gyan Aboagye ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Francis Arthur-Holmes ◽  
James Boadu Frimpong ◽  
John Elvis Hagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Based

Interpersonal violence is a critical public health concern that is linked with many negative consequences, including mortality. It is the second most predominant cause of death among male adolescents aged 15–19. This study used a nationally representative data from the recent Ghana Global School-based Health Survey to examine the prevalence and factors associated with interpersonal violence among Ghanaian in-school adolescents. A total of 2214 in-school adolescents were included in the final analysis. Multivariable binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors assciated with interpersonal violence. The results of the regression analysis were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence level (CI) in all the analyses. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The overall prevalence of interpersonal violence was 55.7%, of which the prevalences of physical fighting and attack were 38.2% and 41.5%, respectively. In-school adolescents who had an injury were more likely to experience interpersonal violence (aOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.71–3.06) compared with those who did not have an injury. The odds of interpersonal violence were higher among in-school adolescents who were bullied (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.84–3.34) compared with those who were not bullied. In addition, in-school adolescents who attempted suicide (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.22–2.47), consumed alcohol at the time of the survey (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.15–3.06), and were truant (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.29–1.99) had higher odds of experiencing interpersonal violence. These factors provide education directors and school heads/teachers with the relevant information to guide them in designing specific interventions to prevent interpersonal violence, particularly physical fights and attacks in the school settings. School authorities should organize parent–teacher meetings or programs to help parents improve their relationships with in-school adolescents to prevent or minimize their risky behaviors, including physical fights.

Trends and predictors of recent HIV testing over 22 years among a clinic sample of men who have sex with men in South Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Peng Bi ◽  
Alison Ward ◽  
Charlotte Bell ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Increasing the frequency of HIV testing is crucial for effective HIV prevention and care. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there has been a change in HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) at the South Australia Specialist Sexual Health (SASSH) clinic over the past two decades. Methods: Computerised medical records of MSM who attended the SASSH at their first visit between 1994 and 2015 were used to determine whether HIV testing had changed among MSM. First HIV tests in each calendar year and return tests within 12 months were analysed. Factors associated with recent HIV testing were also examined. Results: There were 24 036 HIV tests conducted among 8163 individual MSM over the study period. The proportion of newly registered MSM who reported ever being tested for HIV declined (Ptrend = 0.030), the proportion who reported recent HIV testing did not change (Ptrend = 0.955) and the proportion who have had current HIV testing increased (Ptrend = 0.008). The proportion of MSM who returned to the clinic for HIV testing within 12 months did not change (Ptrend >0.05), with less than 40% of MSM returning for HIV testing. Factors independently associated with recent HIV testing included MSM aged ≥20 years, (odds ratio (OR) 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–2.10), higher education (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.12–1.45), non-Caucasian (African OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.30–2.17), having multiple sex partners (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.29–1.69), having had sex interstate (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.42–1.82) or overseas (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.33–1.76) and injecting drug use (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.29–1.88). Conclusions: HIV testing rate among MSM attending SASSH was suboptimal. New approaches are needed to increase the uptake and early detection of HIV infection among the high-priority MSM population.

Factors associated with multiple sex partners among junior high school students

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Durbin ◽  
Ralph J. DiClemente ◽  
David Siegel ◽  
Flora Krasnovsky ◽  
Nancy Lazarus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Junior High School Students ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
School Students ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners

scholarly journals A Multicountry Study of the Violence-Related Risk Factors for Early Sexual Debut and Risky Sexual Behavior in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092750
Author(s):  
Lee Smith ◽  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Guillermo F. López-Sánchez ◽  
Igor Grabovac ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Physical Fighting ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Physical Attack

Globally, the prevalence of adolescent sexual intercourse and violence is high. However, to date, no study has investigated the association between violence and sexual behavior in a large representative sample of adolescents, while multicountry studies are also lacking. The objective was thus to examine the relationship between being physically attacked and physical fighting with sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and non-condom use among adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from 43 low- and middle-income countries. Cross-sectional data from 127,513 adolescents participating in the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003–2016 were analyzed. Data on being physically attacked and physical fighting were assessed through self-report. Data on sexual behavior were collected as follows: (a) ever having had intercourse; among those who reported having had intercourse, (b) multiple (≥2) lifetime sexual partners, and (c) condom use in last sexual intercourse. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis with violence as the exposure and sexual behavior as the outcome, with odds ratios being estimated. Physical attack was dose-dependently and significantly associated with all three sexual behavior outcomes with it being associated with 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.16, 1.74]), 2.13 (95% CI = [1.39, 3.27]), and 1.48 (95% CI = [1.10, 2.00]) times higher odds for sexual intercourse, condom non-use, and multiple sex partners, respectively, when the highest category was compared with the lowest (i.e., ≥4 times vs. 0 times). As for physical fights, compared with not being in a fight in the past 12 months, being in a fight ≥4 times was associated with 2.34 (95% CI = [2.03, 2.70]) and 1.98 (95% CI = [1.56, 2.52]) times higher odds for sexual intercourse and multiple sex partners, respectively. In conclusion, in a large global sample of adolescents, physical attack and physical fight were associated with greater risk of engaging in sexual behavior. Multidimensional government programs and policies addressing violence in young adolescents may lead to reduction in early sexual debut and other risky sexual behavior.

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation and attempt among school going adolescents in Bhutan – a secondary analysis of a global school-based student health survey in Bhutan 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tashi Dema ◽  
Jaya Prasad Tripathy ◽  
Sangay Thinley ◽  
Manju Rani ◽  
Tshering Dhendup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Based ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Abstract Background Suicide is one of the leading causes of death and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) worldwide. The economic, emotional and human cost of suicidal behaviour to individuals, families, communities and society makes it a serious public health issue. We aim to determine the prevalence and factors associated with self-reported suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideation and attempt) among school going adolescents (13–17 years). Methods This is a secondary analysis of a nationally representative data for Bhutan namely Global School Based Student Health Survey in 2016 which reports on various dimensions of adolescent health including suicidal behaviour. The survey employed a multistage sampling method to recruit participants aged 13–17 years (n = 5809) from 50 schools (25 each in rural and urban area). The survey used an anonymous self-administered pre-tested 84-item questionnaire. Weighted analysis was done. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) have been presented with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results A total of 667 (11.6%) adolescents reported considering a suicide attempt whereas 656 (11.3%) reported attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Among those reporting suicidal ideation, 388 (58.6%) reported attempting a suicide and 274 (41.4%) had ideation alone, whereas, 247 (38.9%) reported attempting a suicide without previous ideation. Female sex, food insecurity, physical attack, sexual violence, bullying, feeling of loneliness, low parental engagement, reported worry about lack of sleep, urge to use drugs/alcohol, smokeless tobacco use, drug abuse and parental smoking were the factors associated with suicidal attempt. All these factors except smokeless tobacco use and parental smoking were associated with suicidal ideation. Having helpful/close friends was found to be protective against suicide ideation. Conclusion Suicidal behaviour among school going adolescents in Bhutan is high and alarming, especially among girls. Bullying, sexual violence, feeling of loneliness and drug abuse were some of the key risk factors identified. It is important to identify these risk factors early and effectively tackle them in order to prevent suicides. It requires a multi-faceted intervention with the support of the children, community, teachers and parents.

scholarly journals Marijuana use and suicidal behaviours among school-going adolescents in Africa: assessments of prevalence and risk factors from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. e100558
Author(s):  
John Tetteh ◽  
George Ekem-Ferguson ◽  
Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie ◽  
Swithin Mustapha Swaray ◽  
Martin Amogre Ayanore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Student Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Based ◽  
Suicide Planning

BackgroundMarijuana use among adolescents, including high school students, has been consistently reported to be associated with a high incidence of suicidal behaviours. Little empirical research has been conducted on the propensity impact of marijuana use on suicidal behaviours in Africa.AimsTo assess factors associated with marijuana use and further quantify marijuana use as an associated factor of suicidal behaviours, including repeated attempted suicide, suicidal ideation and suicide planning, among high school students in Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 802 school-going adolescents using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from 10 African countries grouped into West Africa, North Africa, South-East Africa, South Africa and East Africa subregions. Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were the main outcome variables. We employed double selection least absolute shrinkage and selection operator poisson regression model to assess risk factors associated with marijuana use and dominance analysis to establish ranked important and common risk factors. Inverse probability weighting poisson regression adjustment was applied to assess impact.ResultsThe prevalence of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were 3.7% (95% CI: 3.1 to 4.3) and 6.6% (95% CI: 5.9 to 7.4), respectively. The most important risk factor for marijuana use generally across the countries and specifically in three subregions was alcohol consumption, which constituted approximately 40% of the impact. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) indicated that marijuana use significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation, suicide planning and repeated attempted suicide by 12% (ATT=0.12 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.22)), 18% (ATT=0.18 (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.22)) and 31% (ATT=0.31 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.41)), respectively.ConclusionsMarijuana use was significantly associated with suicidal behaviours (suicidal ideation, planning and repeated attempted suicide) among the students. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.5 (to strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse), school-based psychosocial interventions should be streamlined to adequately assess and manage marijuana use. Targeting the most dominant risk factors in this population could translate into the reduction of suicidal behaviours in countries within Africa.

Factors Associated with Trichomoniasis, Candidiasis and Bacterial Vaginosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Hart
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dual Infections

Of 6125 women attending an STD clinic from 1988 to 1991, 5365 (88%) were tested for vaginitis of whom 97 (1.8%) had trichomoniasis, 945 (17.6%) had candidiasis, 734 (13.7%) had bacterial vaginosis and 3628 (67.6%) were free of vaginal infection. Dual infections occurred in 49 (0.9%) patients. Independent predictors for trichomoniasis by multivariate analysis were being pregnant (odds ratio (OR)=2.4), having vaginal discharge or dysuria (OR=4.7), being Aboriginal (OR=4.3), being Asian (OR=5.0), being unemployed (OR=2.1) or tattoed (OR=1.9). Many factors, including use of oral contraception (OR=1.2) and current antibiotic medication (OR=1.5), had a small significant association with candidiasis. Independent predictors for bacterial vaginosis were having multiple sex partners in the past month (OR=1.6), being unmarried (OR=1.5), being unemployed (OR=1.3) being a prostitute (OR=1.5) and not currently using antibiotic medication (OR=2.5). The epidemiological profiles were consistent with trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis being sexually transmitted diseases with epidemiology different from that of gonorrhoea and chlamydia and different from each other, and candidiasis being a disease in which constitutional factors are more important than issues relating to sexual transmission.

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