scholarly journals Combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products, combined product use, and periodontal disease: A cross-sectional JASTIS study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248989
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshioka ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background Combustible cigarettes have detrimental effects on periodontal disease. However, little evidence is available regarding new heated tobacco product (HTP) use and combined product use (both combustible cigarettes and HTPs). This study aimed to examine the association of combustible cigarettes, HTPs, and combined product use with periodontal disease simultaneously. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2019 arm of the longitudinal Japan “Society and New Tobacco” Internet Survey. Combustible cigarette users, HTP users, combined product users, never-users, and former users’ data were separately obtained. In the present study, the primary outcome was self-reported periodontal disease. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis after adjusting for 12 confounders. Results Of the 10,439 JASTIS respondents, the numbers of users of combustible cigarettes only, HTPs only, and both products were 1,304, 437, and 1,049, respectively. Compared with never-users, HTP use was significantly associated with the prevalence of self-reported periodontal diseases (PR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.62). Moreover, former users, combustible cigarette users, and combined product users also showed significant associations (PR 1.56, 95% CI 1.35–1.80; PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03–1.62; and PR 1.55, 95% CI 1.20–1.99, respectively). Conclusions Users of HTPs, combustible cigarettes, and combined products as well as former users were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases compared to never-users.

scholarly journals Characterization of Volatile Organic Compound Metabolites in Cigarette Smokers, Electronic Nicotine Device Users, Dual Users, and Nonusers of Tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J Keith ◽  
Jessica L Fetterman ◽  
Olusola A Orimoloye ◽  
Zeina Dardari ◽  
Pawel K Lorkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract Introduction Limited research exists about the possible cardiovascular effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We therefore sought to compare exposure to known or potentially cardiotoxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ENDS users, smokers, and dual users. Methods A total of 371 individuals from the Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use study, a cross-sectional study of healthy participants aged 21–45 years, were categorized as nonusers of tobacco (n = 87), sole ENDS users (n = 17), cigarette smokers (n = 237), and dual users (n = 30) based on 30-day self-reported tobacco product use patterns. Participants provided urine samples for VOC and nicotine metabolite measurement. We assessed associations between tobacco product use and VOC metabolite measures using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. Results Mean (SD) age of the population was 32 (±6.8) years, 55% men. Mean urinary cotinine level in nonusers of tobacco was 2.6 ng/mg creatinine, whereas cotinine levels were similar across all tobacco product use categories (851.6–910.9 ng/mg creatinine). In multivariable-adjusted models, sole ENDS users had higher levels of metabolites of acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and xylene compared with nonusers of tobacco, but lower levels of most VOC metabolites compared with cigarette smokers or dual users. In direct comparison of cigarettes smokers and dual users, we found lower levels of metabolites of styrene and xylene in dual users. Conclusion Although sole ENDS use may be associated with lower VOC exposure compared to cigarette smoking, further study is required to determine the potential health effects of the higher levels of certain reactive aldehydes, including acrolein, in ENDS users compared with nonusers of tobacco. Implications ENDS use in conjunction with other tobacco products may not significantly reduce exposure to VOC, but sole use does generally reduce some VOC exposure and warrants more in-depth studies.

scholarly journals Hospital admission and readmission among homeless patients with neurologic disease: Retraction and replacement

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (24) ◽  
pp. e2822-e2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Rosendale ◽  
Elan L. Guterman ◽  
John P. Betjemann ◽  
S. Andrew Josephson ◽  
Vanja C. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Inpatient Database

ObjectiveTo characterize the most common neurologic diagnoses leading to hospitalization for homeless compared to housed individuals and to assess whether homelessness is an independent risk factor for 30-day readmission after an admission for a neurologic illness.MethodsWe performed a retrospective serial cross-sectional study using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project California State Inpatient Database from 2006 to 2011. Adult patients with a primary neurologic discharge diagnosis were included. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine the association between homelessness and readmission after adjustment for patient factors.ResultsWe identified 1,082,347 patients with a neurologic primary diagnosis. The rate of homelessness was 0.37%. The most common indications for hospitalization among homeless patients were seizure and traumatic brain injury, both of which were more common in the homeless compared to housed population (19.3% vs 8.1% and 31.9% vs 9.2%, respectively, p < 0.001). A multilevel mixed-effects model controlling for patient age, sex, race, insurance type, comorbid conditions, and clustering on the hospital level found that homelessness was associated with increased 30-day readmission (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4–1.6, p < 0.001). This association persisted after this analysis was repeated within specific diagnoses (patients with epilepsy, trauma, encephalopathy, and neuromuscular disease).ConclusionThe most common neurologic reasons for admission among homeless patients are seizure and traumatic brain injury; these patients are at high risk for readmission. Future interventions should target the drivers of readmissions in this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Age and Social Disparities in the Use of Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Miyawaki ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Michael K Ong ◽  
Yusuke Tsugawa
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Using Data ◽  
University Degree

BACKGROUND The use of telemedicine outpatient visits has increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries. Although disparities in access to telemedicine by age and socioeconomic status (SES) have been well-documented, evidence is limited as to how these disparities changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the equity of patient access to telemedicine has been scarcely reported in Japan, despite the huge potential for telemedicine expansion. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate changes due to age and SES disparities in telemedicine use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. METHODS Using data from a large internet survey conducted between August 25 and September 30, 2020, in Japan, we examined the associations of participant age and SES (educational attainment, urbanicity of residence, and income level) with their telemedicine use in the following two time periods during the pandemic: April 2020 and August-September 2020. RESULTS Of the 24,526 participants aged 18 to 79 years (50.8% [n=12,446] women), the proportion of individuals who reported using telemedicine increased from 2.0% (n=497) in April 2020 to 4.7% (n=1159) in August-September 2020. After adjusting for potential confounders, younger individuals were more likely to use telemedicine than older individuals in April 2020. Although this pattern persisted in August-September 2020, we also observed a substantial increase in telemedicine use among individuals aged 70 to 79 years (adjusted rates, 0.2% in April 2020 vs 3.8% in August-September 2020; <i>P</i>&lt;.001 after multiple comparisons). We found disparities in telemedicine use by SES in August-September 2020 that did not exist in April 2020. In August-September 2020, individuals with a university degree were more likely to use telemedicine than those with a high school diploma or less (adjusted rates, 6.6% vs 3.5%; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Individuals living in urban areas exhibited higher rates of telemedicine use than those living in rural areas only in August-September 2020 (adjusted rates, 5.2% vs 3.8%; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Disparities in telemedicine use by income level were not observed in either time period. CONCLUSIONS In general, younger individuals increased their use of telemedicine compared to older individuals during the pandemic, although individuals in their 70s also increased their use of telemedicine. Disparities in telemedicine use by educational attainment and urbanicity of residence widened during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Demographic and Habitual Factors of Periodontal Disease among South Indian Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7910
Author(s):  
Siddharthan Selvaraj ◽  
Nyi Nyi Naing ◽  
Nadiah Wan-Arfah ◽  
Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Final Model ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Alcohol Habit

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a set of sociodemographic and habits measures on estimating periodontal disease among south Indian adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 288 individuals above 18 years old in Tamil Nadu, India. The outcome of the study was periodontal disease, measured by WHO criteria. The covariates were age, ethnicity, smoking and alcohol habit. The assessment of factors predicting periodontal disease was carried out by multiple logistic regression analysis using R version 3.6.1. The demographic factors like age group (AOR = 3.56; 95% CI 1.69–7.85), ethnicity (AOR = 6.07; 95% CI 2.27–18.37), non-alcoholic (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.64) and non-smoking (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.15–0.67) were found to be associated with the outcome. The maximum log likelihood estimate value was −30.5 and AIC was 385 for the final model, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the periodontal disease was 0.737. We can conclude that sociodemographic factors and habits were useful for predicting periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan: a cross-sectional study in 2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024615
Author(s):  
Kensaku Shojima ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Probability Weighting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Free Status

ObjectivesRecently, the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly passed an ordinance prohibiting smoking in private homes and cars if children are present. However, no previous study has investigated existing, voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan. Therefore, we examined prevalence and determinants of comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingInternet survey data with adjustments using inverse probability weighting for ‘being a respondent in an internet survey’.Participants5600 respondents aged 15–69 years in 2015 were analysed to estimate weighted percentages and prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs of having comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules.Main outcome measuresRespondents who answered ‘smoking is never allowed’ in their home and car were defined as having home and car smoke-free rules.ResultsOverall, 47.0% (95% CI=45.8% to 48.3%) of respondents implemented comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules. People who agreed with ‘smoking relieves stress’ were less likely to have comprehensive smoke-free rules (PR=0.76, 0.71 to 0.82), especially among ever-users of electronic nicotine delivery systems (PR=0.49, 0.30 to 0.81). Higher education was significantly associated with higher PR for comprehensive smoke-free rules (PR=1.30, 1.19 to 1.41). Living with children was significantly associated with higher PR for smoke-free rules among current smokers than not living with children (PR=2.91, 1.99 to 4.27).ConclusionsIn Japan, about 50% of respondents had voluntary smoke-free rules in the home and car. Information on current voluntary smoke-free rules will be useful as baseline information on home and car smoke-free status before enforcement of the 2018 Tokyo home and car smoke-free legislation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of knowledge and practice behaviors of a group of Iranian obstetricians, general practitioners, and midwives, regarding periodontal disease and its effect on the pregnancy outcome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Golkari ◽  
Hengameh Khosropanah ◽  
Faezeh Saadati
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

<em>Background</em>. Periodontal disease is considered as a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight. Only few studies have assessed the knowledge and practice behaviours of healthcare providers, concerning oral health during pregnancy, periodontal diseases and their role in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to compare the knowledge and practice behaviours of a group of Iranian obstetricians, general practitioners, and midwives about periodontal disease.<br /><em>Design and methods.</em> A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, structured questionnaire that was previously used in North Carolina. The questionnaire was translated into Persian language and was randomly distributed among 200 obstetricians, general practitioners, and midwives participating in an international congress. Data were analysed by Chi-square and spearman correlation tests using SPSS statistical software (version PASW 18).<br /><em>Results</em>. A total of 150 completed the questionnaires, achieving a response rate of 75%. Totally, the knowledge of the obstetricians was more accurate compared to the two other groups and the midwives were the worst. More experienced general practitioners (P=0.002) and obstetricians (P=0.049) did less dental examinations for their patients during their first visit or periodically. More experienced obstetricians also referred their patients for dental examinations during pregnancy less than their less experienced colleagues (P&lt;0.001).<br /><em>Conclusions</em>. Although the participants had some knowledge about periodontal disease and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes, there is much space for improvements. The participants’ attitude and knowledge were consistent.<br />

scholarly journals The Association between Periodontal Disease on Pregnancy and the Incidence of Preterm Labor

2012 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Andoharman Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To determine the association between periodontal disease on pregnancy and the incidence of preterm labor. Method: This was a cross sectional study. We enrolled sixty subjects, which then divided into two groups. One group comparised of thirty pregnant women preterm delivery and thirty women with preterm pregnancy. Subjects were chosen by consecutive sampling method. The subject’s teeth except Molar III were evaluated for probing depth, bleeding on probing, calculus, and the results were interpreted according to CPITN (WHO,1997). Evaluation were conducted at Dental and Oral Health Clinic at Sanglah Hospital and Gianyar Hospital. Results: The subjects characteristic was not different between the two groups, hence its influence could be avoided. Using Chi-Square test, we found that periodontal disease on pregnant women was associated with preterm birth, with prevalence ratio of 2.30 (CI 95% 1.69-3.13, p=0.011). Conclusion: Diseases on pregnant mother is associated with the incidence of preterm labor. Periodontal diseases is found twice as many in women with preterm labor compared to pregnant woman who did not experienced any signs of preterm labor. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-2: 85-9] Keywords: periodontal disease, preterm birth

scholarly journals The Association of Energy Poverty with Health and Wellbeing in Children in a Mediterranean City

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5961
Author(s):  
Laura Oliveras ◽  
Carme Borrell ◽  
Irene González-Pijuan ◽  
Mercè Gotsens ◽  
María José López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Children have been identified as being particularly vulnerable to energy poverty (EP), but little empirical research has addressed the effect of EP on children’s health and wellbeing, especially in southern Europe. In this work we aimed to provide an in-depth description of the distribution of EP by sociodemographic, socioeconomic and housing characteristics, as well as to analyse the association between EP and health and wellbeing in children in Barcelona. We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the Barcelona Health Survey for 2016 (n = 481 children under 15 years). We analysed the association between EP and health outcomes through prevalence differences and prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI), using Poisson regression models with robust variance. In Barcelona, 10.6% of children were living in EP and large inequalities were found by sociodemographic, socioeconomic and housing characteristics. EP was strongly associated with poor health in children (PR (95% CI): 7.70 (2.86, 20.72)). Living in EP was also associated with poor mental health (PR (95% CI): 2.46 (1.21, 4.99)) and with more cases of asthma (PR (95% CI): 4.19 (1.47, 11.90)) and overweight (PR (95% CI): 1.50 (1.05, 2.15)) in children. It is urgent to develop specific measures to avoid such serious and unfair health effects on children.

scholarly journals Awareness Regarding the Effects of Periodontal Diseases on Coronary Heart System among Cardiologists in Tabriz, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Atabak Kashefimehr ◽  
Masoumeh Faramarzi ◽  
Adileh Shirmohammadi ◽  
Ali Zarandi ◽  
Sina Ilkhan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Medical And Dental Students

Background and aims. Periodontal disease is common among adults and is a potential source of chronic inflammation. Recent data have suggested an important role for chronic inflammation in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to address cardiologists’ knowledge regarding the effects of periodontal diseases on coronary heart system. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was designed for cardiologists in Tabriz, Iran. A total of 54 cardiologists participated in the study. Each participant was given a self-administered questionnaire. It was a closed-ended questionnaire with responses presented as yes/no/don’t know choices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. Cardiologists’ knowledge about periodontal disease was moderate. Eighty-two percent of cardiologists agreed that inflammation is a key component between periodontal disease and CHD; 76% agreed that controlling infection and inflammation is important for managing CHD and 62% reported not receiving any education on oral healthcare. Eighty percent of cardiologists believed that medical and dental students should be trained to work collaboratively. Conclusion. It is important for educators and administrators in higher education to examine the need for interprofessional education and collaboration between medicine and dentistry.

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