scholarly journals Voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan: a cross-sectional study in 2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024615
Author(s):  
Kensaku Shojima ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Probability Weighting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Free Status

ObjectivesRecently, the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly passed an ordinance prohibiting smoking in private homes and cars if children are present. However, no previous study has investigated existing, voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan. Therefore, we examined prevalence and determinants of comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingInternet survey data with adjustments using inverse probability weighting for ‘being a respondent in an internet survey’.Participants5600 respondents aged 15–69 years in 2015 were analysed to estimate weighted percentages and prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs of having comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules.Main outcome measuresRespondents who answered ‘smoking is never allowed’ in their home and car were defined as having home and car smoke-free rules.ResultsOverall, 47.0% (95% CI=45.8% to 48.3%) of respondents implemented comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules. People who agreed with ‘smoking relieves stress’ were less likely to have comprehensive smoke-free rules (PR=0.76, 0.71 to 0.82), especially among ever-users of electronic nicotine delivery systems (PR=0.49, 0.30 to 0.81). Higher education was significantly associated with higher PR for comprehensive smoke-free rules (PR=1.30, 1.19 to 1.41). Living with children was significantly associated with higher PR for smoke-free rules among current smokers than not living with children (PR=2.91, 1.99 to 4.27).ConclusionsIn Japan, about 50% of respondents had voluntary smoke-free rules in the home and car. Information on current voluntary smoke-free rules will be useful as baseline information on home and car smoke-free status before enforcement of the 2018 Tokyo home and car smoke-free legislation.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic mitral valve association with morphometric measurements in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels via Inverse Probability Weighting analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARA BAGARDI ◽  
Sara Ghilardi ◽  
Chiara Locatelli ◽  
Arianna Bionda ◽  
Michele Polli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Inverse Probability Weighting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Probability Weighting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Mitral Disease

Development and progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are difficult to predict. Identification at a young age of dogs with a morphotype associated with more severe mitral disease is desirable. The aims of this study were to: 1) describe the physical, morphometric, and echocardiographic features of MMVD affected Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) in American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) class B1; 2) evaluate the influence of morphometric physical measurements on murmur intensity, mitral valve prolapse (MVP), regurgitant jet size and indexed mitral valve and annulus measurements. Fifty-two MMVD affected CKCS in ACVIM class B1 were included. This is a prospective clinical cross-sectional study. Morphometric measurements, which included body, thorax, and the head sizing of each dog, have been investigated to establish the association with heart murmur intensity, valvular and annular echocardiographic measurements, MVP and regurgitant jet size using inverse probability weighting (IPW) analyses to adjust for confounding. The IPW analyses showed that when head length and nose length decreased, dogs had more severe regurgitant jet size. Furthermore, subjects with more pronounced head stop angle had thicker anterior mitral valve leaflets. A brachycephalic morphotype, with dogs more similar to King Charles Spaniel breed in cephalic morphology, is associated with a more severe regurgitant jet size and with valvular characteristics related to worse forms of MMVD.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome in Patients of a Psychosocial Care Center in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandara Almeida Reis da Almeida Reis da Silva ◽  
Ludmila Santana de Almeida ◽  
Livia Lugarinho Correa ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll Pimentel ◽  
Antonio Marcos Tosoli Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Adult Treatment Panel ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with a greater risk of morbimortality. Ob-jective: To estimate the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and associated factors in patients of a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) in the city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study set at CAPS in the city of Salvador-Bahia, between August 2019 and February 2020. MS was evaluated according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III. In addition to descriptive statistics, gross and adjusted prevalence ratios were described. Results: MS was found in 100 (35.2%) individuals, 116 (40.9%) were obese and 165 (58.1%) had increased waist circumference. Polypharmacy was identified in 63 (22.3%) patients and 243 (85.9%) used antipsychotics. In the gross evaluation, the female (PR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.35-2.63) and the use of antidepressants (PR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.05-1.88) were associated with MS. After logistic re-gression, depression (PR = 1.86; 95%CI: 1.38-2.51), acanthosis (PR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.18 - 1.90), use of antipsychotics (PR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.13 - 2.75) and the hypertriglyceremic waist (PR = 3.33; 95%CI: 2.48- 4.46) were associated with MS. Conclusion: The prevalence of MS alerts to multimorbidity among individuals with mental disorders and the need for clinical screening.

scholarly journals Combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products, combined product use, and periodontal disease: A cross-sectional JASTIS study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248989
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshioka ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background Combustible cigarettes have detrimental effects on periodontal disease. However, little evidence is available regarding new heated tobacco product (HTP) use and combined product use (both combustible cigarettes and HTPs). This study aimed to examine the association of combustible cigarettes, HTPs, and combined product use with periodontal disease simultaneously. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2019 arm of the longitudinal Japan “Society and New Tobacco” Internet Survey. Combustible cigarette users, HTP users, combined product users, never-users, and former users’ data were separately obtained. In the present study, the primary outcome was self-reported periodontal disease. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis after adjusting for 12 confounders. Results Of the 10,439 JASTIS respondents, the numbers of users of combustible cigarettes only, HTPs only, and both products were 1,304, 437, and 1,049, respectively. Compared with never-users, HTP use was significantly associated with the prevalence of self-reported periodontal diseases (PR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.62). Moreover, former users, combustible cigarette users, and combined product users also showed significant associations (PR 1.56, 95% CI 1.35–1.80; PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03–1.62; and PR 1.55, 95% CI 1.20–1.99, respectively). Conclusions Users of HTPs, combustible cigarettes, and combined products as well as former users were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases compared to never-users.

scholarly journals Having children is associated with a higher prevalence of COVID-19 among young adults in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Altamimi ◽  
Zain Almokhaizeem ◽  
Heba Alfouzan ◽  
Bedour AlHajri ◽  
Deema Alenezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Objectives: The role of children in the transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. We investigated whether having children is associated with self-reported COVID-19 among adults. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled adults (n=2368; aged ≥21 years). Prior COVID-19 diagnosis and having children were self-reported. Associations were assessed using Poisson regression and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: Overall, 4.8% (114/2355) of the participants reported having had COVID-19. In the total sample, having children showed a trend for association with having had COVID-19 (aPR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.99-2.14). Among participants aged 21-29 years, having children was associated with an increased prevalence of COVID-19 (aPR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.21-5.20). Such an association was not detected in adults aged ≥30 years. Conclusions: Our epidemiological findings highlight the possible role of children in spreading COVID-19. Hence, preventive measures should consider the role of children.

scholarly journals Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and first lockdown on pregnancy monitoring in France: the COVIMATER cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Doncarli ◽  
Lucia Araujo-Chaveron ◽  
Catherine Crenn-Hebert ◽  
Virginie Demiguel ◽  
Julie Boudet-Berquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background In the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, consultations and pregnancy monitoring examinations had to be reorganised urgently. In addition, women themselves may have postponed or cancelled their medical monitoring for organisational reasons, for fear of contracting the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) or for other reasons of their own. Delayed care can have deleterious consequences for both the mother and the child. Our objective was therefore to study the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the first lockdown in France on voluntary changes by pregnant women in the medical monitoring of their pregnancy and the associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2020 using a web-questionnaire completed by 500 adult (> 18 years old) pregnant women during the first French lockdown (March–May 2020). A robust variance Poisson regression model was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs). Results Almost one women of five (23.4%) reported having voluntarily postponed or foregone at least one consultation or pregnancy check-up during the lockdown. Women who were professionally inactive (aPR = 1.98, CI95%[1.24–3.16]), who had experienced serious disputes or violence during the lockdown (1.47, [1.00–2.16]), who felt they received little or no support (1.71, [1.07–2.71]), and those who changed health professionals during the lockdown (1.57, [1.04–2.36]) were all more likely to have voluntarily changed their pregnancy monitoring. Higher level of worry about the pandemic was associated with a lower probability of voluntarily changing pregnancy monitoring (0.66, [0.46–0.96]). Conclusions Our results can guide prevention and support policies for pregnant women in the current and future pandemics.

scholarly journals Influence of Morphometry on Echocardiographic Measurements in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: An Inverse Probability Weighting Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Mara Bagardi ◽  
Sara Ghilardi ◽  
Chiara Locatelli ◽  
Arianna Bionda ◽  
Michele Polli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Inverse Probability Weighting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Probability Weighting ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Mitral Disease

The development and progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are difficult to predict. Thus, the identification of dogs with a morphotype associated with more severe mitral disease at a young age is desirable. The aims of this study were to: (1) describe the physical, morphometric, and echocardiographic features of class B1 MMVD-affected Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines; (2) evaluate the influence of morphometric physical measurements on murmur intensity, mitral valve prolapse (MVP), regurgitant jet size, and indexed mitral valve and annulus measurements. Fifty-two MMVD-affected CKCS were included in the ACVIM class B1. This is a prospective clinical cross-sectional study. Morphometric measurements, which included the body, thorax, and head sizes of each dog, were investigated to establish the association with heart murmur intensity, valvular and annular echocardiographic measurements, MVP, and regurgitant jet size, using inverse probability weighting (IPW) analyses to adjust for confounding. The IPW analyses showed that when the head length and nose length decreased, dogs had a more severe regurgitant jet size. Furthermore, subjects with a more pronounced head stop angle had thicker anterior mitral valve leaflets. A brachycephalic morphotype, as seen in dogs similar to the King Charles Spaniel breed in terms of cephalic morphology, is associated with a more severe regurgitant jet size and with valvular characteristics that are related to the most severe forms of MMVD.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DOS FATORES DETERMINANTES À REALIZAÇÃO DA EPISIOTOMIA NO PARTO VAGINAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Dias Nunes ◽  
Amanda De Vasconcelos Mapelli ◽  
Nazaré Otília Nazário ◽  
Eliane Traebert ◽  
Mayara Seemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Objetivo: O estudo objetiva conhecer os fatores associados à realização da episiotomia no parto vaginal. Metodologia: Estudo transversal envolvendo 330 partos, de janeiro/2012 a dezembro/2013. Estudou-se a associação das variáveis independentes com a realização da episiotomia por meio de cálculo de razões de prevalência e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança, com nível de significância p < 0,05. Resultados: Na amostra estudada, 224 (67,9%) pacientes não realizaram episiotomia e 106 (32,1%) realizaram o procedimento. A idade média foi de 22,9 (± 5,9) anos e a episiotomia foi mais realizada naquelas com idade inferior a 20 anos [RP 1,61 (IC 95% 1,15; 2,25)] (p = 0,005). As mulheres com mais de 8 anos completos de estudo foram significativamente mais submetidas à episiotomia que as demais [RP 2,34 (IC 95% 1,70; 3,22)] (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A realização da episiotomia nesta população ocorreu com maior prevalência nas parturientes mais jovens e com maior escolaridade.Descritores: Episiotomia; Fatores associados; Parto vaginalEVALUATION OF THE DETERMINANT FACTORS TO EPISIOTOMY IN VAGINAL DELIVERYObjective: This study aims to evaluate the factors associated with its performance in vaginal delivery. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 330 births, from January / 2012 to December / 2013. The association of the independente variables with episiotomy was calculated by prevalence ratios and their respective confidence intervals, with significance level p < 0.05. Results: In the studied sample, 224 (67.9%) patients did not undergo episiotomy and 106 (32.1%) had the procedure. The mean age was 22.9 ± 5.9 years and the episiotomy was more frequently performed in those younger than 20 years old [PR 1.61 (95% CI 1.15; 2.25)] (p = 0.005). Women with more than 8 years of education were significantly more likely to undergo episiotomy than the others [PR 2.34 (95% CI 1.70; 3.22)] (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The episiotomy, in this population, occured more likely in younger and more educated parturients.Descriptors: Episiotomy; Associated factors; Vaginal birthEVALUACIÓN DE LOS FACTORES DETERMINANTES A LA REALIZACIÓN DE LA EPISIOTOMÍA EN EL PARTO VAGINALObjetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo conocer los factores asociados a la realización de la episiotomía en el parto vaginal. Metodología: Estudio transversal que involucra 330 partos, de enero/2012 a diciembre/2013, para la asociación de las variables independientes con la episiotomía por razones de prevalencia y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza, con p <0,05. Resultados: En la muestra, 224 (67,9%) pacientes no realizaron episiotomía y 106 (32,1%) realizaron el procedimiento. La edad media fue de 22,9 (± 5,9) años y la episiotomía fue más realizada en aquellas con edad inferior a 20 años [RP 1,61 (IC 95% 1,15, 2,25)] (p = 0,005) ). Las mujeres con más de 8 años completos de estudio fueron significativamente más sometidas a la episiotomía que las demás [RP 2,34 (IC 95% 1,70; 3,22)] (p <0,001). Conclusión: La realización de la episiotomía ocurrió con mayor prevalencia en las parturientas más jóvenes y con mayor escolaridad.Descriptores: Episiotomía; Factores asociados; Parto vaginal

scholarly journals Screening for Common Mental Disorders Using the SRQ-20 in Medical Students from Porto Velho-RO, Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Rosely Valéria Rodrigues ◽  
Antônio Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Christopher Harrison Salomão Andrade ◽  
Israel Carlos Cavalcanti De Lima ◽  
Vitor Marcelo Frez Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Porto Velho

Aims: To investigate the prevalence of common mental disorders among medical students at the Federal University of Rondônia Foundation. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Federal University of Rondônia Foundation (UNIR), in October 2019. Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2019, using a questionnaire adapted with the Self-Report Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20). Sample: 116 students, 56 females and 60 males, from different periods completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of positive results in the SRQ-20 and the variance of positive responses were verified. Results: The prevalence of positive results for the SRQ-20 was estimated at 69.8% (95% CI 61.0-78.6; 81 cases). No difference was found in the proportions of positive results for the variables analyzed (p >.05). There was no significant association between the calculated prevalence ratios and the factors analyzed (p >.05). The symptoms related to the reduction in vital energy showed the highest average amount of positive responses (76 [± 10.4]; p <.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of positive results for the SRQ-20 observed in our study was much higher than the average reported for Brazilian medical students. The number of students who said they thought about suicide was also high. We understand that these findings reinforce the need for the development and implementation of medical students' mental health care programs to identify, monitor, and, if possible, adequately treat these cases.

scholarly journals Use of Multiple Tobacco and Tobacco-Like Products Including Heated Tobacco and E-Cigarettes in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of the 2017 JASTIS Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2161
Author(s):  
Takefumi Sugiyama ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Current Product ◽  
Baseline Information

Information on the use of multiple tobacco and tobacco-like products (hereafter multiple tobacco products use, i.e., use of more than one product) is important for tobacco control. Use of heated tobacco products (HTPs), which first became popular in Japan, has been spreading over the world, while information about use of multiple tobacco products, including HTPs, is insufficient. We analyzed data of 10,114 responders from the 2017 Japan “Society and New Tobacco” Internet Survey (JASTIS) study. The prevalence and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of multiple tobacco products use were estimated with inverse probability weighting using multivariable logistic regression models to approximate the results to whole Japanese estimates. Tobacco and tobacco-like products included cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, HTPs, pipes/water pipes, and smokeless tobacco products. Among Japanese adults, 18.4% were single tobacco product users and 3.2% were multiple tobacco product users in 2017. Among current product users (100%), cigarettes were the most popular product in single (78.8%) and multiple (14.2%) tobacco products use, while HTPs were the second most popular product in single (5.2%) and multiple (10.6%) tobacco products use. People with no perception of risk regarding e-cigarettes/HTPs were more likely to use multiple tobacco products (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.12–1.92) than those who perceived a risk. Prevalence rates and predictors of multiple tobacco products use, including HTPs, were studied first. In multiple tobacco products use, high popularity of HTPs among current product users was revealed. Risk perception of e-cigarettes/HTPs was associated with multiple tobacco products use. This study provides baseline information on multiple tobacco products use in Japan, which will enable the examination of trends in the future.

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