scholarly journals Surface roughness, plaque accumulation, and cytotoxicity of provisional restorative materials fabricated by different methods

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249551
Author(s):  
Rashin Giti ◽  
Shima Dabiri ◽  
Mohammad Motamedifar ◽  
Reza Derafshi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Group ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Additive Methods

Fabricating method may affect the surface properties and biological characteristics of provisional restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness, plaque accumulation, and cytotoxicity of provisional restorative materials fabricated by the conventional, digital subtractive and additive methods. Sixty-six bar-shaped specimens (2×4×10 mm) were fabricated by using provisional restorative materials through the conventional, digital subtractive and additive methods (n = 22 per group). Ten specimens of each group were used for surface roughness and plaque accumulation tests, 10 specimens for cytotoxicity assay, and 2 specimens of each group were used for qualitative assessment by scanning electron microscopy. The Ra (roughness average) and Rz (roughness height) values (μm) were measured via profilometer, and visual inspection was performed through scanning electron microscopy. Plaque accumulation of Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblast-like cells were evaluated. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Surface roughness, biofilm accumulation and cytotoxicity were significantly different among the groups (P<0.05). Surface roughness was significantly higher in the conventional group (P<0.05); however, the two other groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Significantly higher bacterial attachment was observed in the additive group than the subtractive (P<0.001) and conventional group (P = 0.025); while, the conventional and subtractive groups were statistically similar (P = 0.111). Regarding the cytotoxicity, the additive group had significantly higher cell viability than the subtractive group (P = 0.006); yet, the conventional group was not significantly different from the additive (P = 0.354) and subtractive group (P = 0.101). Surface roughness was the highest in conventionally cured group; but, the additive group had the most plaque accumulation and lowest cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Enamel Surface Roughness from Different Polishing Methods: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Kiatanan Sugsompian ◽  
Ratchawan Tansalarak ◽  
Thosapol Piyapattamin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Objective This study aimed to compare the enamel surface roughness created by four polishing methods after debonding, by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods Four experimental polishing groups (Sof-Lex disc, SD; sandblaster, SB; tungsten carbide bur, TB; and white stone bur, WB) and one control group were selected from 100 premolars (n = 20/group). The experimental teeth were bonded with a bracket, thermocycled, and debonded. Residual adhesive was removed by either of the respective methods. Pre and postdebonding root mean square (Rq) values were obtained from AFM evaluations. All specimens were examined and evaluated with SEM using a modified enamel surface index (modified ESI). Statistical Analysis Differences among the polishing methods were compared with analysis of variance and Fisher’s least significant difference test at p < 0.05. Results Both microscopic evaluations indicated that the surface with the greatest roughness herein belonged to the SD group, followed by that for SB, TB, and WB groups. AFM measurements indicated a maximum postdebonding Rq herein for the WB group and a significantly greater surface roughness for the TB and WB groups than for the SD and SB groups. Among the experimental groups, SEM followed by modified ESI evaluations revealed similar data to those obtained with AFM. Significant differences were seen among all paired groups, except for that between the SB and TB groups. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, all four polishing methods were concluded to be clinically acceptable for removing residual orthodontic adhesives.

Morphological changes of Branched Ge Clusters caused by Diffusion Fields and Surface Roughness of Au Underlayer

1995 ◽  
Vol 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sugawara ◽  
T. Kikukawa ◽  
Y. Haga ◽  
O. Nittono
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Evolution Mechanism ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThe formation of polycrystalline Ge clusters, during annealing of amorphous Ge/polycrystalline Au bilayers, has been studied by in-situ transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The experimentally observed generation of branching patterns, and the evolution mechanism of branches, are discussed on the basis of finite diffusion length aggregation simulations.

scholarly journals Bacterial Adhesion and Surface Roughness for Different Clinical Techniques for Acrylic Polymethyl Methacrylate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Costa de Medeiros Dantas ◽  
João Paulo da Silva-Neto ◽  
Talita Souza Dantas ◽  
Lucas Zago Naves ◽  
Flávio Domingues das Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Fabrication Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Roughness Measurements ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study sought to assess the effect of different surface finishing and polishing protocols on the surface roughness and bacterial adhesion (S. sanguinis) to polymethyl methacrylates (PMMA). Fifty specimens were divided into 5 groups (n=10) according to their fabrication method and surface finishing protocol: LP (3 : 1 ratio and laboratory polishing), NF (Nealon technique and finishing), NP (Nealon technique and manual polishing), MF (3 : 1 ratio and manual finishing), and MP (3 : 1 ratio and manual polishing). For each group, five specimens were submitted to bacterial adhesion tests and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two additional specimens were subjected to surface topography analysis by SEM and the remaining three specimens were subjected to surface roughness measurements. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA. The mean bacterial counts were as follows: NF,19.6±3.05; MP,5.36±2.08; NP,4.96±1.93; MF,7.36±2.45; and LP,1.56±0.62(CFU). The mean surface roughness values were as follows: NF,3.23±0.15; MP,0.52±0.05; NP,0.60±0.08; MF,2.69±0.12; and LP,0.07±0.02(μm). A reduction in the surface roughness was observed to be directly related to a decrease in bacterial adhesion. It was verified that the laboratory processing of PMMA might decrease the surface roughness and consequently the adhesion ofS. sanguinisto this material.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and Roughness Study of Dental Composite Degradation

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Eduardo Silva Soares ◽  
Louise Ribeiro Cortez ◽  
Raquel de Oliveira Zarur ◽  
Airton Abrahão Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractOur aim was to test the hypothesis that the use of mouthwashes, consumption of soft drinks, as well as the type of light curing unit (LCU), would change the surface roughness (Ra) and morphology of a nanofilled composite resin (Z350® 3M ESPE). Samples (80) were divided into eight groups: Halogen LCU, group 1, saliva (control); group 2, Pepsi Twist®; group 3, Listerine®; group 4, Colgate Plax®; LED LCU, group 5, saliva; group 6, Pepsi Twist®; group 7, Listerine®; group 8, Colgate Plax®. Ra values were measured at baseline, and after 7 and 14 days. One specimen of each group was prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis after 14 days. The data were subjected to multifactor analysis of variance at a 95% confidence followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference post-hoc test. All the treatments resulted in morphological changes in composite resin surface, and the most significant change was in Pepsi Twist® groups. The samples of G6 had the greatest increase in Ra. The immersion of nanofilled resin in mouthwashes with alcohol and soft drink increases the surface roughness. Polymerization by halogen LCU (reduced light intensity) associated with alcohol contained mouthwash resulted in significant roughness on the composite.

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