scholarly journals Prediction of suicidal ideation and attempt in 9 and 10 year-old children using transdiagnostic risk features

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252114
Author(s):  
Gareth Harman ◽  
Dakota Kliamovich ◽  
Angelica M. Morales ◽  
Sydney Gilbert ◽  
Deanna M. Barch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Case Control Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

The objective of the current study was to build predictive models for suicidal ideation in a sample of children aged 9–10 using features previously implicated in risk among older adolescent and adult populations. This case-control analysis utilized baseline data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, collected from 21 research sites across the United States (N = 11,369). Several regression and ensemble learning models were compared on their ability to classify individuals with suicidal ideation and/or attempt from healthy controls, as assessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Present and Lifetime Version. When comparing control participants (mean age: 9.92±0.62 years; 4944 girls [49%]) to participants with suicidal ideation (mean age: 9.89±0.63 years; 451 girls [40%]), both logistic regression with feature selection and elastic net without feature selection predicted suicidal ideation with an AUC of 0.70 (CI 95%: 0.70–0.71). The random forest with feature selection trained to predict suicidal ideation predicted a holdout set of children with a history of suicidal ideation and attempt (mean age: 9.96±0.62 years; 79 girls [41%]) from controls with an AUC of 0.77 (CI 95%: 0.76–0.77). Important features from these models included feelings of loneliness and worthlessness, impulsivity, prodromal psychosis symptoms, and behavioral problems. This investigation provided an unprecedented opportunity to identify suicide risk in youth. The use of machine learning to examine a large number of predictors spanning a variety of domains provides novel insight into transdiagnostic factors important for risk classification.

scholarly journals Case-control Analysis ofClostridium difficile—Associated Diarrhea on a Gynecologic Oncology Service

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Waggoner ◽  
James Barter ◽  
Gregorio Delgado ◽  
Willard Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Ofclostridium Difficile ◽  
History Of ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Objective:The incidence, morbidity, and risk factors associated withClostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) were studied in a group of gynecologic oncology patients.Methods:A case-control analysis of gynecologic oncology patients with CDAD was carried out from August 1986 through January 1989 in a university medical center.Results:One hundred twenty-three stool samples were tested forC. difficileusing the CDT latex agglutination test (Marion Diagnostics, Kansas City, MO). Thirty episodes of CDAD developed in 23 patients. From August 1986 through July 1988, the incidence was stable at 1.5 episodes/100 admissions. From August 1988 through January 1989, the incidence increased to 9.9 episodes/100 admissions (P= 0.005). Compared with patients with nonspecific antibiotic-associated diarrhea, the study patients were hospitalized longer prior to the development of symptoms (mean 15.2 vs. 9.2 days,P= 0.006) and were admitted more frequently with diarrhea (37% vs. 11%,P= 0.015). The rates of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy were similar. Fever (57% vs. 14%,P< 0.001), abdominal pain (40% vs. 6%,P< 0.001), bloody stools (27% vs. 3%,P= 0.006), and leukocytosis (64% vs. 26%,P= 0.011) were more common among the study cases. The duration, indication, and number of antibiotics administered were similar, though once started, the mean time to symptoms was longer in the study cases (13.7 vs. 6.1 days,P= 0.004). Seven relapses, 1 death, and 1 unplanned colostomy occurred among women with CDAD.Conclusions: C. difficileis a serious cause of nosocomial morbidity in gynecologic oncology patients. Diarrhea developing after antibiotic exposure is more likely to be associated withC. difficilein patients whose symptoms develop several days after completing antibiotics and in patients with a history of CDAD.

Outcome of Pregnancy in Italian Patients with Primary Sjögren Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1143-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Priori ◽  
Angelica Gattamelata ◽  
Mariagrazia Modesti ◽  
Serena Colafrancesco ◽  
Silvia Frisenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Multicenter Cohort ◽  
Cesarean Births ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Objective.To investigate pregnancy and fetal outcomes in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).Methods.An obstetric history of 36 women with established diagnosis of pSS at pregnancy was obtained from a multicenter cohort of 1075 patients. In a subgroup case-control analysis, 12 deliveries in patients with pSS were compared with 96 control deliveries.Results.Thirty-six women (31 with anti-SSA/Ro and/or anti-SSB/La antibodies) with an established diagnosis of pSS had 45 pregnancies with the delivery of 40 newborns. Two miscarriages, 2 fetal deaths, and 1 induced abortion were recorded. Mean age at the first pregnancy was 33.9 years; mean number of pregnancies was 1.25; 18/40 (45%) cesarean births were delivered; mean pregnancy length was 38.5 weeks (range 32–43), with 6 preterm deliveries. The mean Apgar score at 5 min was 8.9, mean birthweight was 2920 g (range 826–4060 g). Congenital heart block (CHB) occurred in 2/40 (5%) newborns. The reported rate of breastfeeding for at least 1 month was 60.5%. In 4/40 pregnancies (10%) a flare of disease activity was observed within a year from delivery. In the case-control subgroup analysis, 12 deliveries were compared with 96 controls and no significant differences were found.Conclusion.Patients with pSS can have successful pregnancies, which might be followed by a mild relapse. CHB was the only cause of death for offspring of mothers with pSS.

Abstract 87: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Z Obeidat ◽  
Padmini Sekar ◽  
Charles J Moomaw ◽  
Sharyl R Martini ◽  
Jennifer Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as post-stroke depression. Some studies have reported an association between SSRI use and increased bleeding risk, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We evaluated this association in two large ICH case control studies. We also tested to see whether SSRI use potentiates the bleeding risk associated with warfarin use and prior ischemic stroke. Methods: ICH cases and controls from the Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke (GERFHS) and Ethnic Racial Variations in ICH (ERICH) studies were combined in an unmatched case-control analysis. SSRI use and variables previously associated with ICH risk were tested in univariate and multivariate analyses. Interaction terms for SSRI use plus warfarin use and SSRI use plus prior ischemic stroke were included. Results: There were 4134 ICH cases with 303 pre-stroke SSRI users (7.3%) and 4945 controls with 419 SSRI users (8.5%). Results of the multivariate analysis are presented in the table. In univariate analysis, SSRI use was protective (OR 0.85, CI 0.73-1.00, p = .05), however in multivariate analysis this became non-significant. Although the combination of an SSRI and warfarin produced a higher point estimate for ICH risk than warfarin alone, the interaction term did not reach significance (p = .09). There was no interaction found for SSRI use plus history of ischemic stroke. Conclusions: In this large case control analysis, SSRI use was not associated with increased risk of ICH. We also failed to confirm an interaction between SSRI use, warfarin use, and ICH risk, although a modest effect cannot be excluded. While a history of ischemic stroke is a risk factor for ICH, SSRI use did not increase that risk.

Ambient UVB and Melanoma Risk in the United States: A Case-Control Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Suzanne Lea ◽  
Joseph A. Scotto ◽  
Patricia A. Buffler ◽  
Judith Fine ◽  
Raymond L. Barnhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Melanoma Risk ◽  
Case Control Analysis

scholarly journals Children at risk of giardiasis in Auckland: a case–control analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. HOQUE ◽  
V. T. HOPE ◽  
R. SCRAGG ◽  
T. KJELLSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Case Control Analysis

The incidence rate of giardiasis in New Zealand is one of the highest among developed countries, peaking in the 1–4 year age group. A case–control study was undertaken to identify risk factors for giardiasis among Auckland children under 5 years of age. The exposure history of 69 cases and 98 controls were analysed. Ninety-five per cent cases and 86% controls used water from the Auckland Metropolitan mains (AMM) supply for domestic purpose, 44 cases and 42 controls swam and 59 cases and 54 controls wore nappies. Children wearing nappies were at significantly increased risk of the disease (OR=3·0, 95% CI=1·01–8·9), as were those from households which had more than one child wearing a nappy (6·5, 1·8–23·4). The Auckland metropolitan mains water supply was associated with a reduced risk compared to other drinking water sources. Significantly increased risks were also associated with drinking water consumed away from home (4·7, 2·2–10·1), swimming at least once a week (2·4, 1·1–5·3) and travelling domestically (2·5, 1·03–6·0). The study identified vulnerable groups and modifiable risk factors for diarrhoeal diseases, particularly Giardia infection. Nappy wearing was an independent risk factor for infection. Further study is advocated to ensure better protection of public health, especially for children.

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