scholarly journals Tooth wear development in the Australian Aboriginal dentition from Yuendumu: A longitudinal study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254151
Author(s):  
Jinyoung Lee ◽  
Sarah Fung ◽  
Robin Yong ◽  
Sarbin Ranjitkar ◽  
John Kaidonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Occlusal Contact ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Masticatory Efficiency ◽  
Functional Tooth ◽  
Functional Context ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

The analysis of dental wear, at both the microscopic and macroscopic scale, is one of the most widely used tools in archeology and anthropology to reconstruct the diet and lifestyle of past human populations. Biomechanical studies have indicated that tooth wear helps to dissipate the mechanical load over the crown surface, thus reducing the risk of tooth fracture. To date, there are only a few studies that have examined functional tooth wear variation in modern humans. Here we propose to study masticatory efficiency through the use of the Occlusal Fingerprint Analysis method, a well-developed digital approach that allows the reconstruction of the occlusal dynamics occurring during mastication. The aim of this study is to provide the first longitudinal quantitative data of molar and premolar macrowear patterns within a functional context. We examined the mixed and permanent dentition of one Australian Aboriginal child (from ages 8 to 17) from Yuendumu, using high-resolution surface scans of dental casts including both upper and lower arches. Our results suggest that the occlusal macrowear patterns of this individual did not significantly change through time. Occlusal contact parameters such as functional area, inclination and direction remain relatively unaltered throughout childhood and adolescence, indicating little change in the masticatory function of this individual. The functional tooth wear pattern in this individual did not change longitudinally indicating the degree of masticatory efficiency has most probably remained unaltered.

The Management of Advanced Tooth Wear Using the T-Scan/BioEMG Synchronization Module

2015 ◽  
pp. 467-521
Author(s):  
Teresa Sierpińska
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Occlusal Contact ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Occlusal Wear ◽  
Synchronization Module ◽  
Level Information

Tooth wear is considered a normal, age dependent, physiological process that leads to the loss of enamel and dentine. However, in some cases the process is so progressive that it may be pathologic. The focus of this chapter is to present the consequences of advanced tooth wear resultant from parafunction, excessive masticatory forces, imbalanced occlusal contacts, and hyperactive masticatory muscles. This chapter also outlines preventative strategies that can predictably reduce the progression of pathologic wear, which employ the T-Scan 8/BioEMG synchronization module. These two objective companion technologies assess the occlusion before, during, and after dental treatment, as well as predictably control the long-term stability of newly installed fixed, implant-supported, or removable prostheses. Their synchronization correlates muscle activity level information directly to occlusal contact force and time-sequencing information, which when applied together in the wear patient can be instrumental in tempering and eliminating pathologic occlusal wear.

scholarly journals Oral Health and Diet in Populations of Central Argentina during the Late Holocene: Bioarchaeological and Isotopic Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-835
Author(s):  
Mariana Fabra ◽  
Claudina V. González
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Temporal Differentiation ◽  
Dental Diseases

We studied the temporal and spatial variation of diet and oral health of human populations that inhabited the central region of Argentina during the Late Holocene (4000–300 BP) by evaluating isotopic data (δ13Ccol, δ15N), physiological stress indicators (tooth wear), and infectious dental diseases (caries). The sample of 49 individuals was recovered from archaeological sites located in the province of Córdoba, dated by AMS on collagen to a range of 4058 ± 89 years BP to 370 ± 15 14C years BP. After calculating the prevalence of caries and the average dental wear, we compared these values based on regional origin (central highlands and eastern lowlands), temporal assignation (early Late Holocene, late Late Holocene), and sex (female and male). We found clear regional and temporal differentiation, which we interpret as resulting from differential use of plant resources among the regions and a slight deterioration in oral health in the Late Holocene. Stable isotope analysis indicates food consumption of C3 and C4 resources, although the observed temporal variations in the isotopic values may indicate an introduction of C4 resources in the later Late Holocene, mainly in the mountainous region.

scholarly journals The Effects of Premature Tooth Extraction and Damage on Replacement Timing in the Green Iguana

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-593
Author(s):  
Kirstin S Brink ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Cheng-Ming Chuong ◽  
Joy M Richman
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tooth Replacement ◽  
Green Iguana ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Functional Tooth ◽  
Green Iguanas ◽  
Replacement Cycle

Synopsis Reptiles with continuous tooth replacement, or polyphyodonty, replace their teeth in predictable, well-timed waves in alternating tooth positions around the mouth. This process is thought to occur irrespective of tooth wear or breakage. In this study, we aimed to determine if damage to teeth and premature tooth extraction affects tooth replacement timing long-term in juvenile green iguanas (Iguana iguana). First, we examined normal tooth development histologically using a BrdU pulse-chase analysis to detect label-retaining cells in replacement teeth and dental tissues. Next, we performed tooth extraction experiments for characterization of dental tissues after functional tooth (FT) extraction, including proliferation and β-Catenin expression, for up to 12 weeks. We then compared these results to a newly analyzed historical dataset of X-rays collected up to 7 months after FT damage and extraction in the green iguana. Results show that proliferation in the dental and successional lamina (SL) does not change after extraction of the FT, and proliferation occurs in the SL only when a tooth differentiates. Damage to an FT crown does not affect the timing of the tooth replacement cycle, however, complete extraction shifts the replacement cycle ahead by 4 weeks by removing the need for resorption of the FT. These results suggest that traumatic FT loss affects the timing of the replacement cycle at that one position, which may have implications for tooth replacement patterning around the entire mouth.

scholarly journals Middle/late Miocene hoplocetine sperm whale remains (Odontoceti: Physeteridae) of North Germany with an emended classification of the Hoplocetinae

Fossil Record ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hampe
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Killer Whale ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Functional Tooth ◽  
North Germany ◽  
Middle Pliocene

Abstract. Hoplocetus ritzi n. sp. is a new hoplocetine physeterid from the Bolboforma fragori /subfragoris Zone of the middle/late Miocene mica-clay of Groß Pampau in Schleswig-Holstein, North Germany. The Hoplocetinae are known from the early Miocene to the Pliocene. Comparative studies of cranial characters and tooth morphology allow an emended diagnosis of the Hoplocetinae Cabrera, 1926. Four genera, Diaphorocetus, Idiorophus, Scaldicetus, and Hoplocetus are included in this subfamily. The pattern of functional tooth wear deduced from the described Hoplocetus ritzi n. sp. remains is reminescent of that known from Orcinus orca. The hoplocetine physeterids possibly occupied the killer whale niche before the killer whales appeared during the middle Pliocene. Mit Hoplocetusritzi n. sp. wird ein neuer hoplocetiner Physeteride beschrieben. Der Fund stammt aus der Bolboformafragori /subfragoris Zone des mittel-/obermiozänen Glimmertons von Groß Pampau in Schleswig-Holstein, Norddeutschland. Die Hoplocetinae sind vom unteren Miozän bis ins Pliozän nachgewiesen. Anhand vergleichender Untersuchungen an wenigen Schädelmerkmalen und der Zahnmorphologie gelingt eine Neudiagnose der Hoplocetinae Cabrera, 1926 und eine vorläufige Abgrenzung zwischen den als valid angesehenen Gattungen dieser Unterfamilie, Diaphorocetus, Idiorophus, Scaldicetus und Hoplocetus. Das Abkauungsmuster der Zähne von Hoplocetusritzi n. sp. erinnert an das des heutigen Orcinusorca. Möglicherweise sind die hoplocetinen Pottwale habituell den Schwertwalen, die erdgeschichtlich erstmals im mittleren Pliozän auftreten, vergleichbar. doi:10.1002/mmng.200600002

scholarly journals Sleep bruxism and sleep disorders in adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
M. C. Carra
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Occlusal Splints ◽  
Tooth Grinding

Sleep Bruxism, the sleep-related movement disorder of tooth grinding and clenching, is highly reported in pediatrics with a prevalence of up to 40 % during childhood and adolescence. The precise etiology of sleep bruxism remains unknown, but it may involve genetic and psychosocial components (such as anxiety and stress). Clinicians should be aware that quite often sleep bruxism is associated with other disorders, such as snoring, sleep-disordered breathing, sleep complaints, and behavioral problems. These comorbidities should be investigated, because they may be severe and prolonged if they are not treated. SB may lead to morning jaw muscle soreness or pain, headache, masticatory muscle hypertrophy, temporomandibular disorders, and tooth wear. Especially in pediatrics, sleep bruxism is usually managed with conservative therapies, such as sleep hygiene, behavioral modifications, biofeedback, familial counseling and, only in cases of severe tooth wear or other serious possible consequences of SB, soft occlusal splints.

scholarly journals Disparities in Height and Urban Social Stratification in the First Half of the 20th Century in Madrid (Spain)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Carlos Varea ◽  
Elena Sánchez-García ◽  
Barry Bogin ◽  
Luis Ríos ◽  
Bustar Gómez-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
The City

Adult height is the most commonly used biological indicator to evaluate material and emotional conditions in which people grew up, allowing the analysis of secular trends associated with socio-economic change as well as of social inequalities among human populations. There is a lack of studies on both aspects regarding urban populations. Our study evaluates the secular trends and the disparities in height of conscripts born between 1915 and 1953 and called-up at the age of 21 between 1936 and 1969, living in districts with low versus middle and high socio-economic conditions, in the city of Madrid, Spain. We test the hypothesis that urban spatial segregation and social stratification was associated with significant differences in height. Results show that height increased significantly during the analysed period, both among conscripts living in the middle- and upper-class districts (5.85 cm) and in the lower-class districts (6.75 cm). The positive secular trend in height among conscripts from middle- and upper-class districts was sustained throughout the period, but the trend in height among the lower class fluctuated according to social, political, and economic events. Our findings support previous research that adult height is influenced strongly by the family living conditions during infancy and by community effects acting during childhood and adolescence.

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