Correction: Shock transmission in the International Food Trade Network

Trading systems are essential in promoting global food security. With the growing proportion of global food consumption obtained through international trade, the global food trade pattern has become increasingly complex over recent years. This study constructed a weighted global grain network using the trade data of 196 countries in 2000 and 2018 to explore the structure and evolution based on the complex network theory. We established that the global grain network was scale-free. There was significant heterogeneity among nodes, and the heterogeneity of the out-degree was greater than that of the in-degree. The global grain network has a significant core-periphery structure, with the United States, Japan, Mexico, Egypt, South Korea, and Colombia as the core countries. Thereafter, by applying the quadratic assignment procedure model to explore the driving factors of the global grain network, we established that geographical distance had a positive impact on the food trade patterns in 2000 and 2018. This differs from the classical gravity model theory. Furthermore, grain trade had significant “boundary effects”; economic gaps, resource endowment, and regional free trade agreements had a positive impact on the evolution of the grain trade network, whereas cultural similarity and political differences had a negative impact on the grain trade network pattern.

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Correction: Complexity of the International Agro-Food Trade Network and Its Impact on Food Safety

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/annotation/5fe23e20-573f-48d7-b284-4fa0106b8c42 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

MÃ¡ria Ercsey-Ravasz ◽

ZoltÃ¡n Toroczkai ◽

ZoltÃ¡n Lakner ◽

JÃ³zsef Baranyi

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Trade Network ◽

Food Trade

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Similarity Analysis in Multilayer Temporal Food Trade Network

Complex Networks XI - Springer Proceedings in Complexity ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-40943-2_27 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 322-333

Author(s):

Natalia Meshcheryakova

Keyword(s):

Similarity Analysis ◽

Trade Network ◽

Food Trade

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Data Mining Applied in Food Trade Network

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications ◽

10.5121/ijaia.2020.11202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 15-35

Author(s):

Alessandro Massaro ◽

Giovanni Dipierro ◽

Annamaria Saponaro ◽

Angelo Galiano

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Trade Network ◽

Food Trade

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Do trade agreements activate new links and increase flows? A data-driven analysis of the global cereal market.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-14664 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Benedetta Falsetti ◽

Luca Ridolfi ◽

Francesco Laio

Keyword(s):

Sharp Increase ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

Global Scale ◽

Data Driven ◽

Agricultural Product ◽

Trade Network ◽

Food Trade ◽

The Impact

Given the importance of food imports for food security and the role of exports in income generation, food trade is an indispensable component of most countries&#8217; development strategies. Global and regional agreements set the rules for trade policies between countries. In this context, we investigate the impact of trade agreements on the trade network of agricultural products. We study whether the ratification of agricultural-oriented trade agreements has an influence on the topology of the cereal trade network (link establishment) and the variation of flows through existing links.Our analysis differs from previous studies for three main reasons. Firstly, it is a data-driven analysis, based on a dataset that combines the trade agreement structure provided by the World Bank and cereal trade flow data from FAOSTAT. Secondly, the analysis focuses on a global scale, considering data for all countries where information is available. Finally, we carried out the analysis at the level of aggregated cereals, both from a monetary (US$) and diet-based (Kcal) perspective, over the period from 1993 to 2015. This time interval includes the most important recent reforms in the agricultural sector.The results show that a new trade agreement between two countries increases the probability of activating a grain trade link by 7.3% in the year after the agreement is ratified. In the case where trade agreements are not considered, the probability of triggering a new link between two countries drops to 1.3%.Regarding the volume of flows, we classify variations into three categories: flow decrease (negative variation of the flux), mild increase (<50% increase in the flow intensity), and sharp increase (>50% increase).The results obtained, both in economic value (US$) and in quantitative variations (Kcal), show that the entry force of a trade agreement has two main effects: in flows covered by trade agreements, there is a significant increase in the percentage of flows experiencing a sharp increase, and a reduction of the percentage of flows experiencing a negative variation.&#160;We, therefore, provide here global-scale, data-based evidence. Previous results suggest that trade agreements are facilitators of the connections between different countries and, therefore, facilitators in terms of global food trade accessibility. &#160;This work aims to be a first attempt to investigate the impacts of international agreements simultaneously on the topology of the agricultural product trade network, and on the increase of existing link flows. Our intention is to dedicate further analysis about which trade agreements perform better, increasing the traded volume, to explore the role of trade liberalization at a worldwide level.&#160;

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The Influence of Global Trade in National Food Systems: A Dynamic Network Analysis, 1986–2013 (OR16-04-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz051.or16-04-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Flavia Sarti ◽

Murilo Silvestrini

Keyword(s):

Food Systems ◽

Dynamic Network ◽

Global Trade ◽

Trade Network ◽

Middle Income ◽

Food Trade ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Global Commerce ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Per Capita

Abstract Objectives The objective of the study was to assess the evolution in international food trade relationships among countries during the period from 1986 until 2013, according to income groups, in order to analyze the contribution of global commerce to nutrition patterns in diverse populations worldwide. Methods Longitudinal study based on the analysis of food trade among countries, using datasets publicly available from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The information on food items imported from each country to another partner country were converted into calories per capita per year, considering only edible parts, allowing the aggregation of annual food trade flows for identification of contributions from international food systems to each country, categorized according to income level classification of the World Bank. The dataset was organized in pairs of countries linked by food commerce to build the graph of food trade network for each year and to provide information on the dynamics of the network during the period analyzed, considering that countries were nodes and food trade connections were edges. Results The dynamics of the global trade indicates intense growth in calories obtained from commerce among countries (from ∼1124 kcal per capita per day in 1986 to ∼2826 kcal in 2013), especially in low (+142.6%) and lower-middle income countries (+277.9%). However, major part of the calories traded among countries were concentrated among high income countries (from ∼2260 kcal per capita per day in 1986 to ∼4651 kcal in 2013). The evolution of international food trade network showed increase in graph density (from 0.164 in 1986 to 0.325 in 2013), and degree (from 25,365 in 1986 to 56,503 in 2013); nevertheless, there was relatively stable modularity (from 0.254 in 1986 to 0.325 in 2013), indicating intensification of calories traded among countries in the period, within similar patterns of commercial networks. Conclusions Information on networks connections along the period analyzed allowed indicating the role of global commerce on food situation of countries worldwide. There was increasing influence of global trade in national food systems during the last three decades; though inequalities remain regarding contributions from countries in different income levels. Funding Sources None. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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Evolution of Global Food Trade Patterns and Its Implications for Food Security Based on Complex Network Analysis

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10112657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2657

Author(s):

Jieyong Wang ◽

Chun Dai

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Complex Network ◽

Food Systems ◽

Food System ◽

Trade Network ◽

Trade Patterns ◽

Food Trade ◽

Network Analyses ◽

The Core ◽

Global Food

Global food trade is an integral part of the food system, and plays an important role in food security. Based on complex network analyses, this paper analyzed the global food trade network (FTN) and its evolution from 1992 to 2018. The results show that: (1) food trade relations have increased and global FTN is increasingly complex, efficient, and tighter. (2) Global food trade communities have become more stable and the trade network has evolved from “unipolar” to “multipolar”. (3) Over the nearly 30-year period, the core exporting countries have been stable and concentrated, while the core importing countries are relatively dispersed. The increasingly complex food trade network improves food availability and nutritional diversity; however, the food trade system, led by several large countries, has increased the vulnerability of some countries’ food systems and brings about unsafe factors, such as global natural disasters and political instability. It is supposed to establish a food security community to protect the global food trade market, address multiple risks, and promote global food security.

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