scholarly journals Childhood physical abuse and subsequent violent victimization among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255875
Author(s):  
Julie Sagram ◽  
William Lee ◽  
JinCheol Choi ◽  
M.-J. Milloy ◽  
Kanna Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Childhood Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background Violent victimization is common among people who use illegal drugs (PWUD) and is a source of significant health-related harm. However, little attention has been paid to how antecedent childhood trauma among PWUD may contribute to the risk of victimization in adulthood. Objective This study sought to examine the relationship between childhood physical abuse and victimization by physical assault among adult PWUD. Participants and setting Data were derived from three prospective cohorts of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada between 2005 and 2018. Methods Childhood physical abuse was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to estimate the relationship between childhood physical abuse and subsequent violent victimization, after adjustment for potential confounders. Results Among 2960 PWUD, including 1018 (34.39%) female participants, 1030 (34.8%) participants reported a history of moderate to severe childhood physical abuse, and 949 (32.06%) participants reported recent violent victimization at baseline. In a multivariate analysis, childhood physical abuse (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–1.46) remained independently associated with violent victimization after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions This study found a high prevalence of childhood physical abuse and that this was associated with a higher risk of subsequent violent victimization among PWUD in this setting. Greater support for PWUD with a history of childhood physical abuse is needed to decrease existing vulnerability to violence, including screening for and treatment of childhood trauma and related violence prevention.

Suicide-Related Concerns as a Mediator Between Physical Abuse and Self-Harm Behaviors in College Students

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Brausch ◽  
Tara C. Holaday
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Childhood Physical Abuse ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Reasons For Living ◽  
Cognitive Mediators ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Multiple studies have found correlations between history of abuse and self-harm behaviors, but few have examined potential mediators. Studying suicide-related concerns as a mediator in this relationship could inform the interpersonal theory of suicide by identifying acquired capability as a necessary component in self-harm behavior. Aims: This study examined the link between childhood physical abuse, self-injurious behaviors, and suicide-related concerns in young adults. It was hypothesized that more physical abuse and fewer suicide-related concerns would predict self-harm behaviors, and that suicide-related concerns would mediate this relationship. Method: A sample of 212 university students completed self-report measures that assessed self-harm behavior history, reasons for living, and childhood physical abuse. Results: Results supported the hypothesis that more instances of abuse and less concern about pain and death were significantly associated with greater self-harm history. Suicide-related concerns also mediated the relationship between physical abuse and self-harm behaviors. Conclusion: These results support recent theories that habituation to painful and provocative events is an important mechanism in explaining why people engage in self-injurious acts, and provides initial evidence for cognitive mediators between physical abuse and self-harm.

The relationship of childhood trauma and DNA methylation of NMDA receptor genes in first-episode schizophrenia

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila M Loureiro ◽  
Helene A Fachim ◽  
Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli ◽  
Rosana Shuhama ◽  
Paulo R Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: We investigated GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B and LINE-1 DNA methylation in first-episode schizophrenia patients, their nonaffected siblings and age- and sex-matched controls testing for associations between DNA methylation and exposition to childhood trauma. Materials & methods: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire evaluated the history of childhood trauma. Genomic DNA was bisulfite converted and pyrosequencing was employed to quantify DNA methylation. Results: GRIN2A, GRIN2B and LINE-1 DNA methylation was not associated with childhood trauma in patients, siblings and controls. Siblings with childhood trauma had hypermethylation at CpG1 of GRIN1 compared with siblings without trauma. Conclusion: Childhood trauma may influence GRIN1 methylation in subjects with liability to psychosis, but not in frank schizophrenia or controls.

scholarly journals Associations Between Childhood Trauma and the Age of First-Time Drug Use in Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Huang ◽  
Qiuyu Yuan ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Shu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood trauma is related to substance use disorder; however, few studies have examined the relationship between childhood trauma and the age at which the drug was first used. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma and the age of first-time drug use among methamphetamine-dependent patients. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of adverse family environment associated with severe childhood trauma and the risk factors for starting drugs in minors. A baseline interview was conducted with 110 participants who were in detoxification, including demographic information, past substance use, and age of first-time drug use. The participants' childhood trauma experience before 18 years of age was evaluated using the simplified version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). The Chinese version of the Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) was used to assess the family environment of methamphetamine-dependent patients. Among 110 non-injecting methamphetamine-dependent patients, nearly half (n = 48, 43.6%) had moderate and severe childhood trauma. Correlation analysis showed that the age of first-time drug use negatively correlated with emotional abuse (r = −0.32, p < 0.01) and physical abuse (r = −0.27, p < 0.01). The age of first-time drug use negatively correlated with conflict (r = −0.20, p < 0.05) and independence (r = −0.22, p < 0.05) of family environment, but positively correlated with intellectual-cultural orientation (r = 0.28, p < 0.01). Additionally, childhood trauma factors significantly correlated with many indexes of family environment, especially cohesion (r = −0.45, p < 0.01), conflict (r = 0.49, p < 0.01), and independence (r = 0.33, p < 0.01). Additionally, the regression model showed that when emotional abuse increased by one point, the age of first-time drug use was 0.69 years earlier. These findings suggest that a detrimental family environment can aggravate childhood trauma, and the experience of childhood emotional or physical abuse may be an effective predictor of early drug use among methamphetamine-dependent patients.

The relationship between childhood trauma and theory of mind in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s259-s259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mrizak ◽  
R. Trabelsi ◽  
A. Arous ◽  
A. Aissa ◽  
H. Ben Ammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionA history of childhood trauma is reportedly more prevalent in people suffering from psychosis than in the general population. Previous studies linked childhood trauma (CT) to neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia (SCZ), but rarely to theory of mind (TOM) deficits.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between TOM deficits and CT in SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire retrospectively assessing five types of childhood trauma (emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect). They also completed an intention-inferencing task, in which the ability to infer a character's intentions from information in a short story is assessed.ResultsOur results suggest a relationship between specific kinds of CT and TOM deficits. A history of childhood physical neglect was significantly correlated to a worse performance in the intention-inferencing task (P = 0,001). Patients with higher scores of CT denial also had less correct answers (P = 0,035) and more false answers (P = 0,013).ConclusionsOur results need replication but underline the necessity of investigating psychosocial mechanisms underlying the development of social cognition deficits, including deficits in TOM.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Rethinking childhood adversity in chronic fatigue syndrome

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Clark ◽  
Sean Davidson ◽  
Laura Maclachlan ◽  
Megan Lynn ◽  
Julia L Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of

Objectives: Previous studies have consistently shown increased rates of childhood adversity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, such aetiopathogenic studies of CFS are potentially confounded by co-morbidity and misdiagnosis particularly with depression. We used a modelling approach with existing data and data generated in our examination of the rates of childhood adversity in a sample of CFS patients who had no lifetime history of depression. Methods: The childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) was completed by a sample of 52 participants and 19 controls with chronic fatigue syndrome who did not meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder (confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV). Subsequently, Mediation Analysis (Baye’s Rules) was used to establish the risk childhood adversity poses for CFS with and without depression. Results: In a cohort of CFS patients with depression robustly excluded, CTQ scores were markedly lower than in all previous studies and, in contrast to these previous studies, not increased compared with healthy controls. Post-hoc analysis showed that CTQ scores correlated with the number of depressive symptoms during the lifetime worst period of low mood. The probability of developing CFS given a history of childhood trauma was shown to be 4%, a two-fold increased risk compared to the general population. However, much of this risk is mediated by the concomitant development of major depression. Discussion: The data suggests that previous studies showing a relationship between childhood adversity and CFS may be mediated by depression

scholarly journals The relationship between childhood trauma and schizophrenia in the Genomics of Schizophrenia in the Xhosa people (SAX) study in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1570-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaya Mall ◽  
Jonathan M. Platt ◽  
Henk Temmingh ◽  
Eustasius Musenge ◽  
Megan Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from high-income countries suggests that childhood trauma is associated with schizophrenia. Studies of childhood trauma and schizophrenia in low and middle income (LMIC) countries are limited. This study examined the prevalence of childhood traumatic experiences among cases and controls and the relationship between specific and cumulative childhood traumatic experiences and schizophrenia in a sample in South Africa.MethodsData were from the Genomics of Schizophrenia in the South African Xhosa people study. Cases with schizophrenia and matched controls were recruited from provincial hospitals and clinics in the Western and Eastern Cape regions in South Africa. Childhood traumatic experiences were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Adjusted logistic regression models estimated associations between individual and cumulative childhood traumatic experiences and schizophrenia.ResultsTraumatic experiences were more prevalent among cases than controls. The odds of schizophrenia were 2.44 times higher among those who experienced any trauma than those who reported no traumatic experiences (95% CI 1.77–3.37). The odds of schizophrenia were elevated among those who experienced physical/emotional abuse (OR 1.59, CI 1.28–1.97), neglect (OR 1.39, CI 1.16–1.68), and sexual abuse (OR 1.22, CI 1.03–1.45) compared to those who did not. Cumulative physical/emotional abuse and neglect experiences increased the odds of schizophrenia as a dose–response relationship.ConclusionChildhood trauma is common in this population. Among many other benefits, interventions to prevent childhood trauma may contribute to a decreasing occurrence of schizophrenia.

Childhood Trauma in Bipolar Disorders: Familial and Individual Mediators for Predicting Occurrence and Outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S28-S28
Author(s):  
B. Etain
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Affect Intensity ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Psychotic Features

Childhood trauma is highly prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and has been associated to a more severe/complex expression of the disorder. Little is known about the familial and individual factors that can mediate the occurrence of trauma within families but also influence the outcomes of BD. We will present data from two independent samples of patients with BD in order to identify the potential mediators for occurrence and severity/complexity. In a first sample of 371 patients with BD, 256 relatives and 157 healthy controls, we will show that there is a familial resemblance for emotional and physical abuses. Patients’ level of physical abuse was associated with their parental levels of physical abuse, but also with their father's history of alcohol misuse (p < 0.05). Second, in a sub-sample of 270 normothymic patients, we have performed a path-analysis to demonstrate that emotional and physical abuses interacted with cannabis misuse to increase the frequency of psychotic features and delusional beliefs. Finally, in an independent sample of 485 euthymic patients from the FACE-BD cohort we used path-analytic models to show that emotional abuse increased all the assessed affective/impulsive dimensions (p < 0.001). In turn, affect intensity and attitudinal hostility were associated with high risk for suicide attempts (p < 0.001), whereas impulsivity was associated with a higher risk for presence of substance misuse (p < 0.001). These results illustrate that childhood trauma might derive from parental characteristics (own childhood trauma and psychopathology) and increase the severity/complexity of BD through individual dimensions of psychopathology.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Does Emotion Dysregulation Mediate the Relationship between Early Maltreatment and Later Substance Dependence? Findings of the CANSAS Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wolff ◽  
Julia Holl ◽  
Malte Stopsack ◽  
Elisabeth A. Arens ◽  
Anja Höcker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Maltreatment ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aims: Maltreatment in childhood and adolescence is a risk factor for substance use disorders (SUDs) in adulthood. This association has rarely been investigated in the light of emotion dysregulation. To fill this gap, this study examines emotion dysregulation and SUDs among adults with a history of early maltreatment. Methods: Comparison of emotion dysregulation in adults with a history of early abuse and neglect who developed either an SUD (n = 105) or no mental disorder (n = 54). Further, a mediation model for the association between the severity of early maltreatment and SUDs was tested. Participants completed research diagnostic interviews for psychopathology, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: By using hierarchical regression techniques and mediational analyses controlling for age and gender, it was possible to provide evidence for the mediating role of emotion dysregulation between early emotional and physical maltreatment and later SUDs. Conclusions: Emotion dysregulation is a potential mechanism underlying the relationship between early emotional and physical maltreatment and the development of SUDs. In light of these findings, focusing on the early training of adaptive emotion regulation strategies after childhood maltreatment might be of considerable relevance to prevent the development of SUDs.

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