scholarly journals Effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle contractile performance in male and female mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255946
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Laudato ◽  
Abigail L. Tice ◽  
Jarrod A. Call ◽  
Bradley S. Gordon ◽  
Jennifer L. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Strength Function ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Type I ◽  
Force Frequency ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Males And Females

Background Acute and chronic alcohol use can cause skeletal muscle myopathy in concert with impairments in skeletal muscle strength, function and fatigue resistance. However, the fundamental contractile deficits induced in the presence of alcohol versus those observed in the recovery period following the clearance of alcohol have not yet been characterized nor is it known whether sex influences these outcomes. Methods Male and female mice received an intraperitoneal injection of either saline (Control) or ethanol (EtOH; 5g/kg body weight). Muscle force, fatigue, fatigue recovery and twitch characteristics of the posterior crural muscle complex were measured in situ 1 hour and 24 hours post alcohol. Results In the presence of alcohol (1-hour post treatment) absolute and normalized force generated at 80–150 Hertz was decreased in male and female mice with concurrent reductions in the rate of force development and increases in ½ relaxation time. When expressed as a percentage of maximum force, both males and females also displayed an alcohol-induced leftward shift in the force frequency curve indicative of a type I contractile phenotype. Alcohol enhanced fatigue in both males and females but had no effect on force recovery. Following clearance of alcohol (24-hour post treatment), contractile function was completely restored in females while alcohol treated males experienced sustained reductions in absolute force and had enhanced fatigue compared with male controls. Conclusions In the presence of alcohol, both males and females exhibited significant declines in muscle force production and enhanced fatigue; however, following complete clearance of the alcohol, females recovered all functional parameters, while males did not.

Abstract 096: Leptin and High Salt Diet Induce Greater Increases in Blood Pressure in Female than Male Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L Faulkner ◽  
Eric J Belin de Chantemele
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
High Salt ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Recent studies by our group demonstrated that leptin is a direct regulator of aldosterone secretion and increases blood pressure via sex-specific mechanisms involving leptin-mediated activation of the aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway in females and sympatho-activation in males. Although it is well accepted that females secrete more leptin and aldosterone than males, it is unknown whether leptin infusion raises blood pressure similarly in male and female mice and whether higher aldosterone levels sensitize females to salt-induced hypertension. We hypothesized that female mice would be more sensitive to leptin than males and also have a potentiated blood pressure rise in response to high salt diet compared to males. Male and female Balb/C mice were implanted with radiotelemeters for continuous measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 10 weeks of age. MAP was measured for seven days prior to feeding with a high-salt diet (HS, 4%NaCl) for seven days. Following a recovery period, animals were then implanted with osmotic minipumps containing leptin (0.9mg/kg/day) recorded for seven days. Baseline MAP was similar between males and females (101.3±2.9 vs 99.3±3.7 mmHg, n=4 and 5, respectively), however, HS diet resulted in a greater MAP increase in females (15.0±2.6 mmHg) compared to males (3.1±4.5 mmHg, P<0.05). MAP with leptin treatment was increased with leptin in females moreso than in males, however, this did not reach significance (6.8±5.8 vs 1.8±5.9 mmHg, respectively). This potential sex difference in blood pressure responses to leptin was not associated with changes in body weight (0.07±0.44 vs -0.22±0.2 g, respectively) nor changes in blood glucose (-19.67±15.06 vs -15.4±11.4 mg/dl, respectively) in males and females in response to leptin. In summary, female mice are more sensitive to HS diet-induced blood pressure increases than males. Females may be more sensitive to leptin-mediated blood pressure increases than males. Further investigation is needed to determine whether these sex differences in blood pressure responses to HS diet and leptin are mediated by aldosterone or other mechanisms.

Sexual dimorphism is associated with decreased expression of processed myostatin in males

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. E377-E381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. McMahon ◽  
Ljiljana Popovic ◽  
Ferenc Jeanplong ◽  
Jenny M. Oldham ◽  
Sonnie P. Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris Muscles

Myostatin inhibits skeletal muscle development. Therefore, we sought to determine whether larger body and muscle mass in male mice was associated with lower mRNA and protein expression of myostatin compared with females. Ten male and ten female mice of the C57 strain were killed at 16–18 wk of age, and their biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps femoris muscles were collected. Body and muscle masses were 40% heavier ( P < 0.001) in males than in females. Northern analysis showed no difference in mRNA between males and females. In contrast, Western analysis showed that processed myostatin (26 kDa) was 40–60% lower ( P < 0.001) in males compared with females. These data show first that decreased processed myostatin is a posttranscriptional and posttranslational event and, second, that decreased abundance of processed myostatin is associated with increased body mass and skeletal muscle mass in male compared with female mice.

Effect of spaceflight on skeletal muscle: mechanical properties and myosin isoform content of a slow muscle

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1764-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Caiozzo ◽  
M. J. Baker ◽  
R. E. Herrick ◽  
M. Tao ◽  
K. M. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Force Frequency ◽  
Slow Type ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Frequency Relationship

This study examined changes in contractile, biochemical, and histochemical properties of slow antigravity skeletal muscle after a 6-day spaceflight mission. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: flight and ground-based control. Approximately 3 h after the landing, in situ contractile measurements were made on the soleus muscles of the flight animals. The control animals were studied 24 h later. The contractile measurements included force-velocity relationship, force-frequency relationship, and fatigability. Biochemical measurements focused on the myosin heavy chain (MHC) and myosin light chain profiles. Adenosine-triphosphatase histochemistry was performed to identify cross-sectional area of slow and fast muscle fibers and to determine the percent fiber type distribution. The force-velocity relationships of the flight muscles were altered such that maximal isometric tension (Po) was decreased by 24% and maximal shortening velocity was increased by 14% (P < 0.05). The force-frequency relationship of the flight muscles was shifted to the right of the control muscles. At the end of the 2-min fatigue test, the flight muscles generated only 34% of Po, whereas the control muscles generated 64% of Po. The flight muscles exhibited de novo expression of the type IIx MHC isoform as well as a slight decrease in the slow type I and fast type IIa MHC isoforms. Histochemical analyses of flight muscles demonstrated a small increase in the percentage of fast type II fibers and a greater atrophy of the slow type I fibers. The results demonstrate that contractile properties of slow antigravity skeletal muscle are sensitive to the microgravity environment and that changes begin to occur within the 1st wk. These changes were at least, in part, associated with changes in the amount and type of contractile protein expressed.

Fiber number, area, and composition of mouse soleus muscle following enlargement

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Timson ◽  
B. K. Bowlin ◽  
G. A. Dudenhoeffer ◽  
J. B. George
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Histological Section ◽  
Type I ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Fiber Area ◽  
Fiber Number

Muscle fiber number, cross-sectional area, and composition were studied in response to enlargement produced by synergistic ablation in the mouse soleus muscle. The effect of the location of a histological section on the number of fibers that appear in the section was also studied using the mouse soleus muscle. Enlargement was produced in the soleus muscle of 15 male and 15 female mice by ablation of the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle. Fiber counts, using the nitric acid digestion method, revealed no difference between control and enlarged muscles in male and female mice. Mean fiber area, determined by planimetry, was 49.1 and 34.5% greater following enlargement in male and female mice, respectively. Increase in muscle weight could be totally accounted for by the increase in fiber area following enlargement. A transformation of type II to type I fibers occurred following enlargement for both sexes. Counts of fibers from histological sections revealed that there was a progressive decrease in the fiber number as the section was moved from the belly to the distal end of the muscle. The results of these studies indicate that muscle enlargement in the mouse soleus muscle is due to hypertrophy of the existing muscle fibers.

scholarly journals Leptin pharmacokinetics in male mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Hart ◽  
Robin C Dobos ◽  
Linda L Agnew ◽  
Neil A Smart ◽  
James R McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Major Target

Pharmacokinetics of leptin in mammals has not been studied in detail and only one study has examined more than one time point in non-mutant mice and this was in a female mice. This is the first study to describe leptin distribution over a detailed time course in normal male mice. A physiologic dose (12 ng) of radiolabelled leptin was injected into adult male mice via the lateral tail vein and tissues were dissected out and measured for radioactivity over a time course of up to two hours. Major targets were the digestive tract, kidneys, skin and lungs. The brain was not a major target, and 0.15% of the total dose was recovered from the brain 5 min after administration. Major differences appear to exist in the distribution of leptin between the male and female mice, indicating a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Although the half-lives were similar between male and female mice, almost twice the proportion of leptin was recovered from the digestive tract of male mice in comparison to that reported previously for females. This would seem to indicate a major difference in leptin distribution and possibly function between males and females.

THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN PLANT PREPARATIONS ON THE FERTILITY OF LABORATORY MAMMALS

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNE EAST
Keyword(s):  
Female Fertility ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
High Degree

SUMMARY Capsella bursa pastoris ('Shepherd's Purse'), dried and ground, was added at rates of 20 and 40% to the stock diet of male and female mice. Diets similarly diluted with grass meal were used for comparison. At the 40% level, both materials impeded ovulation and produced temporary infertility in males and females. 20% Capsella did not affect female fertility, and previous experiments had shown that an equivalent amount of grass meal was harmless. Neither substance affected the establishment of vaginal patency in immature female mice or produced signs of oestrogenization in spayed animals. The infertility produced was probably due to the high degree of dilution of the diet rather than to specific anti-fertility activity, but the latter possibility has not been excluded entirely.

scholarly journals The Effects of Diet Induced Obesity (DIO) on Skeletal Muscle Transcription in MuRF1 KO Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A59-A59
Author(s):  
Andrea Gail Marshall ◽  
Jennifer E Norman ◽  
Michael S Chementi ◽  
John C Rutledge ◽  
Sue C Bodine
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome

Abstract Background: As obesity and Type II Diabetes rise globally, it is important to understand the similarities and differences in the response of metabolic tissues between males and females. We wanted to evaluate the impact of prolonged diet induced obesity (DIO) on the skeletal muscle transcriptome of our MuRF1 KO (KO) mice. Methods: RNA was isolated from the gastrocnemius muscle of male and female WT and KO mice that were fed either standard chow (Envigo 2918) or a 45% HFD (Research Diets D12451) for 22 weeks (n = 4). RNA was enriched for mRNA prior to library preparation. RNA sequencing was performed using 150 bp paired-end reads (~ 31.6 M reads per sample). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using DESeq2 with an FDR set to 5%. Results: At baseline (chow diet), both male and female KO mice had DEGs compared to their WT counterparts (male, 1174; female, 105). Most DEGs were found to be unique by sex (male, 1151; female, 82), though 23 genes were found to be changed in common. After obesity was induced by 22 weeks of 45% HFD feeding, KO animals showed a greater transcriptional response than their WT counterparts. Males had 1821 DEGs (v. 179 in WT) while females had 4425 DEGs (v. 2090 in WT). In males, 78 genes were changed in common between WT and KO in response to DIO, with 76 of those genes changing in the same direction (Slc282a and Gm15427 did not). In females, 1445 genes were changed in common between WT and KO, with all but 2 genes (Pla2g7 and Zfp385b) changing in the same direction. In both male and female KO animals, oxidative phosphorylation and ribosomal pathways were most significant, though the direction of change in the DEGs was opposite. Conclusion: In skeletal muscle, sex highly influences the genes and pathways changed in response to DIO. Even among common pathways identified, the response between males and females differed. Loss of MuRF1 results in common and unique transcript changes in and between males and females under normal conditions and in DIO.

scholarly journals Brain-synthesized estrogens regulate cortical migration in a sexually divergent manner

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Sellers ◽  
Matthew C.S. Denley ◽  
Atsushi Saito ◽  
Atsushi Kamiya ◽  
Deepak P. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractEstrogens play an important role in the sexual dimorphisms that occur during brain development, including the neural circuitry that underlies sex-typical and socio-aggressive behaviors. Aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, is expressed at high levels during early development in both male and female cortices, suggesting a role for brain-synthesized estrogens during corticogenesis. This study investigated how the local synthesis of estrogens affects neurodevelopment of the cerebral cortex, and how this differs in males and females by knockdown expression of the Cyp19a1 gene, which encodes aromatase, between embryonic day 14.5 and postnatal day 0 (P0). The effects of Cyp19a1 knockdown on neural migration was then assessed. Aromatase was expressed in the developing cortex of both sexes, but at significantly higher levels in male than female mice. Under basal conditions, no obvious differences in cortical migration between male and female mice were observed. However, knockdown of Cyp19a1 increased the number GFP-positive cells in the cortical plate, with a concurrent decrease in the subventricular zone/ventricular zone in P0 male mice. The opposite effect was observed in females, with a significantly reduced number of GFP-positive cells migrating to the cortical plate. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the role of fetal steroids for neuronal migration during cerebral cortex development. Moreover, these data indicate that brain-synthesized estrogens regulate radial migration through distinct mechanisms in males and females.

The increase in skeletal muscle mass in male and female mice

1973 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Griffin ◽  
G. Goldspink
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice
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